PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
(PBOT 111)
1st Semester (SY 2025 - 2026)
Module 1 - Basic Concepts to Understand Plants
Pharmacy Branches of Botany
- Preparation and standardization of
drugs. Forestry
- Cultivation of plants used as drugs, - Science, art and craft, creating,
making of chemical compounds with managing, using, conserving, and
medicinal value, and analysis of repairing forests and associated
medical agents. resources to meet human needs, goals,
desires, and values.
Botany Histology
- Scientific study of plants. - Microscopic anatomy of cells and
- Origin, diversity, structure, internal tissues of plants and animals.
processes of plants, and relationships Paleobotany
with other organisms and nonliving - Dealing with fossil plants.
physical environments. Palynology
- Spores and pollen.
Branches of Botany Phytochemistry
- Chemistry of plants, plant
Pharmaceutical Botany production, and processes taking
- Studying morphology, structure, place in plants.
physiologic function, classification, Phytogenesis
identification, cell tissue, resource - Origin and evolution of plants.
development, and rational utilization Phytography
of plants. - Detailed description of plants.
Agronomy Phytosociology
- Crop production and soil - Characteristics, classification,
management. relationships, and distribution of plant
- Improving the yield and quality of communities.
foods and fiber crops. Phytotomy
Carpology - Plant anatomy
- Structure of fruits and seeds. - Internal structure of plants.
Economic Botany Phytomorphology
- Relationship between people and - Plant morphology.
plants. - Physical form and external
- Economic importance. structure of plants.
Ethnobotany
- Botanical knowledge of social groups
and its uses of locally available plants
in foods.
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy 1
College of Pharmacy
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
(PBOT 111)
1st Semester (SY 2025 - 2026)
Branches of Botany Scientific Method
Plant Cell Biology Form a Hypothesis
- Plant cytology. - Make a prediction about what
- Studies cell of plants. scientists think will happen.
Plant Ecology Test the Hypothesis
- Interaction of plants among - Perform an experiment to test the
organisms and their environments. effect of one thing on another under
Plant Genetics controlled conditions.
- Heredity and variation in the higher Analyze the Data
plants. - Record and organize data in tables
Plant Pathology or charts and look for patterns.
- Diseases in plants. Make Conclusions
Plant Physiology - Decide if data supports the
- Functioning or physiology of plants. hypothesis
Plant Taxonomy - If not, the hypothesis or experiment is
- Plant systematics. changed.
A. Domain
B. Kingdom Application in Pharmaceutical
C. Phylum
D. Class Botany
E. Order
F. Family - Drug discovery from medicinal plants
G. Genus - Standardization of herbal extracts
H. Species - Quality control of raw materials
- Bioassay-guided fractionation
- Ethnobotanical validation of
Scientific Method traditional remedies
- Backbone to every science
experiment.
- Methodical framework to solve Theories on the Origin of Life
problems and give answers in step by
step logical format. Theory in Abiogenesis
- Spontaneous Generation Theory.
Statement of the Problem - Anaximander (611 - 541 BC) and
- Statements that describe what is Aristotle ( 384 - 322 BC).
going to be studied or investigated. - Life originates spontaneously from
Gather Information nonliving matter like rain, mud, air,
- Research what is already known dung, etc.
about the problem from sources.
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy 2
College of Pharmacy
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY WITH TAXONOMY
(PBOT 111)
1st Semester (SY 2025 - 2026)
Theories on the Origin of Life Origin and Evolution of Plants
Theory of Biogenesis - Living organisms are divided into
- Louis Pasteur (1862 AD) three domains
- New microorganisms came from A. Bacteria
pre-existing microorganisms. B. Archaea
- Rejects abiogenesis theory. C. Eukarya
- New life arises from pre-existing life - Plants are classified as Kingdom
only. Plantae.
- Omne vivum ex vivo = all life from - Three other eukaryotic kingdoms
life. A. Protista
- Omnis cellula e cellula = all cells B. Fungi
from cells. C. Animalia
Interplanetary Theory - Life on earth began 3.5 billion years
- Cosmozoic Theory. ago.
- Hermann Richter (1865 AD). - Natural Selection
- Supported by Svante Arrhenius ● As organisms reproduce, their
(1908 AD). offspring differ from each
- Life came to earth from other other in features.
planets of the universe, in the form of - One was the evolution of the type of
resistant spores propelled by photosynthesis.
radiation pressure, reached earth and - These components are organelles,
started the first life. each provide unique structure and
Marinee Theory chemistry specialize to specific
- Life originated from the seas. function.
- Aristotle identified a variety of - When DNA, the molecule that stores
species like crustaceans, echinoderms, hereditary information, became
mollusks, and fish. located in its own organelle called
- Aristotle also recognized that nucleus.
cetaceans are mammals, and marine - Newly evolved eukaryotes also
vertebrates are either oviparous or diversified.
viviparous. - Those with chloroplasts evolved into
- Aristotle is considered the father of algae and plants.
marine biology. - Those who don’t have chloroplasts
Divine Creation Theory evolved into protozoans, fungi, and
- Father Suarez. animals.
- Life originated from some
supernatural form of God.
- Life was created by God in six days.
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy 3
College of Pharmacy