Object Ovtenteal Preqramming with Javea Ces so6n's Module ~ 2 © Tolapet the gerwal form of a class tort ao example (mary >The Geel Gem of a class * The class * Classes ts declared by the can (and usually elo Corryp lex . i feomicgh ey [co class key vooral Yiget much more 8 A sivophRed TS shown definite, Class classname type instance - Variable £3 type frstance — vaviahk 2: TY pe instance - variable Ny pe metivdname Cpaiametiy — Got A bockg of the metwl type mmethednames (parometer ts DL \ * A------ eat type method rene N Chara meter ~ [5 st) # The data, ov variables > defined withn io class ane called trlance variables eel es* The ode ts * The code . + Coblechyaly » the methook £ variables defined within ao glass ase called members of the class, © The contained within metho geneva Bim of a class ‘cloeenot spec! 8 wsatb O) racthod- . . 4 * Java. classes donot ned to have a Main C) method - Example Here ts a class called Bow that hay tthe “three Inetance’ vaviabks with» height ¢ depth > - class Borbear | clouble widths double height 5 double depths this class declares an object of type Bor Class Boidemo{ ; pablic static void vnaio (string lS eng) {| Bow mybex = neo Rot + doable vols a assign verlues to mayboe's inglance van tabke - Fog bot: caidth = 105 . roy bor pbegh! 220) my bos depth =155 T compete volume of box oO ; vol = imybor width » myber height cp myboxecepths Sytem spouts print In C8Volame ts” +vol)5 7 Bim Ductnert .- Valame is 2o00-0@ Discuss the signi cant Featoves of the Bites ketpootch: [Pye I. I “hTbis , : a method tll meet to refs to the ‘object amehimes: a rae tevoted tt. To alles this, Tava defres this, sta Eeyeowrd - + Ths can be used imide omy method ty sefer 4, “the eant object + That is , this is always 2 reference ty the object 0m Which the method was invoked ¢ * Boa (double wy doable hy double d)y this -width =@> this . height => ss depth =ds Frame R Thee ae € usage of -this Feqeoord sh java ry othic can be uscd to aes coer? class trbance variable - Ayvote cument claw methed be asec to Crmp tei tly] ny this can cused to inyote cument class wy AWS) can be contbructes - wy This can be pase“ as an axrgeimersd in the method call. ‘) This can be passed as an arqument tn the a confauctos .cal : used ty _— the the method. cumrent clas Wy this can be tnidance fem Deon dlWy Stake (+ When) a memba, is decland shake, 4 can he Accessed be Loce any objects of 4s class ane creed, and witha aefeenee to any object « >» You con declare both metheds and vartables 40 ‘the static . * The most common entampk of a state rember is main CD, s maint is declared 'as wtate bea th must be called before any» objects ewist © Trstance variables declaxed as static are > essen Bally » globe | veriabhs # Metheck — clecloved as’ shatic have Severa * They can only call other Stahe methook + They must only aceess Stake data £ ™ canned vee te This of super in anyeray eB ple ff wabrade Static yeetab less rnethodk 4 — me Dep blocks Class Use Static { state twha =35 Stake. int by, Static yeid meth Cint a Systems out printla Co#=" 4x) Sasters cat. pal istlh (eae? 4a)5 Spier ook pe votle (Ob Les Vetatief ay wets Sytem cet: printiy (Static block ti vox 4, oe publi estate void medn Oshing at DL meth (49); a v3 5@ Wheat are concfsuctors 9 Explain hoo types of conruchys with an cample program CPyg] * Vaya allouss objects to itntthalize iwc laae when they ane ceadeds This aufomatic fottaliatc ‘SPefrmed through “the use of 2 Cor * A comslauctos initializes an object tren edircrtely APN Creation : * Doce de Bred tt ty auonatically called when The object ts created beBee the neo opetorbr Completes, ee haw ne vehan types not even ~ HH Two types of Commbuctrs ty Default Conshuctr A combsucter that has ne parameters defauk congiucty . D4 is tnvistble ; Example - YW Here Boa uses a comtyucte ty intel i the oltmenions of a bow, = ntbabag Class Box double voidth : double heights : double depth 5 B= is known agATS Vs