1. In which situation would you use a thyristor?

 There are several situations when electrical engineers may

choose to use a thyristor.
 For instance, a thyristor is an excellent choice if they want to reduce
the cost of speed-control
 Control-alternating currents.
 they could use thyristors in high-current and high-voltage
applications.

2. If you put two positively charged items together, what would

happen?
 Since charges are essential in the context of electromagnetism.
Two positively charged items would repel each other. Items will
move apart and compare this with two opposite charges, in
which case the items would move closer.

3. Which criteria should you use when choosing a wire?

 The most important criteria is:-
 Wire capacity
 Wire size
 Wire gauge
 Current flow

4. What is an electrical control system?

 It's a set of automated devices that control the transformation,
transportation, and distribution of electrical energy in
equipment, whether industrial or domestic, in addition to
regulating the flow of electric current needed for its proper
operation.

1
5. What is a P-type Semiconductor?
 P-Type Semiconductor is an intrinsic semiconductor doped with
boron (B) or indium (In). Silicon of Group IV has four valence
electrons and boron of Group III has three valence electrons.

6. What is an N-type Semiconductor?

 An N-Type Semiconductor is an intrinsic semiconductor doped
with phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), or antimony (Sb) as an
impurity. Silicon of Group IV has four valence electrons and
phosphorus of Group V has five valence electrons.

2
1. What do you mean by capacitance?
 Capacitance is the ability of a component or circuit to collect
and store energy in the form of an electrical charge. Capacitors
are energy-storing devices available in many sizes and shapes.
It is represented by C.

2. Explain what inductance means?

 When a coil resists changes in an electric current that flows
through it, this process is known as inductance. Inductance
describes the ratio that compares the induced voltage to the
current’s rate of change and that the symbol representing
inductance is a capital letter L.

3. What is Capacitor?
 A passive electronic component that stores energy in the form
of an electrostatic field.

4. How does the capacitor store energy?

 A charged capacitor stores energy in the electrical field
between its plates. As the capacitor is being charged, the
electrical field builds up. When a charged capacitor is
disconnected from a battery, its energy remains in the field in
the space between its plates.

5. What is called resistor?

 A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the
flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can
also be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device
such as a transistor. It has two terminals and that is used to
reduce or limit a current flow.

3
6. What is a inductor and what is the use?
 An inductor is a passive electronic component which is capable
of storing electrical energy in the form of magnetic energy. It is
used help to handle fluctuations in an electric current running
through a circuit.

7. What is Ideal Transformer?

 An ideal transformer is one that does not have any losses such
as copper or core. The output power of this transformer is
equal to the input power. This transformer's efficiency is 100
percent, which means there is no power loss within the
transformer.

8. Which is the another term to describe lack of power loss in Ideal

Transformer?
 There is no loss in Ideal Transformer

4
1. What is a series circuit?
 A series circuit is one in which all circuit elements are arranged
in a single path.

2. What is parallel circuit?

 A parallel circuit is one that has two or more paths for the
electricity to flow, the loads are parallel to each other.

3. Difference between Series Circuit and Parallel Circuit?

 Series Circuit:-
 The same amount of current flows through all the
components.
 In an electrical circuit, components are arranged in a line.
 When resistors are put in a series circuit, the voltage across
each resistor is different even though the current flow is the
same through all of them.
 If one component breaks down, the whole circuit will burn
out.
 If Vt is the total voltage then it is equal to V1 + V2 +V3

Parallel Circuit:-
 The current flowing through each component combines to
form the current flow through the source.
 In an electrical circuit, components are arranged parallel to
each other.
 When resistors are put in a parallel circuit, the voltage across
each of the resistors is the same. Even the polarities are the
same.
 Other components will function even if one component
breaks down, each has its own independent circuit.
 If Vt is the total voltage then it is equal to V1=V2=V3.
5
4. What is Active Circuit?
 A circuit component which can deliver power or power gain in
an electric circuit for infinite duration of time

5. What is Passive Circuit?

 The circuit element which can only absorb electrical energy and
dissipates it in the form of heat or stores in either magnetic
field or electric field.

