STAT 130 – Topics that will be covered in the Main and Supplementary Exams
Chapter 1 – Terminology
1.1) Definitions
General
Types of variables
Measurement scales for variables
1.2) Sampling methods: Simple , Stratified, Systematic and Quota
Chapter 2 – Descriptive statistics (Exploratory data analysis)+ EXCEL
2.1) Graphs and diagrams
2.2) Sigma and subscript notation
2.3) Frequency distributions and related graphs
Construction
Data shape
Interpretation
Approximate probability
2.4) Measures of central tendency (location)
Raw data and grouped data
Mean, median mode, weighted mean
2.5) Measures of variability (variation, spread, dispersion)
Raw and grouped data
2.6) Coefficient of variation
2.7) Bell-shaped data – Empirical Rule
2.8) Measures of position
Raw and grouped data
Quartiles, quartile deviation
Percentiles
2.9) Five number summary and Box Plots
Construction
Interpretation
Comparisons
Data shape
Chapter 3 – Probability
3.1) Terminology
3.2) Complements, unions and intersections of events
3.3) Definitions of probability
Classical and empirical definitions
Joint and marginal probability
3.4) Counting formulae
Addition/multiplication rule for counting
Factorial notation + Excel
Permutations and combinations + Excel
3.5) Basic probability formulae
Complementary events
Mutually exclusive events
Unions
De Morgan’s Laws
Theorem of total probability
3.6) Conditional probability
Definition
Multiplication rule
Independent events
Bayes’ Theorem
3.7) Probabilities and Odds
Chapter 4 – Probability distributions of discrete random variables
4.1) Discrete random variables – general
4.2) Discrete probability distributions
Probability mass/distribution function and their properties
Cumulative distribution function
4.3) Mean, variance and standard deviation
4.4) Binomial, Bernoulli and Hypergeometric distributions
Identification of a Binomial random variable
Mean and variance of Binomial random variables
Comparison of the Binomial and Hypergeometric distributions
Excel Functions
4.5) Poisson distribution
Identification of a Poisson random variable
Mean and variance of a Poisson random variable
Changing the length of time/space
Poisson approximation of a Binomial random variable
Excel Functions
Chapter 5 – The normal distribution
5.1) Probability distributions of continuous random variables
5.2) The normal distribution
Properties of the normal distribution
Empirical example – the normal distribution and a histogram
5.3) The Standard Normal Distribution, Z
5.4) Calculating probabilities using the standard normal table and using Excel
5.5) Calculating probabilities for any normal random variable
5.6) Finding percentiles using the standard normal tables and Excel.
Chapter 6 – Sampling distributions with EXCEL Applications
6.1) Definitions
6.2) The Central Limit Theorem
Distribution of the sample mean
Distribution of the sample proportion
6.3) The t-distribution
6.4) The 𝜒𝜒 2 -distribution
Chapter 7 – Statistical inference: Estimations for one sample
7.1) Statistical inference - Introduction
7.2) Point and interval estimation
7.3) Confidence interval terminology
7.4) Confidence interval for the population mean – population variance known
7.5) Confidence interval for the population mean – population variance unknown
7.6) Confidence interval for the population variance
7.7) Confidence interval for the population proportion
7.8) Sample size when estimating the population mean
7.9) Sample size when estimating the population proportion
7.10) EXCEL use of functions
Chapter 8 – Statistical inference: Hypothesis testing for one sample
8.1) Formulation of hypotheses and related terminology
8.2) Hypothesis testing for one sample
Summary procedure
Types of errors
8.3) Test for population mean – population variance known
8.4) Test for population mean – population variance unknown
8.5) Test for population variance
8.6) Test for population proportion
Chapter 9 – Linear correlation and regression
9.1) Bivariate data and scatter diagrams
9.2) Linear correlation
9.3) Linear regression
9.4) Interpretation of EXCEL outputs.
