Unit 1 Control Statements in Python
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monica.patilUnit 1 Control Statements in Python
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monica.patilPython Control Statements
Indentation in Python
Indentation in Python
• In Python, indentation is used to declare a block. If two
statements are at the same indentation level, then they are
the part of the same block.
• For the ease of programming and to achieve simplicity, python
doesn't allow the use of curly braces or parentheses for the
block level code.
• Indentation is the most used part of the python programming
language.
• Generally, a tab space or four spaces are given to indent the
statements in python.
Conditional Statements in Python
Conditional Statements in Python
• Conditional Statements performs different computations or actions depending
on conditions.
• In python, the following are conditional statements
if
if –else
if – elif –else
If statement:
• The if statement is used to test a specific condition. If the
condition is true, a block of code (if-block) will be executed.
Syntax:
if condition:
statement1
statement2
Conditional Statements in Python Cont..
Example: [Link] Output:
a = 33 python [Link]
b = 200 b is greater than a
done…
if b > a:
print ("b is greater than a") print
("done…")
Remember:
input () function is used to get input from user.
Example:
a=input (“Enter a value”)
Conditional Statements in Python Cont..
Example: [Link]
If-else statement:
• The if else statement age = int(input("Enter your age : "))
provides an else if age>=18:
block combined with print("You are eligible to vote !!")
else:
the if statement which is print("Sorry! you have to wait !!"))
executed in the false case
of the condition.
Syntax:
Output:
if condition:
python [Link]
#block of statements Enter your age: 19
else: You are eligible to vote!!
#another block of statements
(else-block)
Write a Python program to check if a number is even or odd.
Conditional Statements in Python Cont..
If-elif-else statement:
• The elif statement enables us to check multiple conditions and execute
the specific block of statements depending upon the true condition among them.
Syntax:
if condition1:
# block of statements
elif condition2:
# block of statements
elif condition3:
# block of statements
else:
# block of statements
Conditional Statements in Python Cont..
Example: [Link]
a=int(input("Enter a value : "))
b=int(input("Enter b value : "))
c=int(input("Enter c value : "))
if (a>b) and (a>c):
print("Maximum value is :",a)
elif (b>a) and (b>c):
Output:
print("Maximum value is :",b)
python [Link]
else: Enter a value: 10
print("Maximum value is :",c) Enter b value: 14
Enter c value: 9
Maximum value is:
14
Write a Python program that checks whether a given number is positive, negative, or
zero.
Loop Statements in Python
Loop Statements in Python
• Sometimes we may need to alter the flow of the program. If the
execution of a specific code may need to be repeated several
numbers of times then we can go for loop statements.
• In python, the following are loop statements
while loop
for loop
while loop:
• With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as
a condition is true. The while loop is mostly used in the case where
the number of iterations is not known in advance.
Syntax:
while condition:
Statement(s)
Loop Statements in Python Cont..
Example: [Link] Output:
i=1; python [Link]
while i<=3: 1
print(i); 2
i=i+1; 3
Using else with while loop
• Python enables us to use the while loop with the else block also. The else
block is executed when the condition given in the while statement becomes
false.
Example: [Link] Output:
i=1; python [Link]
while i<=3: 1
print(i); 2
i=i+1; 3
else:
while loop terminated
print("while loop terminated")
Write a python program to print “hellooooo world” 5 times
using while loop.
Write a python program to print 1 to 20 numbers using
while loop.
Loop Statements in Python Cont..
for loop:
A for loop in Python is used to iterate over a sequence (like a list,
string, tuple, dictionary, or a range of numbers) and execute a
block of code for each item in the sequence
Syntax:
for iterating_var in sequence:
statement(s)
variable: A temporary name for the current item in the sequence.
sequence: A collection like range(), list, string, etc.
Example1 : Print elements of a list
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] Output:
for fruit in fruits: apple
banana
print(fruit)
cherry
Example 2: Print each character in a word
word = "HELLO"
for letter in word: Output:
H
print(letter) E
L
L
O
range() Function in Python range(stop):
Generates numbers from 0 to stop - 1.
The range() function in Python is
commonly used to generate a sequence of for i in range(5):
print(i)
numbers.
It is especially useful in for loops when range(start, stop)
you want to repeat an action a certain Starts from start, ends at stop - 1.
number of times.
Syntax of range(): for i in range(2, 6):
range(stop) print(i)
range(start, stop) 3. range(start, stop, step)
range(start, stop, step) Starts at start, ends before stop, and steps by step.
for i in range(1, 10, 2):
print(i)
Write a python program to print even 1 to 20 numbers.
Write a python program to print 100 to 1 numbers.
Write a python program to print even numbers between 1 to
50.
Loop Statements in Python Cont..
Using else with for loop
• Python allows us to use the else statement with the for loop which
can be executed only when all the iterations are exhausted.
• Here, we must notice that if the loop contains any of the break
statement then the else statement will not be executed.
Example: [Link]
for i in range(1,5):
print(i,end=' ')
else:
print("for loop completely exhausted");
Output:
python [Link] 1 2 3 4
for loop completely exhausted
Jump Statements in Python
Jump Statements in Python
• Jump statements in python are used to alter the flow of a loop
like you want to skip a part of a loop or terminate a loop.
• In python, the following are jump statements
obreak
ocontinue
break:
• The break is a keyword in python which is used to bring the
program control out of the loop.
• The break statement breaks the loops one by one, i.e., in the
case of nested loops, it breaks the inner loop first and then
proceeds to outer loops.
• The break is commonly used in the cases where we need to
break the loop for a given condition.
Syntax: break
Jump Statements in Python Cont..
Example: [Link]
i = 1 Output:
while i < 6: python [Link]
print(i)
if i == 3:
1
break 2
i += 1 3
continue:
• The continue statement in python is used to bring the program control to the beginning
of the loop.
• The continue statement skips the remaining lines of code inside the loop and start with
the next iteration.
• It is mainly used for a particular condition inside the loop so that we can skip some
specific code for a particular condition.
Syntax: continue
Jump Statements in Python Cont..
Example: [Link]
str =input("Enter any String : ")
for i in str:
if i == 'h':
continue;
print(i,end=" ");
Output:
python [Link]
Enter any String : python
pyton
Lambda Function:
A lambda function is a small anonymous function (without a name)
defined using the lambda keyword.
It's typically used for short, simple functions.
Lambda functions can take any number of arguments evaluate only one
expression and return a value.
Syntax
lambda arguments : expression
Example:
1. x = lambda a : a + 10
print(x(5))
2. x = lambda a, b : a * b
print(x(5, 6))
Example:
square = lambda x: x * x
print(square(5))
Output:
25