Chapter-6: System Design
Introduction to System Design
Inputs for System Design
Main Activities in System Design
Deliverables and Outcomes of System Design
Chapter-6: System Design 1
Introduction to System Design
It converts the description into logical (what the system
will do) and then physical system (how the system will
be implemented) specifications
Inputs for System Design:
• Project Scope Statement of work (objectives,
boundaries and deliverables)
• Requirement determination plan (how
requirements will be gathered)
• Current situation analysis (Evaluates the existing
system )
• Proposed system requirements
specification(SRS) (describes what the new
Chapter-6: system should do)
System Design 2
Introduction to System Design Cont’d …
Transforms the SRS document into logical structure.
The proposed design should be reviewed again and again.
Includes the design of system architecture, application,
network, databases, user interfaces (with user), and
system interfaces (with external elements).
Finally, prepare a design document which will be used
during next phases.
Chapter-6: System Design 3
Introduction to System Design
Main Activities in System Design
Identifying system components
Decomposing system components into
manageable tasks
Specify the functionalities of each components
Identification of concurrency and interdependency
Define the data type and data structures of the
system data
System Design Stages
1. Logical Design
2. Physical Design
Chapter-6: System Design 4
Introduction to System Design
System Design Stages:
1. Logical Design:
Focused on “what” the system should do.
It includes processes, workflows, and
relationships between components at theoretical
level.
2. Physical Design:
Describes “how” the logical design will be
implemented in practice, specifying technologies,
hardware, software, databases, and network
infrastructure.
Chapter-6: System Design 5
Logical Design
Logical design pertains to an abstract representation of the data flow, inputs,
and outputs of the system. It describes the inputs (sources), outputs
(destinations), databases (data stores), procedures (data flows) all in a format
that meets the user requirements.
While preparing the logical design of a system, the system analyst specifies the
user needs at level of detail that virtually determines the information flow into
and out of the system and the required data sources. Data flow diagram and E-
R diagram modeling are used to create logical design of a system.
Concentrates on business aspects of the system, independent of any specific
hardware or software platform.
The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of the
system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any
computer platform.
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Physical Design
Logical specifications are transformed into technical specifications
The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical
specifications of the system from logical design are transformed
into technology-specific details from which all programming and
system construction can be accomplished.
Physical design relates to the actual input and output processes of
the system. It focuses on how data is entered into a system, verified,
processed, and displayed as output.
It produces the working system by defining the design specification
that specifies exactly what the candidate system does. It is
concerned with user interface design, process design, and data
design.
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Physical Design
It consists of the following steps:
• Specifying the input/output media, designing the
database, and specifying backup procedures.
• Planning system implementation.
• Devising a test and implementation plan, and
specifying any new hardware and software.
• Updating costs, benefits, conversion dates, and
system constraints.
Chapter-6: System Design 8
Deliverables and Outcomes of System Design
The primary deliverables and outcomes of system design are the
main inputs for the system implementation phase.
Deliverables and Outcomes of System Design:
Architectural Design: Defines the overall structure of the
system and interactions between components.
Database Design: Specifies how data is organized, stored, and
retrieved for the system.
User Interface Design: intuitive and accessible interface for
users.
Business Logic/Algorithm Design: (govern system
functionality.)
Other System Specifications: (performance, integration, and
constraints.)
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Chapter-6: System Design