ELL-303: Power Engineering I — Tutorial 5
February 10, 2026
Questions
1. For a 400 km long transmission line, the series impedance is j0.5 Ω/km and the shunt
admittance is j5.0 µmho/km. Find the magnitude of the series impedance (in Ω) of the
equivalent π circuit of the transmission line.
2. Determine the efficiency and the regulation of a 3-phase, 100 km, 50 Hz transmission line
delivering 20 MW at a power factor of 0.8 lagging and line-to-line voltage 66 kV to a
balanced load.
The conductors are of copper, each having resistance 0.1 Ω/km, 1.5 cm outside diameter,
spaced equi-laterally 2 meters between centres. Neglect leakage and use the nominal-T
method.
3. Determine the efficiency and the regulation for the above problem using the nominal-π
model.
4. A three-phase 50 Hz transmission line is 400 km long. The voltage at the sending end is
220 kV. The line parameters are:
r = 0.0125 Ω/km, x = 0.4 Ω/km, y = 2.8 × 10−6 mho/km.
Find the sending-end current and receiving-end voltage when there is no load on the line.
5. A 183-bus power system has 150 PQ buses and 32 PV buses. In the general case, to obtain
the load flow solution using the Newton–Raphson method in polar coordinates, determine
the minimum number of simultaneous equations to be solved.
6. The bus admittance matrix for a power system network is given below:
−j39.9 j20 j20
Ybus = j20 −j39.9 j20
j20 j20 −j39.9
There is a transmission line connected between bus 1 and 3 which is represented by a
circuit shown in the Fig. 1. If this transmission line is removed from service, determine
Figure 1: π-Transmission line network
the modified bus admittance matrix.
7. A 2-bus power system is given below:
1
• Bus 1 is the slack bus with voltage V1 = 1.05∠0◦ p.u.
• Bus 2 is a PQ bus supplying a load of
P2 = 1.0 p.u., Q2 = 0.5 p.u.
• The transmission line impedance between the buses is
Z12 = 0.02 + j0.04 p.u.
Using the Newton-Raphson method, determine the voltage at bus 2. Assume an initial
value
(0)
V2 = 1∠0◦ p.u.
8. A 3-bus system is given as:
• Bus 1: Slack bus,V1 = 1.06∠0◦
• Bus 2: PV bus, P2 = 0.5 p.u., |V2 | = 1.04 p.u.
• Bus 3: PQ bus, P3 = 0.6 p.u., Q3 = 0.3 p.u.
Using the Newton–Raphson method, perform one iteration of load flow.
9. A 3-bus power system has the following data:
• Bus 1: Slack bus, V1 = 1.06∠0◦ p.u.
• Bus 2: PQ bus, P2 = 0.8 p.u., Q2 = 0.3 p.u.
• Bus 3: PQ bus, P3 = 0.6 p.u., Q3 = 0.2 p.u.
The bus admittance matrix is given as,
−j10 −j5 −j5
Ybus = −j5 j10 −j5
−j5 −j5 j10
Determine the bus voltages using one iteration of the NR-method.
10. Two buses, i and j, are connected with a transmission line of admittance Y, at the two
ends of which there are ideal transformers with turns ratios as shown in Fig. 2. Calculate
the bus admittance matrix for the system.
Figure 2: Transmission line connecting Bus i-j
11. A three bus power system is shown in Fig. 3 below, where the diagonal elements of Y-bus
matrix are: Y11 = −j12pu, Y22 = −j15pu, and Y33 = −j7pu.
2
Figure 3: Three-bus system
The per unit values of the lines reactance p, q and shown in figure 3 above are
12. A 3-bus network is shown. in Fig.4. consider generators as ideal voltage sources, if rows
1, 2 and 3 of the Ybus matrix correspond to bus 1, 2 and 3 respectively, then Ybus of the
network is
Figure 4: Three-bus network
13. A 3-bus power system network consists of 3 transmission lines. The bus admittance matrix
of the uncompensated system is
−j6 j3 j4
Ybus = j3 −j7 j5
j4 j5 −j8
If the shunt capacitance of all transmission lines is 50% compensated, the imaginary part of
the 3rd row, 3rd column element (in p.u.) of the bus admittance matrix after compensation
is: