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Module 3

The document discusses the interpretation of data from batch reactors, focusing on homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, and outlines two methods for analyzing kinetic data: integral and differential methods. It details the application of these methods to various reaction orders, including zero-order, first-order, and second-order reactions, along with their respective rate equations and integration techniques. Additionally, it touches on the concept of constant-volume batch reactors and the use of pressure changes for gas reactions with varying mole numbers.

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ritmay008
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9 views16 pages

Module 3

The document discusses the interpretation of data from batch reactors, focusing on homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, and outlines two methods for analyzing kinetic data: integral and differential methods. It details the application of these methods to various reaction orders, including zero-order, first-order, and second-order reactions, along with their respective rate equations and integration techniques. Additionally, it touches on the concept of constant-volume batch reactors and the use of pressure changes for gas reactions with varying mole numbers.

Uploaded by

ritmay008
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Interpretation of Batch reactor Data

• Batch Reactor-Homogeneous reactions


• Flow Reactor-Heterogeneous reactions
• The experimental batch reactor is usually operated isothermally and
at constant volume.

Two Procedures for analyzing the kinetic data- Integral and differential
methods.

In the integral method of analysis


• We guess a particular form of rate equation and,
• After appropriate integration and mathematical manipulation,
• Predict that the plot of a certain concentration function versus time
should yield a straight line.
In the differential method of analysis
• We test the fit of the rate expression to the data directly and without
any integration.
• However, since the rate expression is a differential equation, we
must first find (l/V)(dNldt) from the data before attempting the fitting
procedure.
• CONSTANT-VOLUME BATCH REACTOR
It means the volume of reaction mixture is constant, and not the volume
of reactor.

For ideal gases Ci=p/RT

• For gas reactions with changing numbers of moles, a simple way of


finding the reaction rate is to follow the change in total pressure of
the system
• The Conversion

And

Integral method of Analysis


Irreversible Unimolecular-Type First-Order Reactions

Suppose we wish to test the first-order rate equation of the following type
• In terms of conversion
CA/CA0=1-XA
-ln(1-XA)=kt

Limitations
Zero-Order Reactions. A reaction is of zero order when the rate of
reaction is independent of the concentration of materials
APdts

-dCA/dt=k
-dCA=kdt
Separation and Integration
-dCA=kdt

∫dCA=k ∫dt

At t=0 Concentration=CA0
t=t Concentration=CA

CA0-CA=kt-----(1)
• Interms of conversion
CA=CA0(1-XA)
CA=CA0-CA0XA
CA0-CA=CA0XA-----(2)

Compare (2) and (1)


CA0XA=kt

XA=(k/CA0)t

This equation is in y =m x form


• Test for a zero-order reaction, or rate equation
• Empirical rate equation of nth order
A  Pdts
The rate eqn becomes
-rA = -dCA/dt=kCAn
Separation and Integration
-dCA/dt=kCAn
-dCA/CAn=kdt
-∫dCA/CAn=k∫dt

At t=0 Concentration=CA0
t=t Concentration=CA

-∫CA-ndCA=k∫dt
-[CA-n+1/-n+1] CA0CA = kt

1/n-1 [1/Can-1] CA0CA = kt


• Irreversible Bimolecular-Type Second Order Reaction

• with corresponding rate equation

• In terms of conversion

Noting that the amounts of A and B that have reacted at any time t are
equal

Separation and Integration,


• Use the method of partial fractions
• Suppose if M=1, complicated. Thus, for the second-order reaction
with equal initial concentrations of A and B, we have
2AProducts
The rate eqn becomes

Separation, -dCA/CA2=kdt
Limits,
At t=0 Concentration=CA0
t=t Concentration=CA
Integration
-∫dCA/CA2=k∫dt
-{-1/CA} = kt
Substitute the limits
(1/CA)-(1/CA0) = kt
Or
(1/CA)=(1/CA0) + kt

This is Y =C +mX form


In terms of conversion

Separation

Integration

Use the substitution integration method


• Take
1-xA=y At xA=0 ; y=1
-dxA=dy At xA=xA ;y =1-xA
• Homogeneous catalyzed reactions
A R; reaction rate constant k1
A+C R+C; reaction rate constant k2

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