6. What are the difference between Active Circuit and Passive

Circuit?
 Example: -
 Active Circuit: - The common examples of active components
are energy sources (voltage or current source), generators,
semiconductor devices like transistors, solar cells, SCR, etc.
 Passive Circuit: - The examples of passive components are
resistor, inductor, capacitor and transformer, etc.

 Role in the circuit: -

Active Circuit: - Active components behave as source of power
in the circuit.
Passive Circuit: - The passive components act as load in the
circuit.

 Power Gain: -
Active Circuit: -Active components can provide power gain in
the electric circuit.
Passive Circuit: - Passive components cannot provide power
gain.

 Function: -
Active Circuit: - Receive energy in the forms such as thermal
energy, chemical energy, hydraulic energy, etc. and delivers in
the circuit in the form of electrical energy.

6
 Passive Circuit: - Receive electrical energy and either convert it
in the other forms such as heat, light, rotation, etc. or store in
the magnetic field or electric field.

 Control of current flow: -

Active components: - Cause current flow in the circuit and
control the flow of current.
Passive Components: - Cannot control the current flow in the
circuit.

 Power deliver or absorb: -

Active components: -Can deliver as well as absorb the electrical
power. For example, a battery, during charging absorbs
electrical energy and during discharging delivers electrical
energy.
Passive Components: - Can only absorb electrical power. It is
not capable for deliver power.

 Amplification: -
Active components: - Have power gain more than unity, so they
can amplify a signal.
Passive Components: - The power gain is less than unity, hence
they cannot amplify a signal.

7
 1. What is a DC generator?
 A DC generator is an electrical machine whose main
function is to convert mechanical energy into electricity.

2. What is benefits of DC Generator?

 The design and construction of a DC generator are simple.
 They are used to operate big machines.
 These generators are useful in supplying electricity to
large motors.
 Heavy electric devices are supplied electricity by using DC
generators.
 A DC generator significantly reduces the electric
fluctuations in the armature and gives a continuous
supply.

3. Where is DC Generator used?

 The separately excited type DC generators are used for
power and lighting purposes.
 The series DC generator is used in arc lamps for lighting,
stable current generator and booster.
 DC generators are used to reimburse the voltage drop
within Feeders.
 DC generators are used to provide a power supply for
hostels, lodges, offices, etc.

4. What are the types of DC Generator?

 Types of DC Generator are:-

 Permanent Magnet DC Generator
 Separately Excited DC Generator
 Self-Excited DC Generator.

8
 5. What are the three types of Self-Excited DC generators?
 Shunt Wound Generators, Compound Wound Generators,
and Series Wound Generators are three types of Self-
Excited DC generators.

6. What are the main parts of a DC generator?

 The main parts of a DC generator are stator, rotor,
armature windings, yoke, poles, pole shoe, commutator,
and brushes.

9
 1. What is AC Generator?
 A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy.

2. What are benefits of AC Generator?

 Advantages of AC generators are:-
 The design of an AC generator is more simple than a DC
generator, and hence it becomes easy to understand
its working principle.
 These generators operate silently, are low
maintenance devices and have the lowest cost of
ownership.
 It does not require voltage matching.
 It is possible to convert the current from AC generators
to other voltage levels using AC transformers.
 AC motors used in AC generators are easy to maintain
and smell-free, unlike DC motors, which have a
significant smell.

3. Where is AC Generator used?

 AC generators are widely used diesel-electric locomotive
alternators, marine alternators, brushless alternators,
automotive alternators and radio alternators.

4. What are the types of AC Generator?

 There are two types of AC generators:-
 Single-Phase AC Generator:- Uses one alternating
current (AC) phase to produce electricity. A single-
phase power is used whereis a common type of
alternating current (AC) used in electricity
generation, transmission, and distribution.
electricity requirement is low.

