Department of Education

Bureau of Learning Delivery Teaching

And Learning Division
Region 6 – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Passi City
Passi City

Supplementary
Learning Module for Senior
High School Learners

Grade Levels: Grade 12

Specialized Subject: Safety and First Aid
Semester: 1st Semester
Quarter 1: Module 1, Week 1

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

1. Explains the importance of observing safety practices in performing sports,

exercise and recreational activities. (SP_SFA11-Ia-1)

SAFETY IN SPORTS, EXERCISE AND RECREATION

Begin!

Individuals who engage in various types of physical activities such as sports, exercise and
recreation have higher risks of getting injuries as compared to those who practice a sedentary
lifestyle. However, potential injuries can be reduced if we know the different safety practices when
engaging in sports, exercise and recreational activities.
In this module, we are going to learn the common sports injuries and their causes as well as
the different safety practices we need to consider when engaging in physical activities such as
sports, recreational activities and exercise.

Your Targets

 Define injuries
 Identify causes of sports injuries
 Identify common sports and exercise injuries
 Identify ways to prevent injuries
 Identify safety practices in sports, exercise and recreational activities

Pre-Assessment

Try This!
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is a general term that refers to any damage in the human body.
A. Wound C. Injury
B. Damage D. All of them
2. A classification of sport injury characterized by signs by signs and symptoms that
manifest after force application.
A. Acute Injury C. Fitness-related injury
B. Overuse Injury D. None of them
3. A type of overuse injury where pain only occurs after the activity game or the
training session.
A. Stage I B. Stage III
B. Stage II D. Stage IV
4. Athletes should start with about 10 minutes of jogging or any light activity, and then
stretch all major muscle groups, holding for 20 to 30 seconds. What sports injury
prevention is being described?
A. Remember to Hydrate
B. Warm Up and Stretch Before Games and Practices
C. Prepare for the demands of playing sports.
D. Wear Appropriate Sports Gear
5. An acute injury where bones are pushed out from their joint capsule.
A. Concussion C. Dislocation
B. Fracture D. Wound
6. What risk factor in injury prevention is referred to by the following statement:
Inadequate intake of macronutrients like calcium and phosphorous refers to
_________________.
A. Suitable Equipment
B. Protective Equipment
C. Nutrition
D. Environmental Factor
7. The following are safety practices when engaging in exercise and physical activities
EXCEPT.
A. Bring first aid kit
B. Wear comfortable clothing.
C. Always warm up before exercise and cool down after exercise.
D. Take appropriate breaks during the activity.
8. Which is not an example of an Overuse/Chronic injury?
A. Sprain C. Bursitis
B. Osteoarthritis D. Tendinitis
9. Is life-threatening injury because it disrupts the normal function of the brain.
 A. Fracture C. Dislocation
B. Concussion D. Sprain
10. They shield various body parts against injury without interfering the sporting activity.
A. Sports facilities
B. Preventive equipment
C. Preventive sports facilities
D. Protective equipment

Do This!

Task 1:
Direction: Find and circle the words related to injuries. The words are place either
horizontally or vertically. Then, answer the question that follows.
S P R A I N S F K T Y O G C F
H D H E T F H D D E M P P O G
Y F J E H Y Y F I W S E L N B
M B N C Y J M B S Q X S K C H
N N M E G K N N L G Z T N U K
G H M J A S W Q O H W R B S J
F R A C T U R E C K E A V S W
H W O G I O W Z A P H I W I F
K E L H Y O R G T N M N E O H
P H O P T M D F I H J R G N L
N M J K D G P F O G H D S J
H J K G R V O W N J K M M J R
H W O G I O W Z M M R J B S
F B U R S I T I S B G Y O V Y
W R I H J K O P R Q T C D F F
S F O A S D G H J K L P O Y T
Guide questions:
1. What are the words that you have found in the puzzle?
a. ____________________ d. _________________
b. ____________________ e. _________________
c. ____________________ f. _________________
2. How are these words related to injuries?
 ___________________________________________________________________

Explore!

