CHAPTER THREE
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter will commence with outline and explaining, ways, methods,
procedures, and techniques to be used in collection of data as well as data analysis.
This may include; a brief explanation of the study areas; followed by geographical
location and the economy of the area of study, sample size and sample techniques,
method of data collection, instrument of data collection, method and tools of data
analysis.
3.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA
The research location for this study is Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna
State, Nigeria. Zaria is one of the oldest and most historical cities in Northern
Nigeria. It was originally known as Zazzau, one of the ancient Hausa city-states.
Zaria was founded in the 11th century and became famous as a center for trade,
Islamic education, and military strength.
Zaria played a major role in the formation of the Habe (Hausa) kingdoms, and later
became part of the Sokoto Caliphate after the Fulani Jihad led by Usman Ɗan
Fodio in the early 19th century. The area is predominantly inhabited by Hausa and
Fulani people, though there are other ethnic groups such as the Yoruba, Igbo,
Gwari, and others who migrated for business, education, or work.
Zaria became a recognized Local Government Area under Kaduna State after the
1976 local government reforms in Nigeria. The local government has since
developed into a major center for education, commerce, and agriculture in the state
(sa’idu, 2021)
3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA
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Zaria Local Government Area is located in the northern part of Kaduna State,
Nigeria. It lies approximately between latitude 11°04′ North and longitude 7°42′
East. The area shares
boundaries with Sabon Gari Local Government to the west, Giwa Local
Government to the northwest, Soba Local Government to the east, and Igabi Local
Government to the south.
The headquarters of Zaria Local Government is situated in Zaria city, which is
about 80 kilometers north of Kaduna, the state capital ([Link].n.d).
Zaria is divided into several districts and wards including Tudun Wada, Kwarbai,
Anguwan Fatika, Gyallesu, Wucicciri, Kaura, Kufena, and Tukur-Tukur among
others. The area is well known for its educational institutions such as Ahmadu
Bello University (ABU), Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT), and
Federal University of Education (FUE Zaria)
3.4 POPULATION OF THE STUDY:
According to the 2006 National Population Census, Zaria Local Government Area
had a population of about 408,198 people. However, by the 2024 projection, the
population is estimated to have increased significantly due to urbanization,
education, and migration (TIJSSRA, 2022).
The population consists mainly of the Hausa/Fulani ethnic groups who are
Muslims, with a mixture of other ethnic groups and religious beliefs. The residents
include men and women of various age groups, civil servants, traders, farmers,
artisans, and students.
This study focuses on the adult and voting population of Zaria Local Government
Area, particularly those who are eligible to participate in electoral processes.
3.5 ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA
The economy of Zaria Local Government is mainly based on agriculture,
commerce, and education. Agriculture remains the backbone of the local economy,
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with crops such as maize, millet, guinea corn, rice, beans, and groundnuts being
widely cultivated (TIJSSRA, 2022). The people also engage in livestock rearing,
especially cattle, goats, and sheep.
Zaria is also known as a commercial center, serving as a major link between the
northern and southern parts of Nigeria. The presence of large markets such as Zaria
city Market and Kofar Doka Market contributes greatly to trade and business
activities.
In addition, the area has a vibrant educational sector that attracts people from
across Nigeria and West Africa, providing jobs and stimulating economic growth.
There are also artisans engaged in leather works, metal works, tailoring, carpentry,
and small-scale businesses.
Agriculture and education together form the foundation of the economy of Zaria,
making it one of the most important local governments in Kaduna State.
3.6 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
There is of course no single accepted way of conducting research. The ways
researcher carry out their research depend upon a variety of factors. These factors,
according to Snape and Spencer (2003:1), include: researchers beliefs about the
nature of the social world and what can be known about it (ontology), the nature of
knowledge and how it can be acquired (epistemology), the financers of the
research, and the position and environment of the researcher themselves.
For the purpose of this research both data will be collected through the use of
both primary and secondary data. Whereas the primary data consists of survey a
method which includes both questionnaire and interview, hence observation and
perception towards the respondents will also be applied.
The secondary data consist of the data which have already been collected by other
researchers, this includes; textbooks, journals, under graduate projects, news
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papers and more importantly internet and other papers carryout by international
and national conference such as INEC, IFES, ERC, DFID, e.t.c
3.7 INSTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION
The instrument for this research will be drawn through the use of structural
questionnaires containing close-ended items to be administered by research
assistants. The questionnaire will be designed in line with the objectives of the
study. The first part of the questionnaire will contain items requiring socio-
demographic information relevant to the research objectives such as sex, marital
status, religious affiliation, and educational level, e.t.c using nominal and ordinal
level of.
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
In analysis the data to be collected, descriptive and inferential statistics will be
used, such as analysis of correlation to test the relationship between variables. The
responses collected will be analyzed to address each of the specific objectives as
appropriate.
The descriptive statistics would include computation of frequency, proportion,
percentage and cross tabulation such as pie chart, bar chart, X2, measurement of
control tendency etc whereas the inferential statistics will include interpretation,
analysis, and generalization.
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