10
  Three-Phase AC generator:- It is a common type of
alternating current (AC) used in electricity
generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a
type of polyphase system employing three wires (or
four including an optional neutral return wire) and is
the most common method used by electrical grids
worldwide to transfer power.

11
1. What is DC Motor?
 A type of electric machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.

2. What are advantages of DC Motor?

 Operates on DC power supply without a control.
 Inexpensive controls for speed regulation.
 Generally a low-cost motor option.
 Easily pairs with gear reducers.

3. Where is DC Motor Used?

 It is used in elevators, steel mills, rolling mills, locomotives, and
excavators.

4. What are the types od DC Motor?

 There are 3 main types of DC motor that are available: Series,
Shunt and Compound.

12
1. What is AC Motor?
 A motor that converts alternating current into mechanical
power.

2. What are benefits of AC Motor?

 Advantages of AC motors include:-
 Lower startup power demands.
 Better control over starting current levels and acceleration.
 Broader customizability for different configuration
requirements and changing speed and torque requirements.
 Greater durability and longevity.

3. Where is AC Motor used?

 AC motors are a great power source for a number of reasons
such as in pumps, food and beverage machines, automated
conveyer equipment, packaging operations, washing machines,
electric knife sharpeners, office equipment, ovens, and water
heaters

4. What are the types of AC Motor?

 Synchronous Motor:- It is one in which the rotor normally
rotates at the same speed as the revolving field in the machine.
synchronous motors are more suitable for applications that
need constant speed, high power, or precise control, such as
pumps, compressors, or conveyors.

 Induction Motor:- Is an AC electric motor in which the electric

current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by

13
 electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator
winding. An induction motor can therefore be made without
electrical connections to the rotor.

It is of two types:-
 Single Phase Induction Motor:- Consists of a single phase
winding on the stator and a cage winding on the rotor. Some
examples are pumps, refrigerators, fans, compressors, and
portable drills.

 Three Phase Induction Motor:- An electromechanical energy

conversion device which converts 3-phase input electrical
power into output mechanical [Link] to their high
power capacities, three-phase motors are widely used in
many industrial applications. They are also used to power
conveyors, lathes, pressure machining components, grinding
machines, pumps, and more.

14
 1,Explain Digital Logic Circuit with it's types.
 A digital circuit is a circuit where the signal must be one of
two discrete levels. Each level is interpreted as one of two
different [Link] circuits use transistors to create
logic gates in order to perform Boolean logic. Their types
are:-
 Combinational Logic:- It is a type of digital logic which
is implemented by Boolean circuits, where the output
is a pure function of the present input only.

 Sequential Logic:- It is a type of logic circuit whose

output depends on the present value of its input
signals and on the sequence of past inputs, the input
history. This is in contrast to combinational logic,
whose output is a function of only the present input.

 NOR GATE:- It is a digital logic gate that implements

logical NOR it behaves according to the truth table to
the right. A HIGH output results if both the inputs to
the gate are LOW; if one or both input is HIGH, a LOW
output results. NOR is the result of the negation of the
OR operator.

 AND GATE:- is a basic digital logic gate that implements

logical conjunction (∧) from mathematical logic.

 NOT GATE:- It is a logic gate which implements logical

negation. It outputs a bit opposite of the bit that is put
into it. The bits are typically implemented as two
differing voltage levels.

15
  Multiplexer:- It is also known as a data selector, is a
device that selects between several analog or digital
input signals and forwards the selected input to a
single output line. The selection is directed by a
separate set of digital inputs known as select lines.

16
1. What is the electrical power system?
 An electric power system is defined as a network of
electrical components used to supply (generate),
transmit, and consume electric power. An electric power
system that supplies power to homes and industries for a
sizeable region is called an electric grid.

