PRELIMS MICROTHEMES [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

SUBJECT
GEOGRAPHY
Sr. Microtheme # of Qs
1 Economic/Human Geography 20
2 River Systems 25
3 World Map related 24
4 Trees/Forests/Vegetation 4
5 Minerals 23
6 Climatic/Geographic Region 16
7 Atmosphere 9
8 Oceanography 11
9 World MapXWater Bodies 8
Indian GeographyXPhysiographic
10 7
features
11 Geomorphology 6
12 Latitude,Longitude,Solstice 7
13 Mountains/Hills 6
14 Universe,Solar System,Earth 5
15 Climatology 6
16 ClimatologyXPressure Wind system 6
17 India Map related 4
18 Arctic, Antarctic 4
19 Cloudbursts 3
20 Monsoon 2
Total Qs from 2009 to 2025 196

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

[Microtheme]
#1. Economic/Human Geography 
1. [ 2024] The total fertility rate in an econo- 6. [ 2023] With reference to coal-based 1. They live mainly in the State of Uttara-
my is defined as: thermal power plants in India, consider the khand .
(a) the number of children born per 1000 following statements: 2. They rear the Pashmina goats that yield
people in the population in a year. 1. None of them uses seawater. a fine wool.
(b) the number of children born to a couple 2. None of them is set up in water-stressed 3. They are kept in the category of Sched-
in their lifetime in a given population. district. uled Tribes.
(c) the birth rate minus death rate. 3. None of them is privately owned. Which of the statements given above is/
(d) the average number of live births a How many of the above statements are are correct?
woman would have by the end of her correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
child-bearing age. (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only
Ans: (d) (c) All three (d) None Ans: (b)
Ans: (d)
2. [ 2024] With reference to physical capital 11. [ 2014] Every year, a month long ecologi-
in Indian economy, consider the following 7. [ 2022] Which of the following activities cally important campaign/festival is held
pairs: constitute real sector in the economy ? during which certain
Items : Category 1. Farmers harvesting their crops communities/tribes plant samplings of
1. Farmer’s plough : Working capital 2. Textile mills converting raw cotton into fruit-bearing trees. Which of the following
2. Computer : Fixed capital fabrics are such
3. Yarn used by the weaver : Fixed capital 3. A commercial bank lending money to a communities/tribes?
4. Petrol : Working capital trading company (a) Bhutia and Lepcha
How many of the above pairs are correctly 4. A corporate body issuing Rupee Denomi- (b) Gond and Korku
matched? nated Bonds overseas (c) Irula and Toda
(a) Only one (b) Only two Select the correct answer using the code (d) Sahariya and Agariya
(c) Only three (d) All four given below : Ans: (b)
Ans: (b) (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 12. [ 2013] Consider the following pairs :
3. [ 2024] With reference to the sectors of the 4 Tribe State
Indian economy, consider the following pairs: Ans: (a) (1). Limboo (Limbu) : Sikkim
Economic activity: Sector (2). Karbi : Himachal Pradesh
1. Storage of agricultural produce: Sec- 8. [ 2022] Consider the following statements : (3). Dongaria Kondh : Odisha
ondary 1. Vietnam has been one of the fastest (4). Bonda : Tamil Nadu
2. Dairy farm: Primary growing economies in the world in the Which of the above pairs are correctly
3. Mineral exploration: Tertiary recent years. matched?
4. Weaving cloth: Secondary 2. Vietnam is led by a multi-party political (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only
How many of the pairs given above are system. (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
correctly matched? 3. Vietnam’s economic growth is linked to Ans: (a)
(a) Only one pair (b) Only two pairs its integration with global supply chains
(c) Only three (d) All four and focus on exports. 13. [ 2012] Consider the following specific
Ans: (b) 4. For a long time Vietnam’s low labour stages of demographic transition associ-
costs and stable exchange rates have ated with economic development: 1. Low
4. [ 2024] Consider the following countries: attracted global manufacturers. birth rate with low death rate 2. High birth
1. Italy 5. Vietnam has the most productive e-ser- rate with high death rate 3. High birth rate
2. Japan vice sector in the Indo-Pacific region. with low death rate Select the correct
3. Nigeria Which of the statements given above are answer using the code given below:
4. South Korea correct ? (a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 1, 3
5. South Africa (a) 2 and 4 (b) 3 and 5 (c) 2, 3, 1 (d) 3, 2, 1
Which of the above countries are frequent- (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 2 Ans: (c)
ly mentioned in the media for their low birth Ans: (c)
rates, or ageing population or declining 14. [ 2010] The approximate representation
population? 9. [ 2018] Consider the following statements : of land use classification in India is
(a) 1,2 and 4 (b) 1,3 and 5 Human capital formation as a concept (a) Net area sown 25%; forests 33%; other
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 3 and 5 only is better explained in terms of a process areas 42%
Ans: (a) which enables (b) Net area sown 58%; forests 17%; other
1. individuals of a country to accumulate areas 25%
5. [ 2023] Consider the following statements : more capital. (c) Net area sown 43%; forests 29%; other
1. India has more arable area than China. 2. increasing the knowledge, skill levels and areas 28%
2. The proportion of irrigated area is more capacities the people of the country. (d) Net area sown 47%; forests 23%; other
in India as compared to China. 3. accumulation of tangible wealth. areas 30%
3. The average productivity per hectare 4. accumulation of intangible wealth. Ans: (d)
in Indian agriculture is higher than that in Which of the statements given above is/
China. are correct? 15. [ 2010] In India, during the last decade
How many of the above statements are (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only the total cultivated land for which one of
correct? (c) 2 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4 the following crops has remained more or
(a) Only one (b) Only two Ans: (c) less stagnant?
(c) All three (d) None (a) Rice (b) Oilseeds
Ans: (b) 10. [ 2014] With reference to ‘Changpa’ com- (c) Pulses (d) Sugarcane
munity of India, consider the following Ans: (c)
statements:

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

16. [ 2009] Among the following, who are the nential) of the population of India has 2. Infant mortality rate is the number of
Agaria community? doubled. infant deaths in a particular year per 100
(a) A traditional toddy tappers community Which of the statements given abova is/ live births during that year.
of Andhra Pradesh are correct ? Which of the above statements is/are
(b) A traditional fishing community of (a) 1 only (b) 2 only correct ?
Maharashtra (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) A traditional silk- weaving community Ans: (d) (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
of Karnataka Ans: (b)
(d) A traditional salt pan workers commu- 18. [ 2009] Which one among the following
nity of Gujarat South Asian countries has the highest 20. [ 2009] In which one of the following
Ans: (d) population density ? places is the Shompen tribe found ?
(a) India (b) Nepal (a) Nilgiri Hills
17. [ 2009] Consider the following statements : (c) Pakistan (d) Sri Lanka (b) Nicobar Islands
1. Between Census 1951 and Census Ans: (a) (c) Spiti Valley
2001, the density of the population of In- (d) Lakshwadeep Islands
dia has increased more than three times. 19. [ 2009] Consider the following statements : Ans: (b)
2. Between Census 1951 and Census 1. Infant mortality rate takes into account
2001, the annual growth rate (expo- the death of infants within a month after birth.

