Muscle Muscle Functions
- Contractile tissue grouped into 1. Protection
coordinated systems 2. Support: maintains upright posture
- Responsible for movement 3. Respiration
- About 600 muscles in the human body 4. Production of heat
5. Communication
Basic Physiological property of muscles 6. Constriction of organs and vessels
1. Contractility 7. Heart beat
- Ability to shorten
2. Extensibility Types of Contraction
- Ability to be stretched or 1. Twitch
extended - Momentary contraction; single
3. Excitability or Irritability stimulus
- Ability to generate electrical 2. Isotonic
impulses in response to stimuli - Muscle become shorter and
4. Elasticity thicker upon contraction
- Ability to go back to its original - Used in walking, moving any part
length of the body
3. Isometric
*TONUS - Produces no movement
- Normal state of a healthy muscle when - Muscles develop but remains the
resting state or slight contraction same length
- Used in standing, sitting, and
Types of Muscles posture
1. Skeletal muscles 4. Treppe
- Striated - Rested muscles receives
- Voluntary repeated stimuli over a
- 40-50% of an adult male’s body weight prolonged period
- 30-40% of an adult female’s body weight - If stimuli and contractions
continue, fatigue occurs.
2. Smooth muscles 5. Tetanus
- Not striated - Continues muscle spasm
- Involuntary produced by repetition of stimuli
- Found in the circulatory, digestive, - Result of a rapid succession of
respiratory, and urogenital system, nerve impulse
cardiac system a. Summation of twitches
- Tension achieved is
3. Cardiac muscles greater than the tension
- Striated of a single muscle twitch
- Involuntary b. Incomplete tetanus
- When incomplete
*If O2 deprivation lasts >= 30 secs, it will stop relaxations are still
contracting—resulting in heart failure evident between
contractions
c. Complete tetanus - Move bone away from midline
- Muscle is in a steady 4. Adductor
state of contraction with - Move bone toward midline
no relaxation at all 5. Levator
between stimuli - Produce upward movement
6. Depressor
Types of Contractions - Produce downward movement
1. Concentric 7. Supinator
- Muscle contracts with force - Turn palm upward/anterior
greater than resistance and 8. Pronator
shortens - Turn palm downward/posterior
2. Eccentric
- Muscle contracts with force less Ways to identify Muscles:
than resistance and lengthens A. Size
3. Isometric 1. Vastus - huge
- Muscle contracts but does not 2. Maximus - large
change length 3. Longus - long
4. Minismus - small
Skeletal Muscle Actions 5. Brevis - short
1. Origin
- Immovable end B. Shape
2. Insertion 1. Deltoid - triangular
- Movable end 2. Rhomboid
3. Prime mover (agonist) 3. Latissimus - wide
- Primary responsible for 4. Teres - round
movement 5. Trapezius - trapezoid
4. Synergists
- Muscle that aids a prime mover C. Direction of fibers
in a movement and helps 1. Rectus - straight
prevent rotation 2. Transverse - across
5. Antagonist 3. Oblique - diagonally
- Resist prime mover’s action and 4. Orbicularis - circular
cause movement in the opposite
direction D. Location
6. Fixator 1. Pectoralis
- Stabilizes the origin of a prime 2. Gluteus
mover 3. Brachii
4. Supra
Action 5. Inra
1. Flexor 6. Sub
- Decrease angle at a joint 7. Lateralis
2. Extensor
- Increase angle at a joint E. Number of origins
3. Abductor 1. Biceps - two heads
2. Triceps - three heads
3. Quadriceps - four heads III. Muscles of mastication
1. Masseter
a. Origin and insertion 2. Temporalis
1. Sternocleidomastoideus
- Origin on the III. Muscles that move the head
sternum and 1. Sternocleidomastoid
clavicle insertion 2. Splenius capitis
on the mastoid 3. Semispinalis capitis
process
2. Brachioradialis IV. Muscles of the trunk
- Origin on the - external intercostal muscles
brachium or arm - diaphragm
- Insertion on the 1. Pectoralis major
radius 2. Pectoralis minor
3. Rectus abdominis
Muscle Structure 4. External oblique
A. Muscle Fiber 5. Trapezius
- Single, multinucleated muscle 6. Rhomboideus
cell 7. Latissimus dorsi
- Makes up most of the muscle
tissue with a large amount of V. Arm and shoulder muscles
connective tissue, blood vessels, 1. Biceps brachii
and nerves are also present 2. Triceps brachii
- Consist of bundles of threadlike 3. Pronator teres
structures called myofibrils 4. Pronator quadratus
5. Supinator
The Different Muscles 6. Teres major
I. Muscles of the head 7. Teres minor
- There are 4 pairs of muscles 8. Deltoid
responsible for chewing or mastication 9. Supraspinatus
1. Sternocleidomastoid 10.Infraspinatus
- flexes the head and 11.levator scapulae
extends the head 12.brachialis
2. Trapezius 13.subscapularis
- stabilize and move the
scapula VI. Forearm muscle
II. Muscles of facial expression
1. Epicranius: Frontalis & Occipitalis
2. Orbicularis oculi
3. Orbicularis oris
4. Buccinator
5. Zygomaticus
6. Platysma