2. What is Active Network?

 An active network contains at least one voltage source or
current source that can supply energy to the network
indefinitely.

3. What is passive network in circuit?

 A passive network is a type of computer network in which each
node works on a predefined function or process.

17
 1. What is wire and what are the use?
 an electrical cable, which can contain a solid core of a single
wire or separate strands in stranded or braided forms. It is
used to bear mechanical loads, often in the form of wire
rope.

2. What are the function of each wire in electrical circuit?

 Earth Wire:- It is use to transfer any leakage current to
ground. It is green in color

 Live Wire:- Carrying current in the circuit. It's also known

as hot [Link] indicate live wire mostly Red and Brown
color is used

 Neutral Wire:- Provides a return path for the current to

flow in. It has zero potential. It is black in colour.

18
1. What is Voltmeter?
 Instrument that measures voltages of either direct or
alternating electric current. The voltmeter is usually
represented by the letter V

2. What is Ammeter?
 A device used to measure either alternating or direct
current. It's SI unit is Ampere

3. What is Ohmmeter.?
 Instrument for measuring electrical resistance, which is
expressed in ohms.

4. What is Ohms Law?

 A formula used to calculate the relationship between
voltage, current and resistance in an electrical circuit.

5. What is the formula of Ohm's Law?

 V=IR where
 V= VOLTAGE
 I= CURRENT
 R= RESISTANT

19
6. What is Cathode Ray?
 The beam of electrons travelling from the negatively-charged
cathode to the positively charged anode at the other end of the
vacuum tube.

7. What is Wattmeter?
 An instrument for measuring the electric active power (or the
average of the rate of flow of electrical energy) in watts of any
given circuit.

8. What is the power meter?

 A Power Meter is one of the most useful and simple
instruments to measure electrical power when no deeper
analysis of the measured data is required.

20
1. What is an open-loop control system?
 An open-loop control system is a system in which the output is
controlled by adjusting the input.

2. What is a closed-loop control system?

 A closed loop control system is a mechanical or electronic
device that automatically regulates a system to maintain a
desired state or set point without human interaction.

3. What are difference between open loop and close loop?

 Open Loop:-
 The controlled action is free from the output in this system.
 It is also known as a non-feedback control system.
 The segments of the hold a controlled process and
controller.
 It is simple to build this system.
 It is unreliable.
 These systems are stable.
 Here optimization is not allowed.
 It provides a quick response.
 These are nonlinear

 Close Loop:-
 Output relies on the controlled act of the system.
 It is also known as a feedback control system.
 The segments contain a controlled process, controller,
amplifier and feedback.
 It is complex to construct this system.
 It is reliable.
21
  The accuracy depends on the feedback.
 These are less stable
 Optimization is allowed here.
 It is sluggish in terms of providing the response.

4. What is RLC Circuit?

When the inductance L, resistance R and capacitor C are connected
in series to an alternating source of voltage.

5. What is current in RLC circuit?

I0=V0ZorIrms=VrmsZ. Here I0 is the peak current, V0 the peak source
voltage, and Z is the impedance of the circuit.

6. What is an RLC function?

RLC provides a segmentation and reassembly function for higher
layer data such as RRC (Radio Resource Control) signalling or user
plane data, in order to ensure higher layer data is the correct size for
transmission over the air interface.

22
1. What is Alternator?
 Source of direct electric current in modern vehicles for ignition,
lights, fans, and other uses.

2 What is function of Alternator?

 Convert chemical energy to electrical energy so that you can
charge and replenish the battery in your engine and other
electrical components in a car.

3. What is Generator?
 A generator is a device that converts motive power or fuel-
based power into electric power for use in an external circuit.

4. What is function of Generator?

 Function of generators is to supply electrical power during a
power outage and prevent discontinuity of daily activities or
disruption of business operations.