[Microtheme]
#2. River Systems 
1. [ 2024] With reference to the Himalayan (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 4 (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
rivers joining the Ganga downstream of (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3 (c) 2 and 5 (d) 3 and 5
Prayagraj from West to East, which one of Ans: (b) Ans: (a)
the following sequences is correct?
(a) Ghaghara – Gomati – Gandak – Kosi 6. [ 2021] With reference to the Indus river 11. [ 2018] Which one of the following is an
(b) Gomati – Ghaghara – Gandak – Kosi system, among the following four rivers, ‘artificial lake‘?
(c) Ghaghara – Gomati – Kosi – Gandak one of them joins the Indus directly: (a) Kodaikanal (Tamil Nadu)
(d) Gomati – Ghaghara – Kosi – Gandak (a) Chenab (b) Jhelum (b) Kolleru (Andhra Pradesh)
Ans: (b) (c) Ravi (d) Sutlej (c) Nainital (Uttarakhand)
Ans: (d) (d) Renuka (Himachal Pradesh)
2. [ 2024] Consider the following information: Ans: (a)
Waterfall Region River 7. [ 2021] With reference to India, Didwa-
1. Dhuandhar Malwa Narmada na, Kuchaman, Sargol and Khatu are the 12. [ 2017] With reference to river Teesta,
2. Hundru Chota Nagpur Sub- names of consider the following statements:
arnarekha (a) glaciers (b) mangrove areas 1. The source of river Teesta is the same
3. Gersoppa Western Ghats Netravati (c) Ramsar sites (d) saline lakes as that of Brahmaputra but it flows
In how many of the above rows is the given Ans: (d) through Sikkim.
information correctly matched? 2. River Rangeet originates in Sikkim and
(a) Only one (b) Only two 8. [ 2020] Consider the following pairs: it is a tributary of river Teesta.
(c) All three (d) None River Flows into 3. River Teesta flows into Bay of Bengal
Ans: (a) 1. Mekong Andaman Sea on the border of India and Bangladesh.
2. Thames Irish Sea Which of the statements given above is/
3. [ 2023] Consider the following statements : 3. Volga Caspian Sea are correct?
1. Jhelum River passes through Wular Lake. 4. Zambezi Indian Ocean (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
2. Krishna River directly feeds Kolleru Lake. Which of the pairs given above is/are cor- (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
3. Meandering of Gandak River formed rectly matched? Ans: (b)
Kanwar Lake. (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
How many of the statements given above (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 4 only 13. [ 2016] Recently, linking of which of the
are correct? Ans: (c) following rivers was undertaken?
(a) Only one (b) Only two (a) Cauvery and Tungabhadra
(c) All three (d) None 9. [ 2019] What is common to the places (b) Godavari and Krishna
Ans: (b) known as Aliyar, Isapur and Kangsabati? (c) Mahanadi and Son
(a) Recently discovered uranium deposits (d) Narmada and Tapti
4. [ 2022] Gandikota canyon of South India (b) Tropical rain forests Ans: (d)
was created by which one of the following (c) Underground cave systems
rivers ? (d) Water reservoirs 14. [ 2016] Which of the following is/are
(a) Cauvery (b) Manjira Ans: (d) tributary/ tributaries of Brahmaputra?
(c) Pennar (d) Tungabhadra 1. Dibang
Ans: (c) 10. [ 2019] Consider the following pairs: 2. Kameng
Glacier River 3. Lohit
5. [ 2021] Consider the following rivers: 1. Bandarpunch Yamuna Select the correct answer using the code
1. Brahmani 2. Bara Shigri Chenab given below.
2. Nagavali 3. Milam Mandakini (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
3. Subarnarekha 4. Siachen Nubra (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
4. Vamsadhara 5. Zemu Manas Ans: (d)
Which of the above rise from the Eastern Which of the pairs given above are cor-
Ghats? rectly matched? 15. [ 2015] Consider the following rivers :
(1) Vamsadhara
(2) Indravati

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

(3) Pranahita (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 22. [ 2010] Which one of the following pairs
(4) Pennar (c) 1 and 3 (d) None is not correctly matched ? Dam/Lake
Which of the above are tributes of Godavari? Ans: (a) River
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4 19. [ 2011] The Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy and (a) Govind Sagar - Satluj
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 3 only Mekong Rivers originate in Tibet’s narrow (b) Kolleru Lake - Krishna
Ans: (d) and parallel mountain ranges in their up- (c) Ukai Reservoir - Tapi
per reaches. Of these rivers, Brahmaputra (d) Wular Lake - Jhelum
16. [2014] Which one of the following pairs makes a “U” turn in its course to flow into Ans: (b)
of islands is separated from each other by India. This “U” turn is due to
the ‘Ten Degree Channel’? (a) Uplift of folded Himalayan series 23. [ 2009] Which one of the following rivers
(a) Andaman and Nicobar (b) Syntaxial bending of geologically does not originate in India ?
(b) Nicobar and Sumatra young Himalayas (a) Beas (b) Chenab
(c) Maldives and Lakshadweep (c) Geo-tectonic disturbance in the tertia- (c) Ravi (d) Sutlej
(d) Sumatra and Java ry folded mountain chains Ans: (d)
Ans: (a) (d) Both (a) and (b) above
Ans: (b) 24. [ 2009] At which one of the following
17. [2014] Consider the following rivers : places do two important rivers of India
1. Barak 20. [ 2010] Rivers that pass through Himach- originate; while one of them flows towards
2. Lohit al Pradesh are north and merges with another important
3. Subansiri (a) Beas and Chenab only river flowing towards Bay of Bengal, the
which of the above flows/flow through (b) Beas and Ravi only other one flows towards Arabian Sea ?
Arunachal Pradesh ? (c) Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej only (a) Amarkantak (b) Badrinath
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) Beas, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Yamuna (c) Mahabaleshwar (d) Nasik
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans: (d) Ans: (a)
Ans: (b)
21. [ 2010] With reference to the river Luni, 25. [ 2009] Consider the following statements :
18. [2013] The Narmada river flows to the which one of the following statements is 1. There are no east flowing rivers in
west, while most other large peninsular correct ? Kerala.
rivers flow to the east. Why? (a) It flows into Gulf of Khambhat 2. There are no west flowing rivers in
(1). It occupies a linear rift valley. (b) It flows into Gulf of Kachchh Madhya Pradesh.
(2). It flows between the Vindhyas and (c) It flows into Pakistan and merges with Which of the statements given above is/
the Satpuras. a tributary of Indus are correct ?
(3). The land slopes to the west from (d) It is lost in the marshy land of the Rann (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Central India. of Kuchcch (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Select the correct answer using the Ans: (d) Ans: (d)
codes given below.

[Microtheme]
#3. World Map related 
1. [ 2025] Consider the following countries: more than four time zones? 6. [ 2025] Consider the following pairs:
1. Bolivia (a) All the five (b) Only four Region Country
2. Brazil (c) Only three (d) Only two I. Mallorca Italy
3. Colombia Ans: (b) II. Normandy Spain
4. Ecuador III. Sardinia France
5. Paraguay 4. [ 2025] Consider the following statements: In how many of the above rows is the given
6. Venezuela I. Anadyr in Siberia and Nome in Alaska information correctly matched?
How many of the above countries do the are a few kilometers from each other, but (a) Only one (b) Only two
Andes mountains pass through? when people are waking up and getting set (c) All three (d) None
(a) Only two (b) Only three for breakfast in these cities, it would be Ans: (d)
(c) Only four (d) Only five different days.
Ans: (c) II. When it is Monday in Anadyr, it is Tues- 7. [ 2024] Consider the following countries:
day in Nome. 1. Finland
2. [ 2025] Consider the following water Which of the statements given above is/ 2. Germany
bodies: are correct? 3. Norway
1. Lake Tanganyika (a) I only (b) II only 4. Russia
2. Lake Tonlé Sap (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II How many of the above countries have a
3. Patos Lagoon Ans: (a) border with the North Sea?
Through how many of the above does the (a) Only one (b) Only two
Equator pass? 5. [ 2025] Consider the following pairs: (c) Only three
(a) Only one (b) Only two Country Resource-rich in (d) All four
(c) All three (d) None I. Botswana Diamond Ans: (b)
Ans: (d) II. Chile Lithium
III. Indonesia Nickel 8. [ 2024] The longest border between any
3. [ 2025] Consider the following countries: In how many of the above rows is the given two countries in the world is between:
I. United Kingdom information correctly matched? (a) Canada and the United States of
II. Denmark (a) Only one (b) Only two America
III. New Zealand (c) All the three (d) None (b) Chile and Argentina
IV. Australia Ans: (c) (c) China and India
V. Brazil (d) Kazakhstan and Russian Federation
How many of the above countries have Ans: (a)