Injuries
Individuals like athletes engaging in various physical activities such as sports,
exercise and recreational activities are most likely prone to injuries. But most of injuries are
preventable and awareness of the risk factors will help in reducing the risks. Furthermore,
safety practices can help reduce the occurrence of injuries.
Injuries are damaged tissues or organs which occurs when it encounters trauma or
physical force that is greater what it can resist or absorb. The tissues will be able to
withstand varying degrees of strain but it will break down if it experiences an impact that is
stronger than what it can tolerate.
Injuries in sports, fitness and exercise commonly affects the musculoskeletal
structures.
The following are the different musculoskeletal structures in our body and their functions.

1. Ligaments stabilize the bones.

2. Tendons attach muscles to the bones.
3. Muscles create movements.
4. Bones serve as anchor of the muscles.
5. Joints serve as fulcrum for movement.

Muscul
oskeletal structure

Classification of Sports Injuries

In general sports injuries can be classified into two. These are the following
classification of sports injuries.

1. Acute Injuries- have signs and symptoms that manifest immediately after force
application.

Common Acute Injuries

1. Sprain
 Sprains are overstretched ligaments. The ligaments limit and stabilize joint
movement. When a joint is forced into a position that is beyond the normal range. It will
have overstretched the ligaments. The most common areas of sprain are the ankle and
knee.

2. Strain
Strain is a twist, pull or tear of muscle or tendon (a cord of tissue that connects
muscles to bones). It is an injury that can result from over contraction. A muscle would
contract and generate a force that is greater than what it usually does. The forceful
contraction pulls the muscle—tendon unit which results to muscle strain. Common areas of
strain are at the lower limbssuch as hamstring and calf muscle.

3. Fracture
Fracture is a break in the continuity of the bone. The most common fractures are
located in the upper limbs such as hand and forearm.
4. Dislocation
Dislocation occurs when joints are push out from their joint capsule. The most
common dislocations are located at the upper limbs such as the shoulder and elbow.

5. Concussions
Concussions are life-threatening injuries because they disrupt the normal function
of the brain. A severe blow could cause blood vessels in the brain to rupture causing blood
leaks. As the blood leaks, it will accumulate inside the skull. The accumulated blood puts
pressure in the brain blocking blood supply, which can be very dangerous.

2. Chronic or Overuse Injuries- have signs and symptoms that occurs after a long period
of exposure to force.

3 Types of Chronic/ Overuse Injuries According to Severity

1. Stage I- athletes with stage 1 injury complains of pain only after the activity, game and
training session.
2. Stage II- athletes with stage II injuries complain during and after the activity but not do
not feel it during rest.
3. stage III- athletes feel the pain whether at rest or at play.

Common Chronic/ Overuse Injuries

1. Tendinitis is inflammation or irritation of a tendon — the thick fibrous cords that attach
muscle to bone. The condition causes pain and tenderness just outside a joint. While
tendinitis can occur in any of your tendons, it's most common around your shoulders,
elbows, wrists, knees and heels.

2. Bursitis is a painful condition that affects the small, fluid-filled sacs — called bursa that
cushion the bones, tendons and muscles near your joints. Bursitis occurs when bursa
become inflamed. The most common locations for bursitis are in the shoulder, elbow and
hip. But you can also have bursitis by your knee, heel and the base of your big toe. Bursitis
often occurs near joints that perform frequent repetitive motion.

Factors in the Prevention of Sports Injuries

1. Warm Up- decreases number of injuries due to increase in range of motion or

movement.
2. Stretching- increased flexibility attained through stretching may decrease injuries in the
muscles and skeletal tissues and alleviate muscle soreness.
3. Taping and bracing - used to restrict undesired potentially harmful motion.