5. What are difference between alternator and generator.?

 ALTERNATOR:-
 An alternator is a device that converts mechanical energy
into AC electrical energy.
 An alternator always induces an alternating current.
 Alternators are very efficient.
 Alternators have a higher output than generators.
 Alternators use only the required amount of energy and
thus, it conserves more energy.

23
GENERATOR:-
 A generator is a mechanical device which converts mechanical
energy to either AC or DC electrical energy.
 A generator can generate either alternating or direct current.
 Generators are considered less efficient.
 Generators have a lower output when compared with an
alternator.
 Generators use all the energy that is produced, so they
conserve less energy.

24
1. What are Intrinsic Semiconductors?
 Semiconductors that are chemically pure, in other words, free
from impurities

2. What is meant by extrinsic semiconductors?

 Extrinsic semiconductors are semiconductors that are doped
with specific impurities.

3. What are difference between intrinsic semiconductor and

extrinsic semiconductor?
 INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR:-
o Semiconductor in its purest form.
o It has low conductivity.
o The band gap between the conduction and valence bands
is quite narrow.
o Fermi level can be found in the forbidden energy gap.
o Temperature alone determines electrical conductivity.
o Pure Silicon and Germanium crystalline forms are
examples.
 EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR
o Semiconductor in its impure form.
o It has a higher conductivity than an intrinsic
semiconductor.
o The energy gap is greater than that of an intrinsic
semiconductor.
o Fermi level depends on the type of extrinsic
semiconductor.
o Electrical conductivity in a pure semiconductor is affected
by temperature as well as the quantity of impurity
doping.

25
 o Impurities such as As, Sb, P, In, Bi, Al, and others are
doped with Germanium and Silicon atoms.

26
1. What is laser diode and when you would use one?
 A laser diode is a semiconductor instrument identical to a light-
emitting diode (LED). Laser diode is used for isolating signals
from a supply.

2. What is FPGA?
 Semiconductor devices that are based around a matrix of
configurable logic blocks (CLBs) connected via programmable
interconnects. It's full form is Field Programmable Gate Arrays

3. Why is FPGA used?

 Better Performance.
 Cost Efficiency.
 Parallel Task.
 Performance.
 Prototyping.
 Faster Time to Market.

4. What is two phase motor?

 A system that has two voltages 90 degrees apart.

27
1. What is Rectifier?
 A rectifier is a device that converts an oscillating two-
directional alternating current (AC) into a single-directional
direct current (DC).

2. What is Half-Wave Rectifier?

 A half-wave rectifier converts an AC signal to DC by passing
either the negative or positive half-cycle of the waveform and
blocking the other.

3. What is Full Wave Rectifier?

 A rectifier that converts the complete cycle of alternating
current into pulsating DC.

4. What are difference between Half Wave Rectifier and Full Wave
Rectifier.?
 HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER:-
 An electronic circuit which converts half cycle of
alternating current into direct current is known as half-
wave rectifier.
 No further classification.
 Half wave rectifier requires only one diode.
 In half wave rectifier, only half cycle of AC (either positive
or negative) being rectified.
 The electric current through the load is not continuous.
 The peak inverse voltage for the half wave rectifier is
equal to the maximum value of the input voltage.

28
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
 An electronic circuit that converts the complete cycle of
alternating current into direct current is known as full-
wave rectifier.
 The full-wave rectifier is of two types: center-tapped FWR
and bridge FWR.
 The number of diodes required in a full-wave rectifier are
as center-tapped full wave requires two diode and bridge
full wave requires four diode.
 Full wave rectifier rectifies the both positive and negative
cycles of AC.
 A continuous electric current flows through the load.

29
1. What is Analog Circuit?
 The term "analogue" describes the proportional relationship
between a signal and a voltage or current that represents the
signal.

2. What is use of analog circuit?

 Analog circuit can be used to convert the original signal into
some other format such as a digital signal.

3. What is Digital Circuit?

 A digital circuit is a circuit where the signal must be one of two
discrete levels. Each level is interpreted as one of two different
states.

