LLASSFICAUN OF ORALEY SOIAMS
TABLETS
4 MAJOR TYPES (onpre«ed aterie wte
tablets IMets
TABLEIS
ORALLY GIVEN Multiple
(onpressed Tahlets
INGESTED TIIROUGI
TABLETS (011|ER
ROUIES
Sugar Coated
TABETS FOR TABLETS TO Tablets
Chewtde fablets
ORAL. PREPARE
CAVITIES SOLUTIONS
Majority of the tablets are ingested orally. These Compression coated taniets - cosists of 2 rarts
tablets are swallowed intact along with a sufficient inlernal core (the tanie) ankd surrnund1ng comt
quantity ofwater. These tablets are prepared by filling coat material t
-Compressed tablets- prepared by compression f half. core tablet is mechanically transferred. aain
powdered crystalline or granular materials, by the remaining space ís filed with coat material, ard
application of high prcssures using punches and die. They finally compression force is applied.
do not contain any special coating. Here rapid Inlay tablets tablet core is not completed
disintegration occurs which releases the drug rapidly.
Multi compressed tablets - composed of 2-3 layers. surrounded by the coaimg. top surface is compieteiy
exposed. Prepared by ling the die with coating
Prepared by introducing the fill material to more than one material and mechanically placing the core in the
compression cycle. Multi compression is done in cases
where the ingredients are physically or chemically die, the compressed. Coat is displaccd to form the
incompatible or when a prolonged action is requircd. They sides.
are further classifiedinto 3: -compression coated tablets Layered tablets consists of 2 -3 inuredients in
:- layered tablets layers. Preferred when 2 or more ingredients have to
:- inlay tablets be administered simultareously.
Coating.
irtbyet "Enteric tablets formulated to prevent drug
relcase in the stomach. Such an enteric coating is
preferred when the drug gets inactivated or
destroyed by gastric plH, or when drug is irritating to
Core the gastric mucosa. Enteric coat is insoluble in he
acidic pH and soluble in the alkal1ne pli. Such
Compression coated tablets Layered tablets
tablets are also meant for delayed release.
Enteric coating materials - polymers like Cellulose
acetate phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyleellulose.
"Sugar coated tablets - contain concentrated sugar
solution coating. Used to improve paticnts
Inlay tablets compliance, increase physical appearance., mask
Ctoss Secion Top new unpleasant taste, increase the stability or modify the
release of the drug.
CONTENTS
Introduction
.Classificntion of Tablets
Exciplents used in Fornulating Tablets
. Tablet Granulation& Its Importance
.Methods of Granubation
. Tablet Compresion Muchines
A. TABLETS Equipmenttooling
Comprcssion Processiny Problems
during Tablet
Munufacturing Process
Tablets
Ideal Characteristics of
INTRODUCTION The objcctive of the
design and nanufacture of
the
orally the correct amount of
'harmaceutical Tablets : are solid dosage compresscd tablet is to deliver
proper time and in the
forms containing one or more drugs with or over the
drug in the proper form, at or
chemícal integrity protectcd.
without the addition of excipients. desired Jocation, and to have its
defects.
"Addictives "Should be un clegant product; free from
excipients arc mainly strength to withstand the harshness of
"Should have
Incorporated to enhance physical appearancc, be cncountered in its production,
mechanical shock that can
stability, disintegration, or breakup of tablet after packaging, shipping cte.
administration. agent in the body in a
"Must be able to release the nedicinal
predictable and reproducible manner.
"Aceording to Indian Pharmacopocia,
"Must be uniform inweight and drug content.
pharmaceutical tablets are flat or bi-convex passing of product
dises manufactured by compressing a drug or "Size and shape of tablets influence the
a mixture of rugs with or without suitable through GIT.
"Tablets should be physically and chemically stable
so that no
excipients. alternation of Activc ingredient with timc.