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

access to Afghanistan and Central Asia. (a) Kota Bharu

9. [ 2023] Consider the following countries: (d) Pakistan will facilitate and protect the (b) Kuala Terongganu
1. Bulgaria installation of a gas pipeline between Iraq (c) Putrajaya
2. Czech Republic and India. (d) Taiping
3. Hungary Ans: (c) Ans: (c)
4. Latvia
5. Lithuania 14. [ 2017] Which of the following is geo- 20. [ 2009] Elephant Pass, which is fre-
6. Romania graphically closest to Great Nicobar ? quently in the news, is mentioned in the
How many of the above-mentioned coun- (a) Sumatra (b) Borneo context of the affairs of which one of the
tries share a land border with Ukraine? (c) Java (d) Sri Lanka following ?
(a) Only two (b) Only three Ans: (a) (a) Bangladesh (b) India
(c) Only four (d) Only five (c) Nepal (d) Sri Lanka
Ans: (a) 15. [ 2014] What is the correct, sequence Ans: (d)
of occurrence of the following cities in
10. [ 2022] The term “Levant” often heard in South-East Asia as one proceeds from 21. [ 2009] Consider the following countries :
the news roughly corresponds to which of south to north? 1. Australia
the following regions ? 1. Bangkok 2. Namibia
(a) Region along the eastern Mediterra- 2. Hanoi 3. Brazil
nean shores 3. Jakarta 4. Chile
(b) Region along North African shores 4. Singapore Through which of the above does the
stretching from Egypt to Morocco Select the correct answer using the code Tropic of Capricorn pass ?
(c) Region along Persian Gulf and Horn of given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2,3 and 4 only
Africa (a) 4-2-1-3 (b) 3-2-4-1 (c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 1,2,3 and 4
(d) The entire coastal areas of Mediterra- (c) 3-4-1-2 (d) 4-3-2-1 Ans: (d)
nean Sea Ans: (c)
Ans: (a) 22. [ 2009] Which one of the following pairs
16. [ 2014] Turkey is located between is not correctly matched ?
11. [ 2022] Which one of the following lakes (a) Black Sea and Caspian Sea (a) Berlin : Rhine
of West Africa has become dry and (b) Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea (b) London : Thames
turned into a desert ? (c) Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean Sea (c) New York : Hudson
(a) Lake Victoria (b) Lake Faguibine (d) Gulf of Aqaba and Dead Sea (d) Vienna : Danube
(c) Lake Oguta (d) Lake Volta Ans: (b) Ans: (a)
Ans: (b)
17. [ 2013] Which of the following pairs is 23. [ 2009] Match List I with List II and select
12. [ 2018] Consider the following pairs : correctly matched? the correct answer using the code given
Regions sometimes mentioned in news Geographical Feature - Region below the lists
Country (a) Abyssinian Plateau : Arabia (Geographic feature) (Country)
1. Catalonia - Spain (b) Atlas Mountains : North-Western A. Great Victoria Desert 1. Australia
2. Crimea - Hungary Africa B. Grand Canyon 2. Canada
3. Mindanao - Philippines (c) Guiana Highlands : South-Western C. Lake Winnipeg 3. New Zealand
4. Oromia - Nigeria Africa D. Southern Alps 4. USA
Which of the pairs given above are cor- (d) Okavango Basin : Patagonia (a) A-1; B-2; C-4; D-3
rectly matched? Ans: (b) (b) A-1; B-4; C-2; D-3
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 4 only (c) A-3; B-2; C-4; D-1
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 4 only 18. [ 2010] Which one of the following can (d) A-3; B-4; C-2; D-1
Ans: (b) one come across if one travels through Ans: (b)
the Strait of Malacca ?
13. [ 2017] What is the importance of devel- (a) Bali (b) Brunei 24. [ 2009] Cape Canaveral, the site from
oping Chabahar Port by India? (c) Java (d) Singapore which space shuttled are launched is
(a) India’s trade with African countries will Ans: (d) located on the coast of
enormously increase. (a) Florida (b) Virginia
(b) India’s relations with oil-producing 19. [ 2009] Which one of the following is the (c) North Carolina (d) South Carolina
Arab countries will be strengthened. country’s administrative capital/new fed- Ans: (a)
(c) India will not depend on Pakistan for eral administrative centre of Malaysia ?

[Microtheme]
#4. Trees/Forests/Vegetation 
1. [ 2023] Consider the following trees : 1. It is a fungus trees, the vegetation is largely composed
1. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) 2. It grows in some Himalayan forest areas of plant forms that reach up into the
2. Mahua (Madhuca indica) 3. It is commercially cultivated in the Hima- canopy vicariously by climbing the trees or
3. Teak (Tectona grandis) layan foothills of north-eastern India growing as epiphytes rooted on the upper
How many of the above are deciduous Which of the statements given above is branches of trees. This is the most likely
trees? correct? description of:
(a) Only one (b) Only two (a) 1 only (b) 3 only (a) coniferous forest
(c) All three (d) None (c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3 (b) dry deciduous forest
Ans: (b) Ans: (c) (c) mangrove forest
(d) tropical rainforest”
2. [ 2022] With reference to ‘Gucchi’ some- 3. [ 2021] Leaf litter decomposes faster than Ans: (d)
times mentioned in the news, Consider the in any other biome, and as a result, the soil
following statements : surface is often almost bare. Apart from

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

4. [ 2015] In India, in which one of the follow- (b) Tropical rain forest
ing types of forests is teak a dominant tree (c) Tropical thorn scrub forest
species? (d) Temperate forest with grasslands
(a) Tropical moist deciduous forest Ans: (a)

[Microtheme]
#5. Minerals 
1. [ 2025] Consider the following statements: Uranium, enriched to the extent of at Which of the statements given above is /
I. India has joined the Minerals Security least 60%, is required for the production of are correct?
Partnership as a member. electricity. (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
II. India is a resource-rich country in all the Which one of the following is correct in (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
30 critical minerals that it has identified. respect of the above statements? Ans: (a)
III. The Parliament in 2023 has amended (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
the Mines and Minerals (Development and correct and Statement-II is the correct 10. [ 2019] Consider the following state-
Regulation) Act, 1957 empowering the explanation for Statement-I ments:
Central Government to exclusively auction (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are 1. Coal sector was nationalized by the
mining lease and composite license for correct and Statement-II is not the correct Government of India under Indira Gandhi.
certain critical minerals. explanation for Statement-1 2. Now, coal blocks are allocated on
Which of the statements given above are (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II lottery basis.
correct? is incorrect 3. Till recently, India imported coal to
(a) I and II only (b) II and III only (d) Statement-I is incorrect but State- meet the shortages of domestic supply,
(c) I and III only (d) I, II and III ment-II is correct but now India is self-sufficient in coal
Ans: (c) Ans: (c) production.
Which of the statements given above is/
2. [ 2025] Consider the following statements: 6. [ 2022] With reference to India, Consider are correct?
Statement I: the following statements : (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
Some rare earth elements are used in the 1. Monazite is a source of rare earths. (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
manufacture of flat television screens and 2. Monazite contains thorium. Ans: (a)
computer monitors. 3. Monazite occurs naturally in the entire
Statement II: Indian coastal sands in India. 11. [ 2019] Which of the following state-
Some rare earth elements have phospho- 4. In India, Government bodies only can ments are correct about the deposits of
rescent properties. process or export monazite. ‘methane hydrate?
Which one of the following is correct in Which of the statements given above are 1. Global warming might trigger the
respect of the above statements? correct ? release of methane gas from these
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only deposits.
correct and Statement II explains State- (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 2. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’
ment I Ans: (b) are found in Arctic Tundra and under the
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are seafloor.
correct but Statement II does not explain 7. [ 2020] The term ‘West Texas Intermediate’ 3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to
Statement I sometimes found in news, refers to a grade of carbon dioxide after a decade or two.
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II (a) Crude oil Select the correct answer using the code
is not correct (b) Bullion given below.
(d) Statement I is not correct but State- (c) Rare earth elements (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
ment II is correct (d) Uranium (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (a) Ans: (a) Ans: (d)