4. What is AVR?
 An automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is a device used in
generators with the purpose of automatically regulating
voltage, which means that it will turn fluctuating voltage levels
into constant voltage levels.

5. Why is AVR used in electrical engineering?

 AVR is used to provide surge protection against electrical
surges, spikes, and generator overload.

30
1. What is Power Factor?
 It is defined as the cosine of the angle between voltage and
current. Power factor is the measure of how effectively the
incoming power is used in the electrical system.

2. How is the power factor measured?

 The power factor is the cosine of the phase difference between
voltage and current, and as a result, the power factor is
measured using the formula that is:-
 Power Factor = cosɸ, where ɸ is the phase difference between
the voltage and current phasor.

3. What are the causes of low power factor?

 Some causes of low power factor are:-
 The presence of harmonic current in the system reduces
power factor.
 Improper wiring leads to three-phase imbalance causing low
power factor.
 When the system is loaded lightly, the voltage increases,
increasing the magnetization current demand of the
machine. This causes a poor power factor in the system.
 The current drawn by inductive loads is lagging and results in
a poor power factor.

4. What are the effects of low power factor?

 Some effects of low power factor are as follows:-
 Large Copper Losses.
 Large kVA rating.
 Poor Voltage Regulation.
31
5. What is the low power factor correction?
 Low power factor correction is a method of improving the
power factor and therefore, improving the power quality. The
low power factor can be corrected using capacitor banks and
Synchronous Condenser.

32
1. What is motor?
 Motor is machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.

2. What are different Parts of an electric motor?

 A simple motor has the following parts:-
 A power supply:- Mostly DC for a simple motor.
 Field Magnet:- Sould be a permanent magnet or an
electromagnet.
 An Armature or Rotor
 Commutator
 Brushes
 Axle

3. What is the function of motor?

 Power Source:- A simple motor usually has a DC power source.
It supplies power to the motor armature or field coils.
 Commutator:- It is the rotating interface of the armature coil
with a stationary circuit.
 Field Magnet:-The magnetic field helps to produce a torque on
the rotating armature coil by virtue of Fleming’s left-hand rule.
 Armature Core:- Holds the armature coil in place and provides
mechanical support.
 Armature Coil:- It helps the motor to run.
 Brushes:- It is a device that conducts current between
stationary wires and moving parts, most commonly the rotating
shaft.

33
4. What are the uses of an Electric Motor?
 Electric motors are used in a variety of applications. Some of
them are listed below:-
 Drills
 Water Pumps
 Hard Disc Drives
 Washing Machines
 Industrial Equipment

5. Which device converts mechanical work to electrical energy?

 Generator is the device that converts mechanical work to
electrical energy.

6. What is the main function of armature core?

 Armature core helps to hold the armature coil in place and
provides mechanical support.

7. State true or false: Are Electric motors are used in hard disc
drives.?
 True.

34
 1. What is a transformer?
 A transformer is a device used for stepping up or stepping
down AC voltages.

2. What are the three types of transformers based on voltage

level.?
 Based on the voltage level, the transformer is of three types,
and they are as follows:-
 Step-up transformer
 Step-down transformer
 Isolation transformer

3. What are the main parts of a transformer?

 Iron core
 Primary winding
 Secondary winding

4. What is the working principle of the transformer?

 The transformer works on the principle of mutual induction.

5. What is a step-up transformer?

 A step-up transformer is one for which the output voltage is
greater than the input voltage.

6. What is a step-down transformer?

35
  A step-down transformer is one for which the output voltage
is less than the input voltage.

7. Define the turns ratio of the transformer?

 The turns ratio of a transformer is the ratio of the number of
turns in the secondary to that of the primary.

8. What is the working principle of the transformer?

 The transformer works on the principle of mutual induction.

9. How is a transformer made up?

 A basic transformer is made from two coils of wire; a
primary coil from the ac input and a secondary coil leading
to the ac output.