The Constructs far Bow Berl) Syyrlero. out pritle CoCorthweting Box’) § wathau, beight = 103 de pth= lo, 1 compute and ackan volume double volume Of Aeten woidth + height + depth % © al” “class Ba demol | public static “wid wain (Sting ang Df Ncleclare , allocate, 4 initialize Box objects. Bor rogbor | = new Box O3 Box eng bor? = new Fou Os hole Nol> iN qe* volume of Basf bow Vol = roybott+ volume 5 Systems out. print (Volume ts" 4 yl V5 4 get volume of bor vol = my bow? volume()} Siyctern- out. printi (oNelume is” aw) ; ; . ou‘When this program is run, it generates the following results: constructing Box Constructing Box volune i¢ 1000.9 Volume 42 1000.0 Parameterized Constructors Acconsiructor that has parameters is known as parameterized constructor. If we want to initialize fields of the class with our own values, then we use a parameterized constructor. For example, the following version of Box cefines a parameterized constructor that sets the dimensions of a box as, specified by those parameters. Pay special attention to how Box objects are created. J Here, Box uses a parameterized constructor to initialize the dimensions of a box.?/ clase Box [ Souble width double height; double depenr J/ Ghie is the constructor for Box Bex (double v, double h, double d) [ width = we bs [Type text] Page 14 Jf this is che constructor for Bex Box (double w, dovble h, doubled) [ width = xz hesgnt depeh ' /f compute and raturn volune double voluna() ¢ return width * height * depth; , ? clase Boxtemo? | public static void main(string(] args} { (f daclare, allocate, and initialize Box objects Box mybax] = new Bow!l0, 20, 15); Box mybou2 = new B04(3, 6, 5) double vols ¢f gat volume of first box vol = myboxt volume (); [Link]("volume ie "4 vol); /1 get volume of second box ol = mybox2 volume (); [Link]"valume 4s "4 vol}; , ‘The output from this program is shown here: Vetane sa 2000.9 Geen® Wheat is rocthed overloading * Pustrate the concept of method over logating using Java Prograr: (oR) . Develop a Tava progres +o Find area of nectana| ava of circle, avea of triangle using method overacting concept: Call these — methaok” Prony main method sith settable inputs CPyey. ey at * Overload ng Methects + Do jaro. it is Possible te define truco oF more rocthids “oithin the same class that share the same mame, if their pevameter declaration are diffwest- avlhen this is fhe case, the method ore Said +o he overloaded, amd the process ig. vefenel to as methed over loacking : Tow “Pasar Osing Methed Over loadting public class Avacalculator { Hf Fos axa of rectangle : Public double aleulaterrea (double length, double eodth){ ache length + width 5AMehed to cdleulateAva Kloable ya of! circle - public double calculaleArer Clouble nadiss){ aeduw Math. PE + aacdius + radius > e DMethd do calcuble the aca of txtang! double caleatatera Couble pase double height , boolean is Triang |e setuin 9.5 base # height 3 . oh an Cstesogt So 5 vk main tg ST Late? ~ public pablie static Ancacalcelerter calle Mealoulede display “the once of a rectangle - double nectangls Area = Caleuloctars calculate Area (5-05 sycten vost epintin (Arco of Rectangle: "+ rectangle 3.0) 5 ea)! of a circle - - freaC4.0)3 Area)$ We calculate 4 display The ove double circle*hea = calculates + calculate System soack- printle (Area of Circle + ” iciacle and display the avea of a ak A calealate double Leieangle fren = calculator: calcu late tea (6.0, 2-5 y tres Sytem coceh: priot te (Area of Ariangle:” 4 Arian b cre)s } _odpe® t+ hice of Rectangle: > & dhea of Cacld 2 60.2652 fren vf Be 2 FB Qa® Design a class called *Erngloyee” with Belek Pp, Name and Salary. Write a suitable contractors 6 methed + Taise satary and a Static methok +o disp ta : The number of Employee objects. Write suitable Main methed fr itlastetion CPYay. Class Emplocee Private. ink td 5 Prvate stay name; private double salary, Privake static int emmployecGount = 0 5 Neorstvacto: to initialize