3. [ 2023] About three-fourths of world’s 8. [ 2020] Consider the following minerals: 12. [ 2018] Consider the following state-
cobalt, a metal required for the manufac- 1. Bentonite ments:
ture of batteries for electric motor vehicles, 2. Chromite 1. In India, State Governments do not
is produced by 3. Kyanite have the power to auction non-coal
(a) Argentina 4. Sillimanite mines.
(b) Botswana In India, which of the above is/are officially 2. Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand do not
(c) the Democratic Republic of the Congo designated as major minerals? have gold mines.
(d) Kazakhstan (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 4 only 3. Rajasthan has iron ore mines.
Ans: (c) (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only Which of the statements given above is/
Ans: (d) are correct?
4. [ 2023] Ilmenite and rutile, abundant- (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only
ly available in certain coastal tracts of 9. [ 2019] With reference to the management (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 only
India, are rich sources of which one of the of minor minerals in India, consider the Ans: (d)
following? following statements:
(a) Aluminium (b) Copper 1. Sand is a ‘minor mineral’ according to 13. [ 2016] In which of the following regions
(c) Iron (d) Titanium the prevailing law in the country. of India are shale gas resources found?
Ans: (d) 2. State Governments have the power to 1. Cambay Basin
grant mining leases of minor minerals, but 2. Cauvery Basin
5. [ 2023] Consider the following statements : the powers regarding the formation of rules 3. Krishna-Godavari Basin
Statement-I : related to the grant of minor minerals lie Select the correct answer using the code
India, despite having uranium deposits, with the Central Government. given below.
depends on coal for most of its electricity 3. State Governments have the power to (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
production. frame rules to prevent illegal mining of (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Statement-II : minor minerals. Ans: (d)

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

14. [ 2014] With reference to two non-con- 1. Thorium is far more abundant in nature (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
ventional energy sources called ‘coalbed than uranium. (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
methane’ and ‘shale gas’, consider the 2. On the basis of per unit mass of mined Ans: (c)
following statements: mineral, thorium can generate more ener-
1. Coalbed methane is the pure methane gy compared to natural uranium. 20. [ 2011] In the context of global oil prices,
gas extracted from coal seams, while 3. Thorium produces less harmful waste “Brent crude oil” is frequently referred to
shale gas is a mixture of propane and compared to uranium. in the news. What does this term imply?
butane only that can be extracted from Which of the statements given above is/ 1. It is a major classification of crude oil.
fine-grained sedimentary rocks. are correct? 2. It is sourced from the North Sea. 3. It
2. In India, abundant coalbed methane (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only does not contain sulphur.
sources exist, but so far no shale gas (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 2 only (b) 1 and 2 only
sources have been found. Ans: (d) (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the statements given above is/ Ans: (b)
are correct? 18. [ 2012] Despite having large reserves of
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only coal, why does India import millions of 21. [ 2010] With reference to the mineral
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 tonnes of coal? resources of India, consider the following
Ans: (d) 1. It is the policy of India to save its own pairs:
coal reserves for future and import it from Mineral 90% Natural sources in
15. [ 2013] Which of the following is/are the other countries for the present use. 1. Copper Jharkhand
characteristic/ characteristics of Indian 2. most of the power plants in India are 2. Nickel Orissa
coal ? coal based and they are not able to get 3. Tungsten Kerala
(1). High ash content sufficient supplies of coal from within the Which of the pairs give above is/are cor-
(2). Low sulphur content country rectly matched?
(3). Low ash fusion temperature 3. Steel companies need large quantity (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
Select the correct answer using the of coking coal which has to be imported (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
codes given below. Which of the statements given above is/ Ans: (b)
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only are correct?
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only 22. [ 2009] Which among the following has
Ans: (a) (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 the world’s largest reserves of Uranium?
Ans: (b) (a) Australia
16. [2013] Consider the following statements : (b) Canada
(1). Natural gas occurs in the Gondwana 19. [ 2012] Recently there has been a con- (c) Russian Federation
beds. cern over the short supply of a group of (d) USA
(2). Mica occurs in abundance in Kodarma. elements called rare earth metals. Why? Ans: (a)
(3). Dharwars are famous for petroleum. 1. China, which is the largest producer
Which of the statements given above is/ of these elements, has imposed some 23. [ 2009] Consider the following state-
are correct? restrictions on their export. ments:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only 2. Other than China, Australia, Canada, 1. India does not have any deposits of
(c) 2 and 3 (d) None Chile, these elements are not found in Thorium.
Ans: (b) any country. 2. Kerala’s monazito sands contain
3. Rare earth metals are essential for the Uranium.
17. [2012] To meet its rapidly growing manufacture of various kinds of electron- Which of the statements given above is/
energy demand, some opine that India ic items and there is growing demand are correct ?
should pursue research and development for these elements. Select the correct (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
on thorium as the future fuel of nuclear answer using the code given below: (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
energy. In this context, what advantage Ans: (d)
does thorium hold over uranium?

[Microtheme]
#6. Climatic/Geographic Region 
1. [ 2024] Consider the following description: region? 4. [ 2023] Which one of the following is a part
1. Annual and daily range of temperatures (a) Amazon Basin of the Congo Basin?
is low. (b) Congo Basin (a) Cameroon (b) Nigeria
2. Precipitation occurs throughout the year. (c) Kikori basin (c) South Sudan (d) Uganda
3. Precipitation varies between 50 cm – (d) Rio De La Plata Basin Ans: (a)
250 cm. Ans: (b)
What is this type of climate? 5. [ 2023] Consider the following statements
(a) Equatorial Climate 3. [ 2024] Consider the following statements: Statement-I:
(b) China type climate 1. The Red Sea receives very little precipi- The soil in tropical rain forests is rich in
(c) Humid sub tropical climate tation in any form. nutrients.
(d) Marine west coast climate 2. No water enters the Red Sea from rivers. Statement-II:
Ans: (d) Which of the statements given above is/ The high temperature and moisture of trop-
are correct? ical rain forests cause dead organic matter
2. [ 2024] One of the following regions has (a) 1 only (b) 2 only in the soil to decompose quickly.
the world’s largest tropical peatland, which (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Which one of the following is correct in
holds about three years’ worth of global Ans: (a) respect of the above statements?
carbon emissions from fossil fuels, and the (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
possible destruction of which can exert a correct and Statement-II is the correct
detrimental effect on the global climate. explanation for Statement-I
Which one of the following denotes that (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

