Java Full Stack
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gunapatisuresh782Java Full Stack
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gunapatisuresh782JAVA FULL STACK
Step 1: What is Java?
● J ava is ahigh-level, object-oriented programminglanguagedeveloped bySun
Microsystemsin 1995 (now owned by Oracle).
● It is used to builddesktop, web, mobile, and enterpriseapplications.
Step 2: Java Installation
● To write and run Java programs, you need:
○ JDK– Java Development Kit (contains compiler, tools)
○ JRE– Java Runtime Environment (contains JVM to runprograms)
○ IDE (Optional)– Tools likeEclipse,NetBeans, orIntelliJto help write code
Step 3: Write Java Code.
● A basic Java program looks like this:
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link]("Hello, Java!");
}
}
Step 4: Save the File
S
● ave the code in a file named[Link]
● The file name must match the class name (HelloWorld)
Step 5: Compile the Code
● Use the Java compiler from the terminal or command prompt:
javac [Link]
· This creates a[Link]file (bytecode)
Step 6: Run the Program
● Run the compiled file using JVM:
java HelloWorld
Output:
Hello, Java!
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JAVA FULL STACK
Step 7: Java Program Structure
C
● lass: Java code is organized in classes.
● main() method: Entry point of any Java program.
● [Link](): Used to print output to console.
Step8: Java Data Types
Examples:
· int number = 10;
· double price = 99.99;
· String name = "Suresh";
· boolean isJavaFun = true;
Step 9: Control Statements
● if, else, switch
●
for, while, do-while
loops
if (number > 5) {
[Link]("Number is big!");
}
Step 10: Object-Oriented Features
● Java uses
classes and objects
.
●
You define
methods, variables, constructors
in a class.
class Car {
String model;
void start() {
[Link]("Car started");
}
}
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Types of application:
1. Standalone Application (Desktop Application)
● Runsindependently on a single machine
● Doesnot requirea network or internet connection(usually)
● Installed manually on the system
Examples:
● MS Word
● Calculator
● VLC Media Player
2. Web-Based Application
● Runson a web server
● Accessed through aweb browser
● Requiresinternet connection
● User doesn't need to install it
Examples:
● Gmail
● YouTube
● Online Shopping Sites (Amazon, Flipkart)
Web Application Architecture (Simple Explanation)
eb application architecturedefines thestructureof how different components of a web
W
app communicate with each other — from the user's browser to the backend server and
database.
Basic Web Application Architecture Includes:
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1. Client-Side (Frontend)
● What the user sees and interacts with
● Runs in the web browser
● Built using:
○ HTML, CSS
○ JavaScript (React, Angular, [Link])
2. Server-Side (Backend)
● Handles business logic and data processing
● Responds to client requests
● Built using:
○ Java (Servlets, JSP, Spring Boot)
○ Python (Django, Flask)
○ PHP, [Link], etc.
3. Database
● Stores the application's data
● Connected to the backend
● Types:
○ SQL: MySQL, PostgreSQL
○ NoSQL: MongoDB
4. Web Server
● Handles incoming client requests (HTTP/HTTPS)
● Sends data to and from the backend
● Examples: Apache, Nginx, Tomcat
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5. Application Server
● Hosts the backend logic and services
● Often combined with the web server (like in Tomcat for Java)
Flow of a Web Application:
User (Browser)
↓
Frontend (HTML, JS)
↓ HTTP Request
Web Server (Apache/Tomcat)
↓
Backend (Java, PHP, etc.)
↓
Database (MySQL, MongoDB)
↓
Backend → Web Server → Client (Response)
Example:Java-Based Web App Architecture
● Frontend: HTML + CSS + JS
● Backend: Java (Servlets, JSP, or Spring Boot)
● Database: MySQL
● Server: Apache Tomcat
Web application consition three types :
1) Frontend (Client-side)
● What theuser seesand interacts with
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● Runs in theweb browser
● Built using:
○ HTML– Structure
○ CSS– Styling
○ JavaScript– Interactivity
○ Frameworks: React, Angular, [Link]
xample:
E
Buttons, forms, navigation menus, website layout
2) Backend (Server-side)
● Handleslogic,processing, anddata communication
● Runs on aweb server
● Built using languages like:
○ Java(Spring Boot, Servlets, JSP)
○ Python(Django, Flask)
○ PHP,[Link],.NET
Responsibilities:
● Process requests from frontend
● Connect to database
● Send responses back to frontend
3) Database
● Storespersistent dataused by the web app
● Backend communicates with it using queries
Types:
● SQL Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle
● NoSQL Databases: MongoDB, Firebase
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Stores:
● User info
● Login details
● Orders, messages, etc.
