MODULE 2

English Plus
Noun
A noun is a word that
represents a person, place,
thing, or idea.
 Example of Nouns
• People: teacher, friend, mother, child
• Places: school, park, city, country
• Things: book, pen, car, house
• Ideas: love, happiness, peace, freedom
 Types of Noun
• Common nouns: General names for people, places, things, or
ideas (e.g., cat, dog, house, love)
• Proper nouns: Specific names for people, places, things, or
ideas (e.g., John, Paris, Eiffel Tower, Christianity)
• Concrete nouns: Names for things that you can see, touch,
taste, smell, or hear (e.g., table, chair, apple, flower)
• Abstract nouns: Names for things that you cannot see, touch,
taste, smell, or hear (e.g., love, happiness, courage, peace)
• Collective nouns: Names for a group of people or things
(e.g., team, family, crowd, herd)
• Count nouns: Names for things that can be counted (e.g.,
book, pen, car, house)
• Mass nouns: Names for things that cannot be counted (e.g.,
water, air, rice, sugar)
Nouns in sentences:
• Subject: The noun that performs the action of the verb.
(e.g., The cat chased the mouse.)
• Object: The noun that receives the action of the verb.
(e.g., The cat chased the mouse.)
• Complement: A noun that completes the meaning of a
sentence. (e.g., She is a teacher.)
 Other Types:
• Possessive Nouns: Show ownership (e.g., John's book, the
cat's toy)
• Compound Nouns: Combine two or more words to form a
single noun (e.g., toothbrush, girlfriend, post office)
• Gerunds: Verbs used as nouns (e.g., swimming, reading,
writing)
To identify the specific type of a noun, you can ask
yourself questions like:
• Does the noun refer to a specific person, place, or thing? (Proper noun)
• Is it a general name for a category of things? (Common noun)
• Can it be perceived with the senses? (Concrete noun)
• Is it an idea or concept? (Abstract noun)
• Does it refer to a group of things? (Collective noun)
• Can it be counted? (Count noun)
• Can't it be counted? (Mass noun)
• By considering these factors, you can accurately identify the
type of noun in a given sentence.
Common Nouns
• The dog barked at the cat.
• I love to eat pizza.
• The car is parked in the garage.

Proper Nouns
• John went to Paris last summer.
• Mount Everest is the highest mountain in
the world.
• Christmas is a holiday celebrated in
many countries.
Concrete Nouns
• I dropped my phone.
• The tree is very tall.
• I like to drink coffee.

Abstract Nouns
• Love is a powerful emotion.
• Happiness is a state of mind.
• Freedom is a basic human right.
Collective Nouns
• The team won the game.
• The family went on vacation.
• The crowd cheered loudly.

Count Nouns
• I have two books.
• She bought three apples.
• There are five cars in the driveway.
Mass Nouns
• I need some water.
• She likes to eat rice.
• The air is full of pollution.

Possessive Nouns
• This is John's book.
• The cat's toy is under the couch.
• The children's toys are in the playroom.
Compound Nouns
• I need a toothbrush.
• She is a firefighter.
• The post office is closed.

Gerunds
• Swimming is a good exercise.
• Reading is my favorite hobby.
• Writing can be therapeutic.
Noun as Subject
A noun as a subject performs the action of the verb.
Example:
• The cat chased the mouse.
• Mary loves to read books.
• The sun shines brightly.
• My friend is coming over.
• The book is on the table.
Noun as Object
A noun as an object receives the action of the verb.
Example:
• I bought a new car.
• She loves her dog.
• I like to eat apples.
• She bought a new phone.
• They visited Paris.
Noun as Complement
A noun as a complement completes the meaning of a sentence.

Subject Complement
A subject complement renames or describes the subject. It usually
follows a linking verb (like "be," "become," "seem").
Example:
• My sister is a doctor.
• He became a teacher.
• She is a nurse.
• He became a lawyer.
• It is a beautiful day.
Object Complement
An object complement renames or describes the direct object.
Example:
• They elected her president.
• We consider him a genius.
• They named their son Oliver.
• We consider her a friend.
• They elected him mayor.
Here are more examples of nouns used
in different sentence roles:
• Subject: The children played in the park.
• Object: She bought a new dress.
• Subject Complement: He is a teacher.
• Object Complement: They named their baby
Emily.
 Singular and Plural Nouns
• Singular nouns refer to one person, place, thing, or idea.
Example: cat, dog, house, idea

• Plural nouns refer to more than one person, place, thing, or

idea.
Example: cats, dogs, houses, ideas
 How to Form Plurals
• Add -s: This is the most common way to form plurals.
Example: book -> books, car -> cars

• Add -es: This is used for nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh.