correct and Statement-II is not the correct 9. [ 2015] Consider the following States : 14. [ 2011] A state in India has the following
explanation for Statement-I (1) Arunachal Pradesh characteristics: 1. Its northern part is arid
(c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II (2) Himachal Pradesh and semi-arid. 2. Its central part produces
is incorrect (3) Mizoram cotton. 3. Cultivation of cash crops is pre-
(d) Statement-I is incorrect but State- In which of the above States do ‘Tropical dominant over food crops. Which one of
ment-II is correct Wet Evergreen Forests’ occur? the following states has all of the above
Ans: (d) (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only characteristics?
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) Andhra Pradesh
6. [ 2021] The vegetation of savannah Ans: (c) (b) Gujarat
consists of grassland with scattered small (c) Karnataka
trees, but extensive areas have no trees. 10. [ 2015] Which one of the following (d) Tamil Nadu
The forest development in such areas is regions of India has a combination of Ans: (b)
generally kept in check by one or more or a mangrove forest, evergreen
combination of some conditions. Which of forest and deciduous forest? 15. [ 2010] A geographic area with an
the following are such conditions? (a) North Coastal Andhra Pradesh altitude of 400 metres has following char-
1. Burrowing animals and termites (b) South-West Bengal acteristics shown in table below.
2. Fire (c) Southern Saurashtra If this geographic area were to have a
3. Grazing herbivores (d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands natural forest, which one of the following
4. Seasonal rainfall Ans: (d) would it most likely be ?
5. Soil properties Month J F M
Select the correct answer using the code 11. [ 2013] Climate is extreme, rainfall is A M J J A
given below. scanty and the people used to be nomad- S O N D
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 4 and 5 ic herders. Average Maximum Temp. °C 3.1
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 5 The above statement best describes 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0
Ans: (c) which of the following regions? 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0
(a) African Savannah 2.1
7. [ 2015] Each day is more or less the same, (b) Central Asian Steppe Average Minimum Temp. °C 2.1
the morning is clear and bright with a sea (c) North American Prairie 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
breeze; as the Sun (d) Siberian Tundra 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
climbs high in the sky, heat mounts up, Ans: (b) 2.0
dark clouds form, then rain comes with Rainfall (mm) 51 85 1.88
thunder and 12. [ 2012] Which one of the following is 1.58 1.39 1.21 1.34 1.68
lightning. But rain is soon over. the characteristic climate of the Tropical 1.85 2.21 1.98 86
Which of the following regions is described Savannah Region? (a) Moist Temperate Coniferous Forest
in the above passage? (a) Rainfall throughout the year (b) Montane Subtropical Forest
(a) Savannah (b) Rainfall in winter only (c) Temperate Forest
(b) Equatorial (c) An extremely short dry season (d) Tropical Rainforest
(c) Monsoon (d) A definite dry and wet season Ans: (a)
(d) Mediterranean Ans: (d)
Ans: (b) 16. [ 2010] A geographic region has the
13. [ 2011] What could be the main reason/ following distinct characteristics:
8. [ 2015] In a particular region in India, the reasons for the formation of African and 1. Warm and dry climate
local people train the roots of living trees Eurasian desert belts? 2. Mild and wet winter
into robust bridges 1. It is located in the sub-tropical high 3. Evergreen oak trees The above features
across the streams. As the time passes, pressure cells. are the distinct characteristics of which
these bridges become stronger. These 2. It is under the influence of warm ocean one of the following regions ?
unique ‘living currents. (a) Mediterranean
root bridges’ are found in (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (b) Eastern China
(a) Meghalaya (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) Central Asia
(b) Himachal Pradesh Ans: (a) (d) Atlantic Coast of North America
(c) Jharkhand Ans: (a)
(d) Tamil Nadu
Ans: (a)

[Microtheme]
#7. Atmosphere 
1. [ 2025] Consider the following statements: (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are atmosphere maintains our planet’s average
Statement I: correct but Statement II does not explain temperature.
The amount of dust particles in the Statement I III. Atmosphere’s gases, like carbon dioxide,
atmosphere is more in subtropical and (c) Statement I is correct but Statement II are particularly good at absorbing and
temperate areas than in equatorial and is not correct trapping radiation.
polar regions. (d) Statement I is not correct but State- Which of the statements given above are
Statement II: ment II is correct correct?
Subtropical and temperate areas have less Ans: (c) (a) I and III only
dry winds. (b) I and II only
Which one of the following is correct in 2. [ 2025] Consider the following statements: (c) I, II and III
respect of the above statements? I. Without the atmosphere, temperature (d) II and III only
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are would be well below freezing point every- Ans: (c)
correct and Statement II explains State- where on the Earth’s surface.
ment I II. Heat absorbed and trapped by the

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

3. [ 2024] With reference to “water vapour,” 7. [ 2011] The jet aircrafts fly very easily and
which of the following statements is/are 5. [ 2023] With reference to the Earth’s smoothly in the lower stratosphere. What
correct? atmosphere, which one of the following could be the appropriate explanation?
1. It is a gas, the amount of which decreas- statements is correct? 1. There are no clouds or water vapour in
es with altitude. (a) The total amount of insolation received the lower stratosphere.
2. Its percentage is maximum at the poles. at the equator is roughly about 10 times of 2. There are no vertical winds in the lower
Select the answer using the code given that received at the poles. stratosphere.
below: (b) Infrared rays constitute roughly two- (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only thirds of insolation. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) Infrared waves are largely absorbed by Ans: (c)
Ans: (a) water vapour that is concentrated in the
lower atmosphere. 8. [ 2011] A layer in the Earth’s atmosphere
4. [ 2024] Consider the following statements: (d) Infrared waves are a part of visible called the ionosphere facilitates radio
Statement-I: spectrum of electromagnetic waves of communication. Why?
Thickness of the troposphere at the equa- solar radiation 1. The presence of ozone causes the
tor is much greater as compared to poles. Ans: (c) reflection of radio waves to earth.
Statement-II: 2. Radio waves have a very long wave-
At the equator, heat is transported to great 6. [ 2012] Normally, the temperature length.
heights by strong convectional currents. decreases with the increase in height (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Which one of the following is correct in from the Earth’s surface, because: 1. The (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
respect of the above statements? atmosphere can be heated upwards only Ans: (d)
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are from the Earth’s surface. 2. There is more
correct and Statement-II explains State- moisture in the upper atmosphere. 3. The 9. [ 2010] Which one of the following reflects
ment-I air is less dense in the upper atmosphere. back more sunlight as compared to other
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are Select the correct answer using the code three?
correct, but Statement-II does not explain given below: (a) Sand desert
Statement-I (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (b) Paddy crop land
(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Land covered with fresh snow
is incorrect Ans: (c) (d) Prairie land
(d) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II Ans: (c)
is incorrect
Ans: (a)

[Microtheme]
#8. Oceanography 
1. [ 2021] Consider the following statements: 2. Only some cyclones develop an eye. (2) Gravitational force of the Moon
[Link] the tropical zone, the western sections 3. The temperature inside the eye of a cy- (3) Centrifugal force of the Earth
of the oceans are warmer than the eastern clone is nearly 10°C lesser than that of the Select the correct answer using the code
sections owing to the influence of trade surroundings. given below.
winds. Which of the statements given above is/ (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
[Link] the temperate zone, westerlies make are correct? (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
the eastern sections of oceans warmer (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only Ans: (d)
than the western sections. (c) 2 only (d) 1 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/ Ans: (c) 7. [ 2013] The most important fishing
are correct? grounds of the world are found in the
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 4. [ 2015] What explains the eastward flow of regions where
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 the equatorial counter-current? (a) warm and cold atmospheric currents
Ans: (c) (a) The Earth’s rotation on its own axis meet
(b) Convergence of the two equatorial (b) rivers drain out large amounts of fresh-
2. [ 2020] With reference to Ocean Mean currents water into the sea
Temperature (OMT), which of the following (c) Difference is salinity of water (c) warm and cold oceanic currents meet
statements (d) Occurance of the belt of calm near the (d) continental shelf is undulating
is/are correct? equator What explains the eastward flow Ans: (c)
1. OMT is measured up to a depth of of the equatorial counter-current?
26°C isotherm which is 129 meters in the Ans: (b) 8. [ 2012] Consider the following factors
southwestern Indian Ocean during January 1. Rotation of the Earth
— March. 5. [ 2015] In the South Atlantic and 2. Air pressure and wind
2. OMT collected during January — March South-Eastern Pacific regions in tropical 3. Density of ocean water
can be used in assessing whether the latitudes, cyclone does not 4. Revolution of the Earth
amount of rainfall in monsoon will be less originate What is the reason? Which of the above factors influence the
or more than a certain long-term mean. (a) Sea surface temperatures are low ocean currents?
Select the correct answer using the code (b) Inter-Tropical convergence Zone seldom (a) 1 and 2 Only (b) 1, 2 and 3
given below: occurs (c) 1 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Coriolis force is too weak Ans: (b)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Absence of land in those regions
Ans: (b) Ans: (b) 9. [ 2011] La Nina is suspected to have
caused recent floods in Australia. How is
3. [ 2020] Consider the following statements: 6. [ 2015] Tides occur in the oceans and seas La Nina different from EI Nino?
1. Jet streams occur in the Northern Hemi- due to which among the following? 1. La Nina is characterized by unusually
sphere only. (1) Gravitational force of the Sun cold ocean temperature in the equatorial