Simple Diagram (Text Format):
Frontend (HTML/CSS/JS)
↓
Sends request
↓
Backend (Java, Python, etc.)
↓
Talks to Database (MySQL, MongoDB)
↓
Sends data back
↓
Frontend displays result to user
Type of codes:
1. If a set of instructions is human-readable, is it called high-level code.
Answer:
If a set of instructions (code) is understandable by humans, it is called high-level code or
high-level programming language.
What is High-Level Code?
● Written in human-readable format
● Easier to learn and write
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U
● ses English-like syntax and keywords
● Must be compiled or interpreted to run on a computer
Examples:
[Link]("Hello, World!");
// Java
print("Hello, World!")
// Python
.If a set of instructions is in binary, it is called Low-Level Code or
2
Machine Code.
What is Low-Level Code?
● Written in binary (0s and 1s)
● Directly understood by the computer's CPU
● Very fast and efficient for machines
● Hard for humans to read or write
● Closest form to hardware
Example:
10110000 01100001
(This might instruct the CPU to load a value into a register)
Types of Low-Level Code:
1. Machine Code
○ Pure binary instructions
○ Directly executed by CPU
2. Assembly Language
MOV
○ Slightly readable (uses mnemonics like ADD
, )
○ Needs to be translated to machine code using an assembler
.If a set of instructions is partially human-readable and partially
3
machine-readable, is it called intermediate-level code?"
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Corrected Understanding:
es, a set of instructions that is between high-level and low-level code is often
Y
called intermediate code or intermediate-level code.
What is Intermediate-Level Code?
It is not fully human-readable like high-level code
●
● It is not fully machine code either
● It is partially readable and designed for execution by a virtual
machine (VM)
Examples of Intermediate-Level Code:
1. Bytecode (Java)
.javafiles
○ Produced after compiling
○ Executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
[Link]
Example file:
○
2. MSIL / CIL (.NET)
○ Microsoft Intermediate Language
○ U sed in C#, [Link] – runs on the .NET CLR (Common
Language Runtime)
3. LLVM IR
○ Intermediate Representation used in compilers like
Clang/LLVM
Summary Table:
Code Type Readable by Example
igh-Level
H Humans Java, Python
Code
Intermediate irtual
V ava
J
Code Machines Bytecode
ow-Level
L PU
C ssembly,
A
Code (Machines) Binary
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4. Is high-level code also binary code?
➤No, high-level code is not binary code.
Here's the correct explanation:
High-Level Code:
● Written in human-readable language (like Java, Python, C++)
● Looks like English instructions
● NOT binary
● M
ust be translated into binary (machine code) using a compiler or
interpreter
Example (Java):
[Link]("Hello, World!");
Binary Code (Machine Code):
● Low-level code
● Written in 0s and 1s
● Understood directly by the CPU
● Looks like:
10110000 01100001
How it works:
High-Level Code (Java, Python)
↓
Compiler / Interpreter
↓
Intermediate Code (Bytecode, etc.)
↓
Machine Code (Binary)
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↓
CPU Executes
Final Point:
🔸
High-level code is not binary,
🔸
But it gets converted into binary so the machine can run it.
5 .Is intermediate-level code also binary code?
➤
Partially Yes — it's a type of low-level, non-human-readable
code, but not raw binary machine code.
Example:Java Bytecode
.javasource code by the Java compiler(
● Generated from j
avac
)
.classfiles
● Stored in
● Executed by theJVM (Java Virtual Machine)— not theCPU directly
● Appears in binary-like format, but it’splatform-independent
// High-level code
[Link]("Hello");
Compiled:
// Intermediate code (Bytecode)
0: getstatic
3: ldc
6: invokevirtual
Answer:
Intermediate code
is not raw binary machine code
,
but it
can be in a binary format
(like bytecode) that
is understood by a
virtual machine
, not directly by
the CPU.
Note:
Execution of a Java Program
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Steps in Java Program Execution:
1. Write Source Code
Code is written in a
.java
file using a high-level
language.
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link]("Hello, World!");
}
}
2. Compile the Code
●
Use the
Java Compiler (
javac
)
to compile the
.java
file.
javac [Link]
●
This creates a file called
[Link]
containing
bytecode
.
3. Bytecode is Generated
●
The
.class
file contains
intermediate code (bytecode)
●
Bytecode is
platform-independent
4. Execution by JVM
●
Use the
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
to run the bytecode.
java Hello
●
The
JVM interprets or JIT-compiles
the bytecode into
machine code
specific to the system.