P.T.O for EXCEL FUNCTIONS
EXCEL FUNCTIONS FOR CHAPTERS 1 – 3:
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
= RAND () Returns a random number between 0 and 1
= RANDBETWEEN(bottom; top) Returns a random number between two given integers
= SUM(range of cells to add) Add values in a range of cells
= AVERAGE(range of cells to average) Returns the Average of a list of supplied numbers
=MEDIAN(number1, [number2], ... ) Returns the Median (the middle value) of a list of
supplied numbers
= MODE(number1, [number2], ... ) Returns the Mode (the most frequently occurring
value) of a list of supplied numbers
=SUMPRODUCT(array1, [array2], ...) Returns the sum of the products of corresponding
values in two or more supplied arrays
= VAR.S(number1, [number2], ... ) Returns the variance of a supplied set of values (which
represent a sample of a population)
= STDEV.S(number1, [number2], ... ) Returns the standard deviation of a supplied set of
values (which represent a sample of a population)
= [Link](array; k) Returns the K'th percentile of values in a supplied
range, where K is in the range 0 - 1
= [Link](array; quart) Returns the specified quartile of a set of supplied
numbers, based on percentile value 0 - 1
= MAX(range of cells) Returns the largest value from a list of supplied
numbers
= MIN(range of cells) Returns the smallest value from a list of supplied
numbers
= COUNT(range of cells to count) Returns the number of numerical values in a supplied
set of cells or values
= FREQUENCY( data_array; bins_array) Returns an array showing the number of values from a
supplied array, which fall into specified ranges
= FACT(number) Returns the Factorial of a given number
= PERMUT(number; number_chosen) Returns the number of permutations for a given
number of objects that can be selected from the total
objects
= COMBIN(number; number_chosen) Returns the number of combinations for a given
number of items
= SQRT( number ) Returns the positive square root of a given number
EXCEL FUNCTIONS FOR CHAPTERS 4 – 6:
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
=[Link](𝑥𝑥; 𝜇𝜇; TRUE/FALSE) To calculate exact and cumulative Poisson
Probabilities for a supplied set of
parameters
=[Link]( z; TRUE) To calculate the area under the standard
normal curve to the LEFT of a Z-value
=[Link](𝛼𝛼) To find a specific Z value given, 𝛼𝛼, the area
to the left of the z-value
=STANDARDIZE(𝑥𝑥; µ; 𝜎𝜎) To standardise 𝑋𝑋~𝑁𝑁(𝜇𝜇; 𝜎𝜎 2 ) to 𝑍𝑍~𝑁𝑁(0; 1)
=[Link](𝑥𝑥; µ; 𝜎𝜎; TRUE) To calculate the area to the LEFT of a
specific value of a normal random variable
X where 𝑋𝑋~𝑁𝑁(𝜇𝜇; 𝜎𝜎 2 )
=[Link](𝛼𝛼; 𝜇𝜇; 𝜎𝜎) To find a specific X value given, 𝛼𝛼, the area
to the left of the x-value
=[Link]�𝑥𝑥̅ ; µ;
𝜎𝜎
; TRUE� To calculate probabilities to the LEFT of a
√𝑛𝑛
specific value concerning
𝜎𝜎 2
𝑋𝑋�~𝑁𝑁 �𝜇𝜇; �
𝑛𝑛
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 To calculate probabilities to the LEFT of a
= [Link] �𝑝𝑝̂ ; 𝑝𝑝; � ; TRUE� specific value concerning
𝑛𝑛
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝑃𝑃�~𝑁𝑁 �𝑝𝑝; �
𝑛𝑛
=[Link](𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣 ; df; TRUE) To calculate the area to the left of a specific
value of a variable that follows a t-
distribution
=[Link](𝛼𝛼; 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑) To find a specific t value given, 𝛼𝛼, the area
to the left of the t-value
=[Link](𝜒𝜒𝑣𝑣2 ; df; TRUE) To calculate the area to the left of a specific
value of a variable that follows a chi-
squared distribution
=[Link](𝜒𝜒𝑣𝑣2 ; df ) To calculate the area to the right of a
specific value of a variable that follows a
chi-squared distribution
=[Link](𝛼𝛼; 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑) To find a specific 𝜒𝜒 2 value given, 𝛼𝛼, the
area to the left of the chi squared value
EXCEL FUNCTIONS FOR CHAPTER 7:
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
= [Link](𝛼𝛼; 𝜎𝜎; 𝑛𝑛) To compute the value of the sampling error,
E that can be used to find confidence
intervals when population variance is known
= CONFIDENCE.T(𝛼𝛼; s; 𝑛𝑛) To compute the value of the sampling error,
E that can be used to find confidence
intervals when population variance is
unknown and n < 30
= [Link](𝛼𝛼; s; 𝑛𝑛) To compute the value of the sampling error,
E that can be used to find confidence
intervals when population variance is
unknown and n ≥ 30
Chapter 8 No EXCEL component
Chapter 9 EXCEL output interpretation