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

Indian ocean whereas EI Nino is character- 10. [ 2010] A new type of El Nino called El (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
ized by unusually warm ocean temperature Nino Modoki appeared in the news. In this (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. context, consider the following state- Ans: (b)
2. EI Nino has an adverse effect on the ments:
southwest monsoon of India, but La Nina 1. Normal El Nino forms in the Central 11. [ 2009] Consider the following names :
has no effect on monsoon climate. Which Pacific ocean whereas El-Nino Modoki 1. Ike
of the statements given above is/are forms in Eastern Pacific ocean. 2. Kate
correct? 2. Normal EI Nino results in diminished 3. Gustav
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only hurricanes in the Atlantic ocean but El Which of the above are the names of hur-
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Nino Modoki results in a greater number ricanes that had occurred very recently ?
Ans: (d) of hurricanes with greater frequency. (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above is/ (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
are correct ? Ans: (c)

[Microtheme]
#9. World MapXWater Bodies 
1. [ 2022] Consider the following pairs : 4. Mediterranean Sea: Morocco 6. [ 2015] Which one of the following coun-
Reservoirs - States 5. Red Sea: Syria tries of South-West Asia does not open out
1. Ghataprabha — Telangana Which of the pair given above are correctly to the Mediterranean Sea?
2. Gandhi Sagar — Madhya Pradesh matched? (a) Syria (b) Jordan
3. Indira Sagar — Andhra Pradesh (a) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) Lebanon (d) Israel
4. Maithon — Chhattisgarh (c) 2 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Ans: (b)
How many pairs given above are not cor- Ans: (b)
rectly matched ? 7. [ 2013] On the planet earth, most of the
(a) Only one pair (b) Only two pairs 4. [ 2018] Which of the following has/have freshwater exists as ice caps and glaciers.
(c) Only three pairs (d) All four pairs shrunk immensely/dried up in the recent Out of the remaining freshwater, the larg-
Ans: (c) past due to human activities? est proportion
[Link] Sea (a) is found in atmosphere as moisture and
2. [ 2021] With reference to the water on [Link] Sea clouds
the planet Earth, consider the following [Link] Baikal (b) is found in freshwater lakes and rivers
statements: Select the correct answer using the code (c) exists as groundwater
1. The amount of water in the rivers and given below: (d) exists as soil moisture
lakes is more than the amount of ground- (a) 1 only (b) b)2 and 3 only Ans: (c)
water. (c) c)2 only (d) d)1 and 3
2. The amount of water in polar ice caps Ans: (d) 8. [ 2010] Consider the following statements:
and glaciers is more than the amount of 1. On the planet Earth, the fresh water
groundwater. 5. [ 2017] Mediterranean Sea is a border of available for use amounts to about less
Which of the statements given above is/ which of the following countries ? than 1% of the total water found.
are correct? 1. Jordan 2. Of the total fresh water found on the
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 2. Iraq planet Earth 95% is bound up in polar ice
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 3. Lebanon caps and glaciers.
Ans: (b) 4. Syria Which of the statements given above is/
Select the correct answer using the code are correct?
3. [ 2019] Consider the following pairs: given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Sea : Bordering country (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. Adriatic Sea: Albania (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only Ans: (a)
2. Black Sea: Croatia Ans: (c)
3. Caspian Sea: Kazakhstan

[Microtheme]
#10. Indian GeographyXPhysiographic features 
1. [ 2023] Which one of the following is fold mountains? (a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Assam
the best example of repeated falls in sea (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only (c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Uttarakhand
level, giving rise to present-day extensive (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Ans: (a)
marshland? Ans: (d)
(a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves 4. [ 2011] Among the following states, which
(b) Marakkanam Salt Pans 3. [ 2012] A particular State in India has the one has the most suitable climatic condi-
(c) Naupada Swamp following characteristics: tions for the cultivation of a large variety of
(d) Rann of Kutch 1. It is located on the same latitude which orchids with minimum cost of production,
Ans: (d) passes through northern Rajasthan. and can develop an export-oriented indus-
2. It has over 80% of its area under forest try in this field?
2. [ 2012] When you travel in Himalayas, you cover. (a) Andhra Pradesh
will see the following: 1. Deep gorges 2. 3. Over 12% of forest cover constitutes the (b) Arunachal Pradesh
U-turn river courses 3. Parallel mountain Protected Area Network in this State. (c) Madhya Pradesh
ranges 4. Steep gradients causing land Which one among the following States has (d) Uttar Pradesh
sliding Which of the above can be said to all the above characteristics? Ans: (b)
be the evidence for Himalayas being young

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

5. [ 2011] Southeast Asia has captivated 6. [ 2010] Which one of the following is the 7. [ 2010] If there were no Himalayan ranges,
the attention of the global community over appropriate reason for considering the what would have been the most likely
space and time as a geo-strategically sig- Gondwana rocks as most important of rock geographical impact on India ?
nificant region. Which among the following systems of India ? 1. Much of the country would experience
is the most convincing explanation for this (a) More than 90% of limestone reserves of the cold waves from Siberia.
global perspective? India are found in them 2. Indo-gangetic plain would be devoid of
(a) It was the hot theatre during the Sec- (b) More than 90% of India’s coal reserves such extensive alluvial soils.
ond World War. are found in them 3. The pattern of monsoon would be differ-
(b) Its location between the Asian powers (c) More than 90% of fertile black cotton ent from what it is at present.
of China and India. soils are spread over them Which of the statements given above is/are
(c) It was the arena of superpower confron- (d) None of the reasons given above is correct ?
tation during the Cold War period. appropriate in this context (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(d) Its location between the Pacific and Ans: (b) (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
Indian Oceans and its preeminent maritime Ans: (d)
character.
Ans: (d)