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Output:
Hello, World!
Java Execution Flow:
Source Code (.java)
↓ javac
Bytecode (.class)
↓ JVM
Machine Code → Output
Summary Points:
●
Java code is
compiled
into
bytecode
●
Bytecode is
executed by the JVM
, not directly by the
CPU
●
Java is
platform-independent
because of the JVM
MODULE:1
Language funcation
●
Intaduction
●
Keywords
●
Datatypes & variables
●
Operatores
●
Contral Statement
●
Methods
●
Identifiers
●
Scanner
●
Arrays
●
Strings
Module:2
Object oriented programing
●
Introduction
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●
Static & Non-static memters
●
Class & object
●
Memory management
●
Constructors
●
Inheritance
●
Constritance
●
Type casting
●
Method OVerloding
●
Polymorphism
●
Atstraction
●
Encapsutution
●
Enum & Imer Class
●
Has-A Relationship
Module:3
Core Java litraries.
●
Introduction
●
Class object
●
Exception handling
●
Class string
●
String Buffer & string Builder
●
Wrapper class
●
File handing
●
Threads
●
Collction framework
Program Languages:
A program is a set of instructions that performs a
caution task.
Syntax:
Rules & rugiutation to be followed when writing
program.
Basic Syntax:
for writing a java program consists of
two
part
❖Class
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❖Main Method
Class it’is most basic functionental unit of writing
java program
Main Method:
Enter point for execution inside a java program
Class ClassName{
Public static void main(String[] args){
[Link](“Welcom to java”);
}
}
➔If is a predefined statement syntax in java
●
The programer can make use of there statement to
display content on the output seres.
●
String type values can be enclassed in””.
●
Character values student be enclosed in ||.
●
Number are should be enclosed in drittiely.
Program:
class Program{
Public static void main(String[] args){
[Link](“Jspiders BTM”);
[Link](143);
[Link](3.45);
[Link](‘J’);
[Link](true);
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[Link](flase);
}
}
Output:
Jspiders BTM
143
3.45
J
true
False
❖Write a java program to display the following
details.
Class Suresh{
Public static void main(String[] args){
[Link](“[Link]”);
[Link](“2021-2025”);
[Link](‘7.2’);
[Link](‘M’);
[Link](true);
}
}
Practical Execution:-
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1.
Open Notepad++.
●
Select Language
●
Type the program
2.
Save the program.
➔
File Name (classname)
➔
File extension (.java)
➔
Location
[Link] CMD.
➔
Javac [Link]
➔
Java classname
Java program Lifecycle:-
➔ The programmer creates the source code and saves it in the
computer by providing a filename and “Java” file extension.
➔ The “Java” file is given to javac,it will check the program for
mistakes.
● If mistakes are found it will display error messages.
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● If mistakes are not found it will generate “class” file with
Bycode.
● The bycode present in the”Class” file is executed by the
JVM with the help of it’s sub-system inside the JRE to
provide output.
● Programmer perform basic output analysis.
Javac:-
➔ It is the name of out java compiler.
➔ The compiler will take source code present in “Java” file as an input and
checks for compile time error.
➔ If compiler finds the error it will display appropriate error message.
➔ If no error is found if will generate”Class” file with byte code.
➔ The”Class” file generated by the compiler will always has same name
as the classname.
Bytecode:-
➔ It is the intermittent level code in java language.
➔ The byte code is generated by the compiler and is present inside
“Class” file.
➔ The byte code is not num an readable.
➔ The JVM make use of byte code for execution is also known as java.
JVM:-Java virtual machine.
➔ It is the execution engine of java programming language.
➔ The JVM execution the byte code to provide o/p.
➔ The JVM will control all the actiutes in the Runtime.
➔ It is a virtual [Link] does not hava a physical existence.
JRE:-Java Runtime Environment
➔ JVM internaly makes use of/subsystem during program execution.
❖ Loder
❖ Memory manger
❖ Linkers
❖ Verifier
❖ Event handlers
➔ All these tools combined together is known as jre.
➔ All activities in the jre is conterlled by the jvm.
The “+” operator:-
➔ In java we can use the ”+” to perform the following two operation.
● Addition
● Coneateration
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Order of Execution:-
➔ The default order of execution in the java program in tep to bottom and
left to right.
