Internet of Things
Name:- Steven Khoo Boo Tap
Email:- khoobootap@[Link]
Location:- SEGi College Penang
Overview
① IoT Architecture
② IoT Architecture Layers
Sensors & Actuators
IoT Gateways
Edge vs Cloud Data
Processing
🅺 Key topics: IoT
Architecture, IoT
Gateways, Cloud Data
Processing
🅐 IoT systems IoT
architecture provides
blueprint for building
IoT systems.
🅑 Helps engineers
decide where data is
What is IoT collected,
transmitted,
Architecture? processed, and acted
upon.
🅒 A good
architecture improves
performance, security,
and maintainability.
Common IoT
Architecture
Models
• 3-layer IoT Architecture:
simple and widely used.
• 4-layer / 5-layer IoT
Architectures.
Three-Layer Architecture
It is the final layer that
represents all devices that
use the IoT devices or
systems deployed.
Cross-site Scripting, Malicious Code Attack
It is known as a gateway
layer that helps establish
the logical design of IoT by
connecting devices with a
platform.
MiTM Attack, Storage Attack, Exploit Attack
It is the foremost layer also
known as the sensor layer.
It transform signals from
the environment sensors
Eavesdropping, Node interact into digital
Capture, Timing Attack information.
IoT Key Building Blocks
Messaging protocols are rules that different services and computers follow to understand the
information and commands they exchange.
The network layers are the most important in the IoT because it connects users with devices.
Four-Layer Architecture
It is also known as Secure layer
because it focuses on making IoT
communication models more
protected from possible threats.
The support layer verifies if the
Denial of Service Attack, information is sent from an
Insider Attack authenticated user.
In most cases, passwords or shared
keys are used as authentication
methods.
After verifying an user, the Support
layer send information obtained from
sensors of IoT devices to the Network
layer.
Five-Layer Architecture
It is the top layer that is located above
the Application layer.
The business layer ensures that users
can use IoT systems hassle-free.
This layer is considered secure.
Denial of Service Attack,
Therefore, there are no serious threats to
Insider Attack this IoT layered architecture.
Data accumulation, Data abstraction The only one that users should be
aware of is the logic attack.
It needs hackers to find any flaws in
code conducted by developers and use
them to get unauthorized access to
important data.
Role of Sensors in IoT Architecture
Data Generation
Environment Monitoring
Sensors are the primary data source in IoT systems.
NOTE: Poor sensor data leads to poor system decisions!
Role of Actuators in IoT Architecture
Physical Actions
Automation
Actuators enable IoT systems to act on decisions.
Examples: turning on lights, opening valves, adjusting temperature.
Sensors
and
Actuators
in IoT
Architecture
Role of IoT Gateways
Protocol Translation
Data Aggregation
Edge Processing
Gateways connect local
devices to the internet or
cloud. They can translate
protocols. (ZigBee to IP)
🆅 What is an IoT Gateway and Why is it important?
Data Flow in IoT Systems – Overview
Data Generation: data is to be collected and measured.
Data Transmission: sensors use a special translator, gateway.
Data Processing: gateway sends the data to the cloud server.
Action and Feedback: data analysis is done by using all historical data.
Processed data is sent to the end user by providing alerts.
Data Data Data Data Data
Ingestion Transmission Processing Analysis Visualization
Sensor collects data.
Data sent via network.
Step-by-Step Data processed (cloud/edge).
IoT Data Flow Decision made.
Actuator responds.
Edge vs Cloud Data Processing
Similarities Between Edge and
Cloud Computing
Challenges in IoT Architecture
Scalability
Interoperability
Security
Challenges in IoT Architectural Implementation
Summary
Three-layer of IoT architecture.
Sensors, actuators and gateways are
core components.
Data flows in continuous loop.
“The Internet of Things is a giant experiment
in scale.”
by Eric Schmidt (Former CEO, Google)
Self-Check
• Go to [Link] and enter the Game Pin.
• There are some questions available to test your
understanding on IoT Architecture.