[Microtheme]
#11. Geomorphology 
1. [ 2025] Which of the following are the (a) Both Statement II and Statement III are
evidences of the phenomenon of continen- correct and both of them explain State- 4. [ 2023] Consider the following statements:
tal drift? ment I 1. In a seismograph, P waves are recorded
I. The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil (b) Both Statement II and Statement III earlier than S waves.
coast matches with those from Western are correct but only one of them explains 2. In P waves, the individual particles
Africa. Statement I vibrate to and fro in the direction of waves
II. The gold deposits of Ghana are derived (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is propogation whereas in S waves, the parti-
from the Brazil plateau when the two correct and that explains Statement I cles vibrate up and down at right angles to
continents (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III the direction of wave propagation.
lay side by side. is correct Which of the statements given above is/
III. The Gondwana system of sediments Ans: (c) are correct?
from India is known to have its counter- (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
parts in six 3. [ 2024] Consider the following statements: (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
different landmasses of the Southern Statement-I: Ans: (c)
Hemisphere. Rainfall is one of the reasons for weather-
Select the correct answer using the code ing of rocks. 5. [ 2021] In case of which one of the follow-
given below: Statement-II: ing biogeochemical cycles, the weathering
(a) I and III only (b) I and II only Rain water contains carbon dioxide in of rocks is the main source of release of
(c) I, II and III (d) II and III only solution. nutrient to enter
Ans: (c) Statement-III: the cycle?
Rain water contains atmospheric oxygen. (a) Carbon cycle (b) Nitrogen cycle
2. [ 2025] Consider the following statements: Which one of the following is correct in (c) Phosphorus cycle (d) Sulphur
Statement I: respect of the above statements? cycle
In the context of effect of water on rocks, (a) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are Ans: (c)
chalk is known as a very permeable rock, correct and both of them explain State-
whereas clay is known as quite an imper- ment-I 6. [ 2009] In the structure of planet Earth,
meable or least permeable rock. (b) Both Statement-II and Statement-III below the mantle, the core is mainly made
Statement II: are correct, but only one of them explains up of which one of the following ?
Chalk is porous and hence can absorb Statement-I (a) Aluminium (b) Chromium
water. (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is (c) Iron (d) Silicon
Statement III: correct and that explains Statement-I Ans: (c)
Clay is not at all porous. (d) Neither Statement-II nor Statement-III
Which one of the following is correct in is correct
respect of the above statements? Ans: (a)

[Microtheme]
#12. Latitude,Longitude,Solstice 
1. [ 2024] On June 21 every year, which of 3. [ 2019] On 21st June, the Sun
the following latitude(s) experience a sun- 2. [ 2022] In the northern hemisphere, the (a) does not set below the horizon at the
light of more than 12 hours? longest day of the year normally occurs in Arctic Circle
1. Equator the : (b) does not set below the horizon at Ant-
2. Tropic of Cancer (a) First half of the month of June arctic Circle
3. Tropic of Capricorn (b) Second half of the month of June (c) shines vertically overhead at noon on
4. Arctic Circle (c) First half of the month of July the Equator
Select the correct answer using the code (d) Second half of the month of July (d) shines vertically overhead at the Tropic
given below: Ans: (b) of Capricorn
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only Ans: (a)
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
Ans: (d)

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

4. [ 2018] Among the following cities, which an elliptical manner Andaman Sea.
one lies on a longitude closest to that of (c) latitudinal position of the place (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Delhi? (d) revolution of the earth on a tilted axis (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) Bengaluru (b) Hyderabad Ans: (d) Ans: (b)
(c) Nagpur (d) Pune
Ans: (a) 6. [ 2011] Between India and East Asia, the 7. [ 2010] The latitudes that pass through
navigation time and distance can be great- Sikkim also pass through
5. [ 2013] Variations in the length of daytime ly reduced by which of the following? (a) Rajasthan (b) Punjab
and nighttime from season to season are 1. Deepeing the Malacca straits between (c) Himachal Pradesh
due to Malaysia and Indonesia. (d) Jammu & Kashmir
(a) the earth’s rotation on its axis 2. Opening a new canal across the Kra- Ans: (a)
(b) the earth’s revolution round the sun in isthmus between the Gulf of Siam and

[Microtheme]
#13. Mountains/Hills 
1. [ 2024] Consider the following information: are correct? 5. [ 2017] Consider the following statements:
Region Name of the mountain range (a) Only one (b) Only two 1. In India, the Himalayas are spread over
Type of mountain (c) All three (d) None five States only.
1. Central Asia Vosges Fold mountain Ans: (d) 2. Western Ghats are spread over five
2. Europe Alps Block mountain States only.
3. North America Appalachians Fold 3. [ 2022] Consider the following pairs : 3. Pulicat Lake is spread over two States only.
mountain Peak Mountains Which of the statements given above is/are
4. South America Andes Fold 1. Namcha Barwa — Garhwal Himalaya correct ?
mountain 2. Nanda Devi — Kumaon Himalaya (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
In how many of the above rows is the given 3. Nokrek — Sikkim Himalaya (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
information correctly matched? Which of the pairs given above is/are cor- Ans: (b)
(a) Only one (b) Only two rectly matched ?
(c) Only three (d) All four (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only 6. [ 2014] Consider the following pairs :
Ans: (b) (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 only Hills Region
Ans: (b) 1. Cardamom Hills : Coromandel Coast
2. [ 2023] Consider the following statements: 2. Kaimur Hills : Konkan Coast
1. Amarkantak Hills are at the confluence 4. [ 2020] Siachen Glacier is situated to the 3. Mahadeo Hills : Central India
of Vindhya and Sahyadri Ranges. (a) East of Aksai Chin 4. Mikir Hills : North-East India
2. Biligirirangan Hills constitute the east- (b) East of Leh Which of the pairs are correctly matched?
ernmost part of Satpura Range. (c) North of Gilgit (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
3. Seshachalam Hills constitute the south- (d) North of Nubra Valley (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 2 and 4 only
ernmost part of Western Ghats Ans: (d) Ans: (c)
How many of the statements given above

[Microtheme]
#14. Universe,Solar System,Earth 
1. [ 2025] Consider the following statements: 2. [ 2018] Consider the following statements : 4. [ 2013] Consider the following :
Statement I: Scientific studies suggest [Link] Earth’s magnetic field has reversed (1). Electromagnetic radiation
that a shift is taking place in the Earth’s every few hundred thousand years. (2). Geothermal energy
rotation and axis. [Link] the Earth was created more than (3). Gravitational force
Statement II: Solar flares and associated 4000 million years ago, there was 54% (4). Plate movements
coronal mass ejections bombarded the oxygen and no carbon dioxide. (5). Rotation of the earth
Earth’s outermost atmosphere with tre- [Link] living organisms originated, they (6). Revolution of the earth
mendous amount of energy. modified the early atmosphere of the Earth. Which of the above are responsible for
Statement III: As the Earth’s polar ice Which of the statements given above is/ bringing dynamic changes on the surface
melts, the water tends to move towards the are correct? of the earth?
equator. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
Which one of the following is correct in (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None
respect of the above statements? Ans: (c) Ans: (d)
(a) Both Statement II and Statement III are
correct and both of them explain State- 3. [ 2014] Which of the following phenomena 5. [ 2012] Which one of the following sets of
ment I might have influenced the evolution of elements was primarily responsible for the
(b) Both Statement II and Statement III organisms? origin of life on the Earth?
are correct but only one of them explains 1. Continental drift (a) Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sodium
Statement I 2. Glacial cycles (b) Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
(c) Only one of the Statements II and III is Select the correct answer using the code (c) Oxygen, Calcium, Phosphorus
correct and that explains Statement I given below. (d) Carbon, Hydrogen, Potassium
(d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III (a) 1 only (b) 2 only Ans: (b)
is correct (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (b) Ans: (c)