0+10—-->20
1
“10”+”10”---->”1010”
“10”+10—-->”1010”
10+”10”------->”1010”
“A”+10—---->”A10”
‘A’+10—------>75
Note:-
In java erery character value is internally represented as a numbers
clerired from UNI CODE system.
‘A’ ‘Z’
| |
65 90
‘a’ ‘z’
| |
97 122
‘0’ ‘9’
| |
48 57
Comments:-
➔ Comments are used by the programmer description or explanation
about the java programs.
➔ In java the programmer writ comments in they are two types.
● Single line comment
● Multiple Linecomment
➔ Comments do not have any impact on program exeaction.
➔ The main goal of comment is to males the programmer easy to read
and understend.
Program:-
/*
Aim: To demonstrate the use of comments
Author: Gunapati Suresh
Unit: JSpiders-btm
Batch: Java afternoon 12
*/
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lass Demo
C
{
//Entery point for execution in side java program
Public static void main(String[] argos)
{
[Link](“Hello,World”);
}
}
Keywords:-
➔ Key words are in build works that have speciacnasy as a programmer
we can use keyword but we.
➔ In java keywords are always completely in lower.
➔ General keywords appear in a shade of blue collars.
➔ As per java version 1.8 the have a total of 53 keywords.
Keywords (53 total):-
bstract, assert, boolean, break, byte, case, catch, char, class, const
A
(reserved, not used),continue, default, do, double,else, enum, extends,
final, finally, float, for, goto(reserved, not used),if, implements, import,
Instanceof, int, interface, long, native, new, package, private, protected,
public, return, short, static, strictfp, super, switch, synchronized, this,
Throw, throws, transient, try, void, volatile, while
Additional reserved literals (sometimes counted separately, making53+):
True, false, null
Note:- Goto and const keywords are not used directlyin java programming.
atatypes and variables:-
D
Datatypes and variables will help the programmer to store values inside java
program.
Data Types:-
atatypes are programming help to determine what type of value can be stored
D
inside a variable.
➔ In java data type are classified two types is primitive.
❖ Primitive.
❖ Primitive data type.
❖ Non primitive data type.
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Primitive:-
➢
Primitive are predefined data types.
➢ Primitives are used to declare variable.
➢ Java provides a total of 8 primitive
Primitive:-
Byte—--->1-Byte
Short —--->2-Byte
Int—------->4-Byte
Long—--->8-Byte
Float—--->4-Byte
Double—-->8-Byte
Char—------>2-Byte
Boolean—--->1-Bit
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METHODS:-
Defination:-
➔
A method is a named block of code that is reusable in nature.
➔ Method are alos known as functions.
Syntax:-
For creating a method consists of tow ports.
. M
1 ethod Declaration
2. Method Defination
<access-modifier><modifier>retuntype methodname(<arguments>)
<> If’s not mandatory,It’s optional
{
➔ Method Defination
}
➔
method should always be declared directly in the class body.
A
➔ In java gets executed only when it as called.
➔ One a method is created it can be called n-number of times.
➔ In a class on our depending on our requirement,we can develop n number of
methods.
➔
Methods will make the program modular making it easy to read maintain and modify.
Programs:1
class Demo{
static void play()
{
[Link]("Executing Play().....");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
[Link]("Progerm Starts");
play();//Method Call
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[Link]("Progerm End");
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Progerm Starts
Executing Play().....
Progerm End
Programs:2
class Demo2{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
[Link]("Program Starts");
help();
help();
help();
[Link]("Progerm End");
}
static void help()
{
[Link]("Exacution help().....");
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Program Starts
Exacution help().....
Exacution help().....
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Exacution help().....
Progerm End
Programs:3
class Demo3{
static void read()
{
[Link]("Executing read()....");
}
static void write()
{
[Link]("Executing write()....");
}
static void edit()
{
[Link]("Executing edit().....");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
write();
edit();
read();
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Executing write()....
Executing edit().....
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Executing read()....
Programs:4
class Demo4{
static void send()
{
int a=10;
[Link]("Value : "+a);
if (a%2==0){
[Link]("Even Number");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
send();
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Value : 10
Even Number
Programs:5
class Demo5{
static void send()
{
[Link]("Text Starts");
[Link]("Text End");
}
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static void disp()
{
[Link]("Disp Starts");
send();
[Link]("Disp Ends");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
[Link]("Main Starts");
disp();
[Link]("Main Ends");
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Main Starts
Disp Starts
Text Starts
Text End
Disp Ends
Main Ends
PASSING VALUES:-
● It’is of conupt of sending values from calling method to called method
CALLING METHOD CALLED METHOD
Program:1
class Demo1{
static void test(double arg)
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{
[Link]("Value : "+arg);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
test(4.5);
test(6.7);
test(7.5);
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Value : 4.5
Value : 6.7
Value : 7.5
Program:2
class Demo2{
static void addition(int a,int b)
{
int sum=a+b;
[Link](a+" + "+b+" = "+sum);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
addition(12,13);
}
}
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OUTPUT:-12 + 13 = 25
❖
ormal arguments are variables are created in the method declaration.