Taping and Bracing

4. Protective Equipment- they shield any part of the body without interfering with the
sporting activity. They can also be used on return to activity after injury to prevent direct
contact with the injured part. Protective equipment includes, helmet, gloves, knee pads,
wrist guards and gums.
5. Suitable Equipment-equipment should be use according to the capacity of the athlete.
Equipment should be sport specific. Example, using running shoes for football will lead to
injury of the forefoot.
6. Environmental factors- extreme hot and cold weather can cause injury to sportsmen.
Athletes should be preparing of extreme weather with appropriate clothing and training
because the condition of the environment will affect their performance.
[Link] Training- training should be specific to improve the performance in the
given sport. Training must be according to individual’s needs.
8. Nutrition- adequate nutrients is needed by the different organs and tissues of the body
as to not to lead in injuries. Ex. Inadequate intake of macronutrients like calcium and
phosphorous results in altered bone mechanism which results to injury.

Safety Practices in Sports

1. Prepare for the demands of playing sports.
2. Warm Up and Stretch Before Games and Practices
3. Remember to Hydrate
4. Wear Appropriate Sports Gear
5. Make Rest a Priority

Safety Practices During Exercise and Physical Activity

[Link] comfortable clothing and well-padded shoes that can protect the heels and arches
of the feet
2. Put on appropriate gear for the activity.
3. Always warm up before doing exercise and cool down afterwards to lower the risk of
strains and sprains.
4. Take appropriate breaks during the activity.
5. Do not exercise with an empty stomach. Eat something light (such as toast with jam or
skimmed milk) to give you some stamina. Do not exercise immediately after a full meal
because this will affect digestion.
6. Replenish extra fluids before, during and after physical activity, especially for prolonged
exercise like hiking.
7. Listen to the body. Do not exercise when unwell. If there is dizziness, shortness of
breath, chest pain, nausea or vomiting, or muscle and joint pain during exercise, stop the
activity and seek medical advice as soon as possible.

Safety Practices in Recreation

1. Stay Hydrated –which means to keep your water level intake in the normal range.
2. Know Your Limits – know what you can and cannot when engaging in physical
activities.
3. Bring a First Aid Kit- you should always carry a basic first aid kit with you whenever you
do any sort of outdoor recreation
4. Use Protective Gear- in every recreational activity that you do, make sure to use
appropriate protective equipment.
[Link] Equipment in Good Shape- make sure all outdoor recreation equipment is in
good operating condition

Why is it important to observe safety practices and health in everything that we do?

1. For optimal performance

Any health issue, from being underweight to having a physical injury, can impair
your performance. When you're healthy, you're simply able to perform to the best of your
capabilities. If you're ill, even with a passing cold or the flu, failing to give your body a
chance to rest may prolong the illness.

2. Avoid Accidents
Safety rules implemented during sports help prevent unnecessary accidents.
Following rules can prevent players from colliding during play, for example. A field that's lit
safely and thoroughly prevents tripping. In certain sports, particularly those performed in
the water or when moving at high speeds, safety rules can prevent serious accidents such
as drowning or crashes. Wearing appropriate and well-fitting safety gear, such as face
masks and helmets, also prevents serious injury when accidents do happen.
[Link] Prevention
Injuries result from accidents, but they can also result from playing sports when
you're not in your best health. If you're injured, but refuse to rest, you may end up
exacerbating the injury -- or experience a compensatory injury in another area of your body.
Trying to come back too soon from an injury can make an injury worse.

Participation in sports, fitness trainings, recreational activities and increases risks of

an individual to injury. Athletes are the best examples of these individuals. Most of the
injuries affect the musculoskeletal structures which includes the bones, muscles, tendons
and ligaments. The symptoms of these injuries occur immediately after the impact or after
several months. When the pain is felt immediately, the injury is classified as acute whereas
in overuse or chronic injuries, the pain is felt after a long period. There are several factors
 contributing to sports injury prevention such as environment, nutrition, protective
equipment, stretching, warm up, taping and bracings and lastly suitable equipment.