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

[Microtheme]
#15. Climatology 
1. [ 2025] Consider the following statements: (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are
Statement I: correct, but Statement-II does not explain correct and Statement-II is not the correct
In January, in the Northern Hemisphere, Statement-I explanation for Statement-I
the isotherms bend equatorward while (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II (c) Statement-I is correct but statement-II
crossing the landmasses, and poleward is incorrect is incorrect
while crossing the oceans. (d) Statement-I is incorrect, but State- (d) Statement-I is incorrect but State-
Statement II: ment-II is correct ment-II is correct
In January, the air over the oceans is warm- Ans: (d) Ans: (d)
er than that over the landmasses in the
Northern Hemisphere. 3. [ 2024] Which of the following is/are cor- 5. [ 2022] Consider the following statements :
Which one of the following is correct in rect inference/inferences from isothermal 1. High clouds primarily reflect solar radia-
respect of the above statements? maps in the month of January? tion and cool the surface of the Earth.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are 1. The isotherms deviate to the north 2. Low clouds have a high absorption of in-
correct and Statement II explains State- over the ocean and to the south over the frared radiation emanating from the Earth’s
ment I continent. surface and thus cause warming effect.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are 2. The presence of cold ocean currents, Which of the statements given above is/are
correct but Statement II does not explain Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift make correct ?
Statement I the North Atlantic Ocean colder and the (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Statement I is correct but Statement II isotherms bend towards the north. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
is not correct Select the answer using the code given Ans: (d)
(d) Statement I is not correct but State- below:
ment II is correct (a) 1 only (b) 2 only 6. [ 2013] The annual range of temperature
Ans: (a) (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 in the interior of the continents is high as
Ans: (a) compared to coastal
2. [ 2024] Consider the following statements: areas. What is/are the reason/reasons?
Statement-I: 4. [ 2023] Consider the following statements: (1). Thermal difference between land and
The atmosphere is heated more by Statement-I: water
incoming solar radiation than by terrestrial The temperature contrast between conti- (2). Variation in altitude between conti-
radiation. nents and oceans is greater during summer nents and oceans
Statement-II: than in winter. (3). Presence of strong winds in the interior
Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas- Statement-II: (4). Heavy rains in the interior as compared
es in the atmosphere are good absorbers The specific heat of water is more than to coasts
of long-wave radiation. that of land surface. Select the correct answer using the codes
Which one of the following is correct in Which one of the following is correct in given below.
respect of the above statements? respect of the above statements? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
correct and Statement-II explains State- correct and Statement-II is the correct Ans: (a)
ment-I explanation for Statement-I

[Microtheme]
#16. ClimatologyXPressure Wind system 
1. [ 2024] With reference to “Coriolis force,” (a) 1 only (b) 2 only 5. [ 2010] What causes wind to deflect to-
which of the following statements is/are (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 ward left in the Southern hemisphere ?
correct? Ans: (b) (a) Temperature
1. It increases with increase in wind (b) Magnetic Field
velocity. 3. [ 2014] The seasonal reversal of winds is (c) Rotation of the Earth
2. It is maximum at the poles and is absent the typical characteristic of (d) Pressure
at the equator. (a) Equatorial climate Ans: (c)
Select the answer using the code given (b) Mediterranean climate
below: (c) Monsoon climate 6. [ 2009] Consider the following statements :
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (d) All of the above climates 1. In the world, the tropical deserts occur
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Ans: (c) along the western margins of continents
Ans: (c) within the trade wind belt.
4. [ 2011] Westerlies in the southern hemi- 2. In India, the East Himalayan region gets
2. [ 2015] (1) The winds which blow between sphere are stronger and persistent than in high rainfall from north-east winds.
30° N and 60° S latitudes throughout the the northern hemisphere. Why? Which of the statements given above is/are
year are known as 1. Southern hemisphere has less landmass correct ?
westerlies. as compared to northern hemisphere. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(2) The moist air masses that cause winter 2. Coriolis force is higher in southern (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
rains in North-Western region of India are hemisphere as compared to northern Ans: (a)
part of hemisphere.
westerlies. (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/ (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
are correct? Ans: (a)

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

[Microtheme]
#17. India Map related 
1. [ 2018] Consider the following statements: 2. [ 2017] At one of the places in India, if you can travel, including the origin and the
[Link] Barren Island volcano is an active stand on the seashore and watch the sea, destination?
volcano located in the Indian territory. you will find that the sea water recedes (a) 6 (b) 7
[Link] Island lies about 140 km east of from the shore line a few kilometers and (c) 8 (d) 9
Great Nicobar. comes back to the shore, twice a day, and Ans: (b)
[Link] last time the Barren Island volcano you can actually walk on the sea floor
erupted was in 1991 and it has remained when the water recedes. This unique phe- 4. [ 2015] Which one of the following pairs of
inactive since then. nomenon is seen at States of India indicates the easternmost
Which of the statements given above is/are (a) Bhavnagar (b) Bheemunipatnam and westernmost State?
correct ? (c) Chandipur (d) Nagapattinam (a) Assam and Rajasthan
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 Ans: (c) (b) Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan
(c) 3 only (d) 1 and 3 (c) Assam and Gujarat
Ans: (d) 3. [ 2017] If you travel by road from Kohima (d) Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat
to Kottayam, what is the minimum number Ans: (d)
of States within India through which you

[Microtheme]
#18. Arctic, Antarctic 
1. [ 2022] Which one of the following state- inducted into Indian Defence
ments best describes the ‘Polar Code’ ? (b) India’s satellite to provide services to 4. [ 2011] The formation of ozone holes in
(a) It is the international code of safety for the countries of Indian Ocean Rim the Antarctic Region has been a cause of
ships operating in polar waters. (c) a scientific establishment set up by concern. What could be the reason for the
(b) It is the agreement of the countries India in Antartic region formation of this hole?
around the North Pole regarding the (d) India’s underwater observatory to scien- (a) Presence of prominent tropospheric tur-
demarcation of their territories in the polar tifically study the Arctic region bulence; and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons
region. Ans: (d) (b) Presence of prominent polar front and
(c) It is a set of norms to be followed by stratospheric clouds; and inflow of chloro-
the countries whose scientists undertake 3. [ 2014] Consider the following countries: fluorocarbons
research studies in the North Pole and 1. Denmark (c) Absence of polar front and strato-
South Pole. 2. Japan spheric clouds; and inflow of methane and
(d) It is a trade and security agreement 3. Russian Federation chlorofluorocarbons
of the member countries of the Arctic 4. United Kingdom (d) Increased temperature at polar region
Council. 5. United States of America due to global warming
Ans: (a) Which of the above are the members of the Ans: (b)
‘Arctic Council’ ?
2. [ 2015] The term ‘IndARC’, sometimes (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
seen in the news, is the name of (c) 1, 4 and 5 only (d) 1, 3 and 5 only
(a) an indigenously developed radar system Ans: (d)

[Microtheme]
#19. Cloudbursts 
1. [ 2019] In the context of which of the 2. [ 2019] Why are dewdrops not formed on a the sky
following do some scientists suggest the cloudy night? (2). lightning that separates the nimbus
use of cirrus cloud thinning technique (a) Clouds absorb the radiation released clouds
and the injection of sulphate aerosol into from the Earth’s surface. (3). violent upward movement of air and
stratosphere? (b) Clouds reflect back the Earth’s radiation. water particles
(a) Creating the artificial rains in some (c) The Earth’s surface would have low Select the correct answer using the codes
regions temperature on cloudy nights. given below.
(b) Reducing the frequency and intensity of (d) Clouds deflect the blowing wind to (a) 1 only
tropical cyclones ground level. (b) 2 and 3
(c) Reducing the adverse effects of solar Ans: (b) (c) 1 and 3
wind on the Earth (d) None of the above produces the thunder
(d) Reducing the global warming 3. [ 2013] During a thunderstorm, the thun- Ans: (d)
Ans: (d) der in the skies is produced by the
(1). meeting of cumulonimbus clouds in

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 MICROTHEMES PRELIMS [2009-2025 | LAST 17 YEARS] GEOGRAPHY

[Microtheme]
#20. Monsoon 
1. [ 2017] With reference to ‘Indian Ocean 2. [ 2012] Consider the following statements:
Dipole (IOD)’ sometimes mentioned in the 1. The duration of the monsoon decreases
news while forecasting Indian monsoon, from southern India to northern India.
which of the following statements is/are 2. The amount of annual rainfall in the
correct? northern plains of India decreases from
1. IOD phenomenon is characterized by east to west.
a difference in sea surface temperature Which of the statements given above is /
between tropical Western Indian Ocean are correct?
and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. (a) 1 only
2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El (b) 2 only
Nino’s impact on the monsoon. (c) Both 1 and 2
Select the correct answer using the code (d) Neither 1 nor 2
given below: Ans: (c)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (b)

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