10. What is a transformer?

 A transformer is a device used for stepping up or stepping
down AC voltages. OR A device that transfers electric energy
from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other
circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping
down) the voltage.

11. What is the working principle of the transformer?

 The transformer works on the principle of mutual induction.

36
 12. What are the types of transformer?
 Power Transformers:- A power transformer transfers
electricity between a generator and the distribution primary
circuits.

 Autotransformers:- It technically fall under the category of

large power transformers, but these are generally used as
transmission inter-tie transformers, which can be used in
either step up or step down mode.

 Generator Step-Up Transformers:- It's also called main or

unit transformers. Step Up the voltage from a generator to
the highest transmission voltage for a transmission grid.

 Auxiliary Transformers:-It's used to supply power to a

generating plant’s auxiliary loads (think feed pumps, coolant
pumps, and safety devices that a power plant needs to run).
There are a few different types of auxiliary transformers to
keep track of, but fortunately, we have more acronyms to
make our life easier.

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1. What is Earthing?
 The process in which the instantaneous discharge of the
electrical energy takes place by transferring charges directly
to the earth through low resistance wire.

2. What are the types of earthing

 There are three types of earthing, they are:-
 Pipe Earthing
 Plate Earthing
 Strip Earthing

3. What are Advantages of Earthing?

 Earthing is the safe and the best method of offering safety.
 Metal can be used in electrical installations without looking for
its conductivity, proper earthing ensures that metal does not
transfer current.
 A sudden surge in voltage or overload does not harm the
device and person if proper earthing measures are done.
 It prevents the risk of fire hazards that could otherwise be
caused by the current leakage.

4. Does earthing and grounding mean the same?

 No.

5. Which type of earthing is more efficient?

 Pipe Earthing.

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6. How is earthing done?
 It is carried out by connecting the neutral or non-current
carrying part of the equipment to the ground.

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1. What is meant by overhead lines?
 An overhead power line is a structure used in electric power
transmission and distribution to transmit electrical energy
along large distances. It consists of one or more conductors
(commonly multiples of three) suspended by towers or poles.

2. What are the 5 components of overhead lines?

 An overhead line consists of conductors and ground wires,
towers, insulation, hardware, and foundations.

3. What is overhead line insulator?

 Overhead line insulators are used for transmission, distribution
lines and electrical traction lines.

4. What is an insulator?
 An insulator is a material that resists the. flow of electric
current.

5. What is the use of overhead lines?

 Overhead power lines are used to transmit and distribute
electrical power across long distances, forming a power or
national grid.

6. What is insulator used?

 Electrical insulators are used to hold conductors in position,
separating them from one another and from surrounding
structures.
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7. What is the principle of insulator?
 An electrical insulator is a material in which electric current
does not flow freely. The atoms of the insulator have tightly
bound electrons which cannot readily move. Other materials-
semiconductors and conductors-conduct electric current more
easily.

8. What material is overhead line?

 The bare wire conductors on the line are generally made of
aluminum (either plain or reinforced with steel or composite
materials such as carbon and glass fiber), though some copper
wires are used in medium-voltage distribution and low-voltage
connections.

8. What is the full form of HVDC?

 A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power
transmission system (also called a power superhighway or an
electrical superhighway) uses direct current (DC) for electric
power transmission, in contrast with the more common
alternating current (AC) transmission systems.

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9 What are the three types of power lines?
 The types of transmission lines are:-
 Overhead Transmission Lines.
 Subtransmission Lines.
 Underground Transmission Lines.

10. What is Cable?

 A conductor or group of conductors for transmitting electric
power or telecommunication signals from one place to
another.

11. What are the types of cables?

 Types of cables are:-
 Coaxial Cables
 Twisted Pairs
 Optical Fibers
 Patch Cables
 Power Cables
 Data Cables

12. What is the use of cable?

 A cable is used for power transmission, for telecommunication
signals or to carry electricity.

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