Answer the questions that follow on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are examples of safety practices when engaging in sports? In recreational
activities? Exercise?
2. What is the importance of observing safety practices at all times?
3. Do we need to practice safety and precaution in everything that we do?
4. In your own words, how can you define safety?

Reflect!

Complete the following statements:

1. I will protect myself _________________________.

2. I will follow__________________________.
3. I will make sure before engaging in any physical activity or sports_____.
4. I will prevent myself from sports injuries by ________.
5. I will be aware ________________.

Assess what you have learned

TEST I
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a general term that refers to any damage in the human body.

A. Wound C. Injury
B. Damage D. All of them
2. A classification of sport injury characterized by signs and symptoms that
manifest after force application.
A. Acute Injury C. Fitness-related injury
B. Overuse Injury D. None of them
3. A type of overuse injury where pain only occurs after the activity game or the
training session.
A. Stage I B. Stage III
B. Stage II D. Stage IV
4. Athletes should start with about 10 minutes of jogging or any light activity, and then
stretch all major muscle groups, holding for 20 to 30 seconds. What sports injury
prevention is being described?
A. Remember to Hydrate
B. Warm Up and Stretch Before Games and Practices
C. Prepare for the demands of playing sports.
D. Wear Appropriate Sports Gear
5. An acute injury where bones are pushed out from their joint capsule.
A. Concussion C. Dislocation
B. Fracture D. Wound
6. What risk factor in injury prevention is referred to by the following statement:
Inadequate intake of macronutrients like calcium and phosphorous refers to
_________________.
A. Suitable Equipment
B. Protective Equipment
C. Nutrition
D. Environmental Factor
7. The following are safety practices when engaging in exercise and physical activities
EXCEPT.
A. Bring first aid kit
B. Wear comfortable clothing.
C. Always warm up before exercise and cool down after exercise.
D. Take appropriate breaks during the activity.
8. Which is not an example of an Overuse/Chronic injury?
A. Sprain C. Bursitis
B. Osteoarthritis D. Tendinitis
9. Is life-threatening injury because it disrupts the normal function of the brain.
A. Fracture C. Dislocation
B. Concussion D. Sprain
10. They shield various body parts against injury without interfering the sporting activity.
A. Sports facilities
B. Preventive equipment
C. Preventive sports facilities
D. Protective equipment

Test II.
Direction: Identify what factor of injury prevention is being described. Choose your
answer from the box and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Environmental Factors Suitable Equipment Nutrition Appropriate Training

Taping and Bracing Stretching

[Link] a running shoes for football will lead to injury of the forefoot.
2. Extreme hot or cold weather can cause injury to sportsmen.
[Link] a specific training to the athlete in a specific sport.
4. Inadequate intake of macronutrients like calcium and phosphorous.
5. Athletes must be healthy and physical fit.
6. Restricts undesired harmful motion.
7. Increases flexibility which decreases potential injuries for musculoskeletal
structures.

Test III.
Direction: Complete the table by filling in the function of each musculoskeletal
structure and the acute injury that can be associated to the structure.

Structure Function Acute injury

Ligaments
Tendons
Muscles
Bones
 Joints

References
Physical education and Health by Lualhati Fernando-Callo and Peter Fermin Daime pages 76-82.
[Link]
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ABAKMgQIABAKMgQIABAKMgQIABAKMgQIABAKMgQIABAKOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIIxAnOgQIABB
DOgUIABCxAzoICAAQsQMQgwFQwfQaWNWJG2DFixtoAXAAeACAAeoCiAGzEZIBBzAuNi40Lj
GYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABCsABAQ&sclient=img&ei=mf51X62EDpCKmAXh76mIDw
&bih=730&biw=1517
[Link]
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Prepared by:
CARLA P. PACLIBAR
SST - II