TASK 1

TASK 1 TASK 1 - SAMPLE ESSAYS

Changes Over Comparative Maps Process

Time Charts
Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction

Overview Overview Overview Overview

- trend Step 1: groups <
- rank categories Body Body
Step 2: highest ●​ Be geared towards
Body and lowest ●​ -oriented
*approach 1 - số categories of each ●​ Cater for
lượng vừa group ●​ Designated for
B1: tăng *Expenditure: ●​ Housing units
B2: còn lại Slovenia > ●​ Nature of change,
Poland transitioning from
*approach 2 - *Participation: A to B
nhiều năm Poland > ●​ Layout /
B1: first half of Romania arrangements
the period Step 3: ●​ Repurposed into
B2: second half similarities, ●​ A is flanked by B
contrasts and C
*approach 3 - ít ●​ Meander
số liệu Body ●​ Restaurant = dining
B1: rank first establishment
year ●​ School =
B2: approach 1 educational
institution
●​ Factory = plant

WRITING REVISION

TASK 1
Changes Over Comparative Maps Process
Time Charts
Introduction: The given chart The given maps The given
delineates + paraphrased key depicts the main illustrations
information + place + time modifications depict the various
taking place in + stages involved in
- the number of N (nhiều) + RC place + time the process of
= how many N (nhiều) + V + O V_ing

- the amount of N (không đếm được) *manufacture chỉ

+ RC sử dựng khi có sự
= how much N + V + O tham gia của máy
móc
- the proportion of = the percentage
of = the figure for = the data of

- in Canada = in the country of

Canada
- in a European nation = in an
unspecified country in Europe

- from 1990 to 2000 = over a 10-year

period from 1990 to 2000 = over the
span of a decade
Overview: *approach 1:
1/ trend 1/ highest 1/ changed 1/ stages
2/ rank 2/ lowest 2/ unchanged 2/ steps

*approach 2:
1/ nature of
change
2/ explanations
1/ the figure for A>B Erect = construct Wash = rinse
A + verb + - the figure for A = build = add Make = produce
adverb is higher than that Demolish = = manufacture
2/ there was a(n) of B knock down = Harvest = collect
+ adjective + A<B pull down = = gather =
noun + in the A=B flatten = bulldoze handpick
figure for A A = B x2 = remove Sort = classify
3/ the figure for - the figure for A Replace = Pasteurize (use
A + experienced/ is twice as high supplant heat to kill
witnessed/ as that of B Convert = bacteria)
recorded/ transform = turn Remove the
registered/ + INTO impurities/
underwent + a(n) Cut down = chop residues of sth
+ adjective + down = fell Crush = grind =
noun pulverize sth into
fine powder
Channel (điều
hướng)
Fashion = shape
= mold A into B

*link steps
together
1/ cohesive
devices:
subsequently, /
the penultimate
step is that +
clause
2/ present perfect
Once A has been
done, B is then
done
3/ participle
After having been
peeled, the
potatoes are then
taken to another
factory
MAPS
 MAPS

Introduction
❖​
- The provided maps delineate/ depict the main modifications taking place in the
layout of … between Y1 and Y2

❖​Overview
*There are two ways to approach writing the overview:
Option 1: a summary of things that have changed and stayed the same
- Overall, in 2025 the working areas will be reduced to one large communal
working area. The outdoor area and reception will be replaced, and a resting
area, seating area, and two meeting rooms will be added. The kitchen and coffee
machine will also be moved. Only the general structure and entrance remain the
same.

Option 2: a brief description of how the second map is different and then an
explanation
- Overall, in 2025 the working areas will be less hierarchical. This comes as a
result of a communal working space and the changing of the boss’s and senior
staff offices for meeting rooms. Further, there will be no designated reception
and the outdoor area will be replaced by a resting area.

Mẫu: Overall, the area underwent significant transformation over the period
shown, with notable growth in residential and commercial facilities.
It is also apparent that [specific area] was completely redeveloped, while
[another area] remained largely unchanged.
❖​Body
*Useful vocabulary - ordering
- First/ firstly
→ First, in the north-west corner is the senior staff working area.
- Second/ secondly
→ Secondly, directly below the senior staff working area is the boss’s office.
- The first (noticeable/striking/ prominent) change is (that)
→ The first striking change is that the senior staff working area will be
converted into a kitchen
- One feature/aspect that is different/ has remained the same is (that) …
→ One feature that is different in the office plan is the removal of a reception
area
- One key difference/distinction is (that)…
→ One key difference is the removal of a reception area
- A distinguishing feature of ____ is …
→ A distinguishing feature of the office plans is the lack of a reception area
- While the first plan/map/diagram shows…, the second …
→ While the first plan shows a reception desk at the entrance, the second plan
simply has the entrance leading directly to the kitchen and resting area.