F
❖ Actual arguments are the values provided when calling the method.
❖ Passing values is how we can provide input for a method.
❖ Iff necessary the programmer pass multiple values by declaring multiple argument.
❖ When passing multiple values arguments should be separated with comma.
RETURNING VALUS:-
➔ It’is a concept the sending a value from called method back to calling method.
CALLING METHOD CALLED METHOD
➔ To return a value the programmer has to following three step.
1. Declare return type based on value to be returned.
2. Return a compatible value using “Return” keyword.
3. Capture the returned value inside calling method.
Program:1
class Demo1{
static int test()
{
return 10;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int val=test();
[Link]("Returned value : "+val);
[Link]("Returned value : "+test());
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Returned value : 10
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Program:2
class Demo2{
static double play()
{
return 2.3;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
double d=play();
[Link]("Returned value : "+d);
[Link]("Returned value : "+play());
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Returned value : 2.3
Program:3
class Demo3 {
static boolean help() {
return true;
}
static char disp() {
return 'J';
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
char ch = disp();
[Link]("Returned value : " + ch);
[Link]("Returned value : " + help());
}
}
UTPUT:-
O
Returned value : J
Returned value : true
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Verify()
➔ The verify () Method should task a integer argument.
➔ Check if given argument is even or odd.
➔ If even return true to the called if odd return false to the called.
Program:-
public class Pattern4 {
static int square(int n)
{
int sq=n*n;
return sq;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
for(int a=1;a<=5;a++)
{
[Link](a+"square : "+square(a));
}
}
}
Output:-
1square : 1
2square : 4
3square : 9
4square : 16
5square : 25
2). public class Pattern4 {
static boolean verify(int arg) {
if (arg % 2 == 0) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean val = verify(10);
[Link]("Return value : " + val);
[Link]("Return value : " + verify(15));
}
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JAVA FULL STACK
}
utput:-
O
Return value : true
Return value : false
Recussion in methods:
➔ A method are methods is set to be recursion in the following to
senarow.
➔
In this cenariow that called method males call back to It’s calling
method.
Program:
public class Pattern4 {
static void text() {
[Link]("Executing text()...");
disp();
}
static void disp() {
[Link]("Executing disp()....");
test();// This method is missing; we needto define it
}
static void test() {
[Link]("Executing test()....");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
text();
}
}
Output:-
Executing text()...
Executing disp()....
Executing test()....
Cenariow-2
➔ The cenariow executing method makes a call to it self.
public class Pattern4 {
static void play() {
[Link]("Executing play()...");
disp();
}
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JAVA FULL STACK
static void disp() {
[Link]("Executing disp()....");
test(); // Call test instead of play to avoid recursion
}
static void test() {
[Link]("Executing test()....");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
play(); // Start with play()
}
}
utput:-
O
Executing play()...
Executing disp()....
Executing test()....
➔
If recursion under control it will cases stake overflow error.
➔
If programmer using recursion the programmer responsible to make
sure runcation happed to a controlled manner.
public class Pattern5 {
static void display(int a) {
[Link](a);
if (a < 5) { // No semicolon here
a++;
display(a); // Recursion until a ==5
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
display(1); // Start from 1
}
}
Output:-
1
2
3
4
5
public class Pattern6 {
static void text() {
[Link]("Executing text()");
}
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JAVA FULL STACK
static void disp(int a) {
[Link]("Executing disp() with value: " + a);
}
static int play() {
return 10;
}
static boolean help(int x) {// fixed spelling
return x > 0;// example condition
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
text();
disp(5);
[Link]("play() returned: " + play());
[Link]("help(3) returned: " + help(3));
}
}
Output:-
Executing text()
Executing disp() with value: 5
play() returned: 10
help(3) returned: true
Identifiers:-
➔
Any name that is given by the programmer is called as identifiers.
➔As a programmer it’is our responsibility to provide.
Rules for identifiers:-name should always beige withalphabets.
➔
Numbers can be used in identifiers but not as the first character.
➔“$” and”_” can be used bursitis not recomenuded.