Disadvantages of Tablets
Advantages of Tablets Some of drugs, due to their highly amorphous nature
Chcapest oral dosage form, easy to handle, and low density, are difficult to compress.
convenient to ad1minister and offers grcatest dose vChances of loss of ingredients of tablets during
precision, manufacturing because of involvement of several unit
Have the best combined properties of chemical,
of operation.
mechanical, and microbiological stability of all the Drugs with poor weting properties and slow
oral forms. dissolution rate are difficult to be dispensed in the
Greatest ease of swallowing, and less shelf storage form of tablets.
[Link] VDrugs with objectionable odour and biter tasting
Suitable for large scale production substance need special treatment for compression.
Unpleasant and bitter lasting drugs when This can increase the costof production.
formulating. the taste can be maskcd with cxcipients Bioavailability problems may arise due to slow
suitable. disintegration and slow dissolution
Provide protection of medicaments from Some drugs can cause irritant effect on the GIT.
2
iln eoatedtallets are tahlets contcd with a
thin layer of polymer material or a mitore of
to
polyner materials fhe eoating is designed the
hreak the core tablet at the deaired location in
GIT. Fil coating also protects the tahlet from
atmospheric effects.
Chewable tablets are chewed prior to
Swallowing, useful for children or adulta who
have difficulty with swallowing the tablet intact
tr
Substances like mannitol, dextrose are used in
ingredient.
the preparation along with the active
disintegrating
These tablets do not require any
acceptable taste
agents. They should also have an
and flavour.
teeth, gums,
TABLETSFOR ORAL CAVITIES Oral cavity includes lips, cheeks,
roof of the mouth,
floor of the mouth, bony
and two thirds of thetongue,
Gingva (yun)
Buccal and
Lozenges and
Troches Toelh
Sublingual Tablets Hard paiate
son oaalu
Herutnoiat muu
ing)
Dental Cones Tonguo
ront two thirds)
"Buccaland Sublingual tablets - small and flat
oval tablets. Buccal
Sublingual administration - placing drug under Tablets
blood.
the tongue to dissolve and absorb into the
Buccal administration - placing a drug between
gums and cheek to dissolve and
absorb into Sublingua Strepsils
1 Tablets HendnsfAn9n
blood Lozenes
with
"Lozenges and troches- disc shaped
hard
medicinal agents incorporated in flavoured
dissolved
candy or sugar base. Intended to be Dental
slowly in the oral cavity Cones
which
"Dental cones - are compressed tablets
sockets after tooth
are placed in the empty atfurk of harteria or
pvtrartinn to nroyent
TABLETS GIVINRY OnmR ROUEN Implnts long acting sterile tablets hich are
deignel te provide eontinuon relene of dry
for the ntinthe or Ayer Placed mder the skm er
inserted subcutaneously by tiean of mnor
surgical operation Implnt t he terit
Packed individually in nterile enedtions
Contains rate controll1ng excipients Minly
Implantation employed to administer hornones
Tablets Vaginaltablets
Vaginal Tablets - uncoated bullet shaped or
ovoid tablets. They are designed to dissolve
slowly in the vaginal cavity. Used to release
nedicaments to provide local pharmacological
efect and for systematic absorption.
TABLETS TO PREPARESOLUTIONS "Effervescent tablets - uncoated tablets that
contain the following - active ingredient.
organic acids (cg. tartaric acid). and sodium
bicarbonate. When dropped into water, tablet
Effervescent Dispensing reacts with water relcasing carbon dioxide.
Tablets tablets
producing cffervescence leading to
disintegration.
"Dispensing Tablets - contain large amount
Tablet Triturates
of highly potent active pharmaceutical
Hypodermic
Tablets Moulded Tablets ingredients. They should be added to given
volume of water. Great care should be taken
in packaging and labelling. These tablets arc
readily dispensed into liquids.
"Hypodermic tablets - soft readily
soluble tablets. Tablets composed with Eflervescent
drugs that are water soluble and they are Tablets
dissolved in sterile water or water for
injection, and administered via
parenteral routes.
"Tablet triturates- small cylindrical
molded or compressed tablets. They
usually contain a potent drug mixed with
excipients like lactose, sucrose or any
other suitable diluent. Prepared in
Hypodermic Tablets Mold for ablet Triturates
special molds