Example: bus -> buses, box -> boxes, church -> churches
• Change -y to -ies: This is used for nouns ending in a consonant + y.
Example: baby -> babies, city -> cities

• Add -ves: This is used for some nouns ending in f or fe.

Example: knife -> knives, wife -> wives

• Irregular Plurals: Some nouns have irregular plural forms.

Example: child -> children, man -> men, foot -> feet
 Rules for Forming Plural Nouns
Here are the general rules for forming plural nouns in English:
1. Add -s:
• Most nouns form their plural by adding -s.
Example: cat - cats, dog - dogs, book - books
2. Add -es:
• Nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh usually add -es.
Example: bus - buses, box - boxes, church - churches
 Rules for Forming Plural Nouns
3. Change -y to -ies:
• Nouns ending in a consonant + y usually change the y to i and
add -es.
Example: baby - babies, city - cities
4. Add -ves:
• Some nouns ending in f or fe change the f or fe to v and add -
es.
Example: knife - knives, wife - wives
Irregular Plurals
• Some nouns have irregular plural forms that don't follow the
general rules:
• Man - men • Mouse - mice
• Woman - women • Person - people
• Child - children • Goose - geese
• Tooth - teeth • Ox - oxen
• Foot - feet
 Remember:
• Always check a dictionary if you're unsure about the plural
form of a noun.
• Some nouns have the same form in both singular and plural
(e.g., sheep, deer).
• Many foreign-origin words retain their original plural forms
(e.g., phenomenon - phenomena, criterion - criteria).
CORRECT USAGE:
A. SINGULAR AND PLURAL
1. Sometimes, we use a plural noun for something that has two
parts.
For example:
• Pants (two legs )
• pajamas ( top and bottom)
• eyeglasses binoculars
• Also jeans, slacks, trousers
CORRECT USAGE:
These words are plural, so they take a plural verb (base form)
My pants are too long ( not is too long )
You can also use a pair of plus these words
• Those are nice jeans. or That’s a nice pair of jeans (not a nice
jeans )
• I need some new glasses, or I need a new pair of glasses.
2. Some nouns end in-ics but are not usually plural . For example:
• Economics, electronics, gymnastics, mathematics, physics, politics,
News
• e.g. Gymnastics is my favorite sport.
What time is the news on television?

• Some words ending in -s can be Singular or Plural.

For example:

• means – a means of transportation – many means of transportation

• series – a television series two television series
• species – a species of bird 200 species of birds
3. We always use a plural verb (BF -V ) with the word police
• The police have arrested a friend of mine ( not : The police has )
• Do you think the police are well paid?

4. We do not often use the plural of person ( persons) . We normally use

people ( a plural word)
• He is a nice person. but They are nice people.
• Many people don’t have enough to eat ( not doesn’t have )
5. We think of a sum of money, a period of time, a distance etc.. as one
thing so we use a singular verb ( s/es form)
• Twenty thousand dollars was stolen in the robbery ( not were stolen )
• Three years is a long time to be without a job. ( not Three years are )
• Six miles is a long way to walk everyday ( not Six miles are )
PERFORMANCE TASK 2
A. Practice Exercise 1 5. Many people has given up smoking.
Most of these sentences are wrong . ____________
Correct them when necessary based on 6. Three days wasn’t long enough to see
learned rules. the sights in Baguio . _______________
7. There was a police standing at the corner
1. Susan was wearing a black of the street. ___________________
jeans. wearing black jeans 8. Has the police arrived yet?
2. I like Amahra and Miguel. They are _____________
very nice persons. ________________ 9. This scissors is not very sharp.
__________
3. I need more money than that. Ten pesos
are not enough . _______________ 10. Gymnastics are the sport of Carlos
Yulo. ____________
4. I’m going to buy a new pajama.
____________
Practice Exercise 2- Choose the correct form of the verb for the following
singular or plural nouns.
1. Gymnastics is/are my favorite sport. bad as we expected.
2. The pants you bought for me 7. Three days isn’t/ aren’t long enough for
doesn’t/don’t fit me. a good vacation.
3. The police wants /want to interview the 8. I cant find my binoculars. Do you know
victims. where it is/ where they are?
4. Physics was/were my best subject in 9. Do you think the people is/are happy
school. with the government?
5. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn’t/ 10. Does/Do the police know how the
aren’t sharp enough. accident happened?
6. Fortunately, the news wasn’t / weren’t as
B. Research on the correct use of Possessive nouns. Give 2
examples for each usage.
C. Give 10 examples of compound nouns used as adjectives.
Thank you
Prof. MA. Hernanda Santos