➔Keyword connot be used by identifiers.
➔Identifiers cannot has blank space” “
Industry standend namming counuction:-
➔In case of class names first letter of every word should be in
capital letter (Upper case).
Eg:- lass Karthik
C
Class Demo
Class Suresh
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
33
JAVA FULL STACK
➔
Method names and variable name.
➔In case method names and variable names the first word
complicity small letters (Lower case) and sub equations word are
the first letter will be in capital letters (Upper case).
Eg:- int age;
Double profilename
Class teacher
Scanner:-
Scanner is predefined program pregent in the java program.
● The programmer can make use of scanner to ruled user input
Step used to scanner:-
➔
Import scanner from java util package.
➔Create an object/Instance of scanner.
➔Read value by calling the method of scanner.
Data type Method
yte
B ext Byte()
N
Short Next Short()
Int Next Int()
Long Next Long()
Float Next Float()
Double Next Double()
Char NA
Boolean Next Boolean
String Next () or Next time
Note:-There is not direct method or was to read chartypevalue.
import [Link];
class Program {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scn = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter the value");
int val = [Link]();
[Link]("Value: " + val);
[Link]();// closes the scanner
}
}
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JAVA FULL STACK
utput:-
O
Enter the value
42
Value: 42
Arrays:-
Definition:-An array is a finite set of homogenoasvalues.
inite:-Array are fixed in size
F
Set:-Array contain a group of value
Homogenoas:-Array contain values group of values
➔In java the programmer can create arrays two ways
● Using dimensions
● Using array intialzations
Using dimensions:-
Point:-In these approach will create an array byproviding the
datatype and size of the array.
Syntax:-
Datatype[] variblename = new datatype [int arr];
Example:-
Int[] arr1 = new int [10];
Double[] arr2= new double [5];
Char[] arr3= new char [7];
Using array intialzations:-
➔In these approach array created by providing the datatype and
actual value.
Syntax:-
Datatype[] variblename {value1,value2,value3…..value11};
Example:-
Int[] value = {7,5,18,27,4,8};
Double[] cgpa ={8.9,7.8,8.8,8.9,8.7};
Char[] vowel = {‘a’,’e’,’i’,’o’,’u’};
➔When ever we create an array the JVM allocates contiguous block
of memory based on the datatype and size of the array.
➔The block of memory internally divided of segments of equal size.
➔Each segment an array can be access using index values.
<Gunapati Suresh />
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35
JAVA FULL STACK
➢
Sub point 1:-Index values always begins with ‘0’.
➢Sub point 2:-Index values always ends at [Link]-1.
g:- Int[] arr = new int[5];
E
int[] arr = new int[7];
double[] value = new double[5];
c har[] vowel = new char[6];
Char [] vowel = {‘a’,’e’,’i’,’o’,’u’};
ouble[] value = new double[4];
D
Double[] value = {0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5};
● When ever we create an array dimension approach if will initially
contain default value.
Note:-Byte,short,long,int—--->0
float,double—--->00
char—------->100000
boolean—--->flase
other—------->null
Array Ength:-
➔Every array in java has pre defined property length called
length which can be used by the programmer to dilermine
size or capacity of an array.
1. Int[] arr=new int[5];
[Link]([Link]);---->5
2. Int[] iArr={14,10,15,17,16,18,19};
[Link]([Link]);---->7
3. Int[] dArr=new double[10];
[Link]([Link]);---->10
4. Char[] ch={‘j’,’a’,’v’,’a’};
[Link]([Link]);---->4
Note:- Array indexout of bond exception.
➔If the programmer try to acapt the walid exception if will case
AIooBE
class Array{
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
36
JAVA FULL STACK
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] arr= {13,12,17,14,15};
[Link]("Before Sorting");
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++) {
[Link](arr[i]);
}
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++)
{
for(int j=i+1;j<[Link];j++)
{
if(arr[i]>arr[j])
{
int t=arr[i];
arr[i]=arr[j];
arr[j]=t;
}
}
}
[Link]("After Sorting");
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++) {
[Link](arr[i]);
}
}
}
Output:-
Before Sorting
13
12
17
14
15
After Sorting
12
13
14
15
17
Important Questions:-
. Why java is considered as platform independent?
1
2. What is JDK?
3. What is JVM?
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
37
JAVA FULL STACK
. What is JRE?