Employee Fields . public Employee Cink ids string name, double salen M this id= tals i this - narne = name 5 this . Salary = Salary ; . einplogeccountrr; #Enevement count for every objec) bMethed fo saise Salary by a Given pexcenrtage . pablic void radsSalary Cdoulle percentage )f fe Cpmcerrlage >) : salary + =Salasy + percentage /too\s 4 pane gaueeee 5 3. Jeb} Sygdem. oct» print lo @ Povalid Revcentaage + Salar 4 ee eine oy JMethod to Aisplay emnployee detoik . Pbk void — ahisphy Pe taik() f Systems oul. print [n CODD 4 tol ey Name: “treme”, \ Sa lary * tsalary 5 aa MStokic rncthed to display total mofo of ohjects public Stvke vord clisplay EmployeeCount Of System « pute printiy CTotal E mplogees + + er plogeeccurtt) 4 Tain method for dletnoritvertion - public static yeild main (Shing CY ag )f [execcke employee objects = hew ogee Alice’, S000); Employer empt = hee Emploger Cor, : 5 ple emp = NO Employee (wr, “Bob”, 60000); “/ Displey Sytem s out: Prtotlo CsBefse saisiog Salary 9)5 empl disphy —cletai’ empl cisplagDetaih 3 emp? > display detaak Os 11 Reise Seabees y empl» waiseSa leary Cio)3 / wor). mpd» AAiSe Salary GB): try1 Digplag ueptakd etait Soto souk. prinily Cé\n AFfer raising Salerys’); dame”, emp ofi'splagDedaik(); emp. despl ayDetaih CD; Vii UT Display cenplogee total cocant , Employee » display Fm ployee courst 03 7 J @ Wee a program to pecfisen Stack operations using proper class — Methooh CPY8) # tae is a class called stack that implements Fe a stack of integers: - } Dy 1 Ths class defines an integy stack hold to values dT SPCR that can class stack { ink tek = new int Cis); ink toss M itiabze +op- of slack stact OF tos =-(5 Wpash an idem onto the Stack void push Cot tte) fott if Ctos 2-4) : Soptem oud. Pent C Stack ts fu); che Shek C+ttos}e items J i pep an item from the stack int pop Of if Ctos £0) System. cut. printlo (¢ Stack ender flows.”) 5 return 05 eke stct (tes --]; {1 Mean funckon class Test stact { ablic stake wid main CS4rin emp Df Slack roystack £ = new Stact O35 Stack mystackd = pee shack OS IY push seme numbers onto the stact for Cnt te03 L103 i++) maptact V. pashOds fos Cint tzto4 i £204 t+) rogptacka push Ci)s DeenJ pop Those nurnbess off the stack - j System: subs penile CStack in m Jacks fe Gnbico si 2ios tes) Syter - souks Ps wntln Cenystact - pops Sapte out Print CStack ty myshet2-D4 Get eo. tte a) Stptero vou . printto (mystoct 2 pep )3Recursion Recon’ the proces of ein something termeafis Ae atest ve roaming recurso she stibute hat sls ametodto calise. A mtodtat caleRets sito be rcs ‘The cen xanol areca the onpiation eater of anu. Theta ofa reer Nhe er nl, 3 fcr 1 2 3% oF 6 Hee Row ale De compu by we 8 ene Type ten) lee mr xl ofc, a ec et aay This progam gneraes the flowing capa: fe 10 fiIntroducing final A field can he declared as final. Doing so prevents its contents from being modified, making it, essentially, a constant. This means that you must initialize a final field when it is declared. ‘You can do this in one of two ways First, you can give ita value when itis declared. Second, Cer eee eed] [Type text] Page 3: you can assign it value within 3 constructor. The first approach Is probably the most common. Here is an example: cae Subsequent parts of your program can now use FILE_OPEN, etc, 35 if they were constants, without fear that a value has been changed. It is a common coding convention to choose all uppercase identifiers for final fields, as this example shows. {n addition to fields, both method parameters and local variables can be declared final. Deciaring a parameter final prevents it from being changed within the method. Declaring a local variable final prevents it from being assigned a value mara than once. ‘The keyword final can also be gpplied to methods, but its meaning is substan! different than when it is applied to variables, This additional usage of final is po | penile inthe next cnapter, when tnneritance is described.