4
5. What is JAVAC?
6. What is Bytecode?
7. What are Keywords?
8. What are Datatypes?
9. What are Primitives?
10. What are Variables?
11. What is Re-Initialization? How to prevent Re-Initialization?
12. How to create constant values in java?
13. What are operaters?
14. Difference between = and == operator?
15. Difference between post and pre operator?
16. What is Operator Overloading?
17. Can we write else statement in a java program directly?
18. After IF how many else can be written?
19. After IF how many else-if can be written?
20. What is the use of default in switch statement?
21. What is the use of break in switch statement?
22. Difference between for loop and while loop?
23. Difference between while loop and do-while loop?
24. What are Methods?
25. Explain Passing Values?
26. Explain Returning Values?
27. What is Recursion in Methods?
28. What are Identifiers?
29. What is Scanner and How to use?
30. What are Arrays?
odule-2
M
Trick-1
➔ It’is possible for the filename class name to the different but if is at
recommended.
➔ If the file and class name are different we should compile using the file name
execute using class name.
➔ [Link] file generated by the compiler will always hava the same name as
the class name.
lass karthik
C
{ —-----------------------> Box —--------------->
<Gunapati Suresh />
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38
JAVA FULL STACK
} j[Link] [Link] java Deepika
[Link]
H
Trick-2
➔ It’is possible to create, save and compile a java program without main
[Link] ever we cannot execute without main method.
Trick-3
➔ It’is possible to declare multiple class inside a single source fine.
➔ In these scenario programmer responsibility to provide a meaningful file
name.
➔ The compiler will generate as separate. Class file for each and erery class fill.
ox
B ox
B ox
B
[Link]
A [Link]
B [Link]
Trick-4
➔ If a class is a declare as a public it is mandatary the file name to be same as
class name.
lass Demo
C ublic class Demo
p
{ {
} }
[Link]
D [Link]
D
It is allowed—--->[Link] If is—------->[Link]
Bout not recommended—------>[Link] not required—-->[Link]
C.T.E
ote:-
N
In a signal source file only one class can be declare as public.
STATIC AND NON-STATIC MEMBERS:-
➔Any variable or method which is declared directly in class body is
known as members.
Static members:-
➔Static members are declared with static keyword.
➔Static members can be access from out side class using class
name.
Program:-
emo
D
X: int static
Test(): void static
<Gunapati Suresh />
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39
JAVA FULL STACK
class Naveen {
static int x = 100;
static void test() {
[Link]("Exeuting test().....");
}
}
public class Maniclass3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](Naveen.x);
[Link]();
}
}
Output:-
100
Exeuting test().....
ample
S
a: int static
b: double static
play() : void static
disp(): void static
class Naveen {
static int a = 100;
static double b=8.9;
static void play(){
[Link]("Exeuting play().....");
}
static void disp()
{
[Link]("Exeuting disp().....");
}
}
public class Maniclass3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](Naveen.a);
[Link](Naveen.b);
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
40
JAVA FULL STACK
utput:-
O
100
8.9
Exeuting play().....
Exeuting disp().....
Non-Static Members:-
➔ Any member that is using static keyword is called as a non-static member.
Note:-
● Non static member can be access by creating a object.
Program:-
tility
U
P: int static
Q: int
test(): void static
play(): void
class Utility {
static int p = 10;
int q = 20;
static void test() {
[Link]("Exeuting test().....");
}
void play() {
[Link]("Exeuting play().....");
}
}
public class Mainclass4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Utility ref = new Utility();
[Link](Utility.p);
[Link](ref.q);
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
Output:-
10
20
Exeuting test().....
Exeuting play().....
2).class Delta {
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
41
JAVA FULL STACK
int a = 50;
char b = 'J';
void disp() {
[Link]("Executing disp().....");
}
void help() {
[Link]("Executing help().....");
}
}
public class Mainclass2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Delta ex = new Delta(); // use Delta, not Example
[Link](ex.a);
[Link](ex.b);
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
Output:-
50
J
Executing disp().....
Executing help().....
).class Delta
3
{
int x=143;
void test()
{
[Link]("Executing test()....");
}
}
public class Mainclass1
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
[Link](new Delta().x);
new Delta().test();
}
}
Output:-
143
Executing test()....
➔ Can we access Non-static members using class name?
● No java syntax does not allow.
➔ Can we access static members using object?
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
42
JAVA FULL STACK
Yes but it is not recommended as it leads to unnecessary dependency.
●
➔ How to create and access static members?
● We can create with static keyword and access using class name.
➔ How to create and access Non-static members?
● We can create directly without static keyword and access by creating object.
➔ What are data members/member variables?
● Variables which are declared directly inside the class body are called as data
members/member variables.
● They can be declared with or without static keyword.
➔ What are member function?
● Methods which are declared directly inside the class body are called as
member function.
● They can be declared with or without static keyword.
Class and object:-
1).class Student{
String name;
double cgpa;
void study(){
[Link](name+" is studying");
}
void write(){
[Link](name+" is writing the cgpa is "+cgpa);
}
}
public class Mainclass5{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Student s1=new Student();
[Link]="Karthik";
[Link]=7.5;
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]("------------------------------------");
Student s2=new Student();
[Link]="Suresh";
[Link]=8.0;
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
utput:-
O
Karthik is studying
Karthik is writing the cgpa is 7.5
------------------------------------
Suresh is studying
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
43
JAVA FULL STACK
Suresh is writing the cgpa is 8.0
).class Emplotee
2
{
int eid;
double ctc;
void work(){
[Link](eid+" is working the ctc is "+ctc);
}
}
public class Mainclass6
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Emplotee e1=new Emplotee();
[Link]=100;
[Link]=4.5;
[Link]();
[Link]("-------------------------------------");
Emplotee e2=new Emplotee();
[Link]=101;
[Link]=4.6;
[Link]();
[Link]("-------------------------------------");
Emplotee e3=new Emplotee();
[Link]=103;
[Link]=4.7;
[Link]();
}
}
Output:-
100 is working the ctc is 4.5
-------------------------------------
101 is working the ctc is 4.6
-------------------------------------
103 is working the ctc is 4.7
3).class Player {
String name;
int number;
void play() {
[Link](name + " is the player with number " + number);
}
<Gunapati Suresh />
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44
JAVA FULL STACK
}
public class Mainclass7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Player p1 = new Player();
[Link] = "Rohit";
[Link] = 23;
[Link]();
[Link]("--------------------------------");
Player p2 = new Player();
[Link] = "Virat";
[Link] = 18;
[Link]();
[Link]("--------------------------------");
Player p3 = new Player();
[Link] = "Dhoni";
[Link] = 7;
[Link]();
}
}
Output:-
Rohit is the player with number 23
--------------------------------
Virat is the player with number 18
--------------------------------
Dhoni is the player with number 7
4).class Mobile{
String model;
double price;
void call(){
[Link]("Calling in "+model);
}
void message(){
[Link]("Message in "+model+" its price is "+price+" lakhs");
}
}
public class Mainclass8{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Mobile m1=new Mobile();
[Link]="poco";
[Link]=150000;
[Link]();
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
45
JAVA FULL STACK
[Link]();
m
[Link]("----------------------");
Mobile m2=new Mobile();
[Link]="I phone 15";
[Link]=100000;
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]("----------------------");
}
}
Output:-
Calling in poco
Message in poco its price is 150000.0 lakhs
----------------------
Calling in I phone 15
Message in I phone 15 its price is 100000.0 lakhs
----------------------
5).class Bike {
int cc;
double milage;
void drive() {
[Link]("Driving Bike with cc " + cc + " Milage " + milage);
}
}
public class Mainclass9 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bike ktm = new Bike();
[Link] = 390;
[Link] = 14.0;
[Link]();
[Link]("-------------------------------");
Bike re = new Bike();
[Link] = 150;
[Link] = 40.0;
[Link]();
[Link]("-------------------------------");
Bike sp = new Bike();
[Link] = 125;
[Link] = 55.0;
[Link]();
[Link]("-------------------------------");
}
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
46
JAVA FULL STACK
}
Output:-
Driving Bike with cc 390 Milage 14.0
-------------------------------
Driving Bike with cc 150 Milage 14.0
-------------------------------
Driving Bike with cc 125 Milage 14.0
-------------------------------
6).class Bottle {
String cap;
double water;
void showDetails() {
[Link]("Bottle with " + cap + " cap has " + water + " liters of water.");
}
}
public class Mainclass10 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bottle b1 = new Bottle();
[Link] = "Red";
[Link] = 1.5;
[Link]();
[Link]("--------------------------------");
Bottle b2 = new Bottle();
[Link] = "Blue";
[Link] = 2.0;
[Link]();
[Link]("--------------------------------");
Bottle b3 = new Bottle();
[Link] = "Green";
[Link] = 0.75;
[Link]();
}
}
Output:-
Bottle with Red cap has 1.5 liters of water.
--------------------------------
Bottle with Blue cap has 2.0 liters of water.
--------------------------------
Bottle with Green cap has 0.75 liters of water.
<Gunapati Suresh />
<JSpiders BTM Layout />
47
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