- By contrast, …
→ The first map has offices for both the senior staff and boss. By contrast, the
plans for 2025 show that all offices will be converted into meeting rooms.
- A differentiating feature ______ is that ….
→ A differentiating feature of the office plans is that there will be no offices.
- The _____ is/are similar/different in that ______
→ The office plans for 2025 are different in that all offices will be converted
into meeting rooms.

*Useful vocabulary - describing location

- next to
- close to
- adjacent
→ Adjacent to the working area is the kitchen.
- on the left/right
- above
- below
- south
- south-west
→ In the north-west of the office is the senior staff working area.
- bottom-left
→ In the top-left of the office is the senior staff working area.
- beside
- connected to
- between
- alongside
→ A road runs alongside the east side of the school.
- surrounded/ surrounding
- facing east→ The boss’s office faces east, looking out onto the working area.
- opposite
- looks out onto

*Useful vocabulary - adverbs

- roughly
→ The boss’s office is roughly below the senior staff’s offices.
- exactly
- slightly
→ The staff working area will be made slightly larger.
- completely

*Useful vocabulary - verbs

- Build: construct/ add/ erect
- Make bigger: expand/ enlarge
- Make smaller: reduce/ shrink
- Change: replace/ turn into/ remove
- Change location: move/ relocate
- No change: kept the same

*Useful grammar - the passive

We often use the passive for (be + past participle) when describing location. We
just need to choose the correct form based on whether the maps show the
present, past or future
- In 2025, the working area will be reduced to one large communal space.
- By 2025, the working area will have been reduced to one large communal
space.
- Between now and 2025, the working area will have been reduced to one large
communal space.
- Now, we can see that the working area has been reduced to one large
communal space

*Useful grammar - non-defining relative clauses

- The kitchen, which is currently located next to the staff working area, will be
adjacent to the entrance.
- The senior staff office working area, which is currently in the north-west of the
office, will be converted into a large meeting room.
- The entrance, which remains the same in both maps, can be found in the
southwest of the office.
SAMPLE:
The two maps present an office as it is now, and a plan for how the office will
look in 2025.

Overall, in 2025 the working areas will be reduced to one large communal area.
The outdoor space and reception will be replaced, and a resting area, seating
area, and two meeting rooms will be added. The kitchen and coffee machine
will also be moved. Only the general structure and entrance remain the same.

As the office currently stands, we can see that there are three working areas: the
boss’s office, senior staff working area, and staff working area. Alongside the
staff working area is a kitchen with a coffee and water machine. In the
south-west of the building, beside the entrance, is the reception desk, storage
area, and outdoor area.

There are many changes planned for 2025. Firstly, the senior staff working area,
which is situated in the north-west of the office, will be replaced by a large
meeting room. Similarly, the boss’s office will become a smaller meeting room.
These changes leave only one working area, which will be built in the space
currently occupied by the staff working area. There will also be a seating area
connected to the communal working area. Where the reception is, in the
south-west of the building, will be a storage area. Just to the east of that, are
where the kitchen area and coffee and water machines will be. Finally, by 2025
the outdoor space will have been replaced with a resting area.
Change Over Time
 Tas 1 - Change Ove Tim

A. VOCABULARY
VERBS

Go up increase / climb / grow / have an upward trend / slope upwards

Go up quickly soar / surge / (sky)rocket / leap

Go up x 2 increase twofold / double

Go up again regain its upward streak / recover

Go down decrease / decline / drop / fall / dip

Go down dive / plummet / plunge / slump

quickly

Go down : 2 halve

Stay the same remain unchanged / remain static / maintain the same level / level
out / level off / plateau

+% account for / constitute / make up / take up / occupy

INTENSITY ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

Extensive steep -ly

sharp -ly
rapid -ly
swift -ly
significant -ly
considerable -ably
noticeable → noticeably
dramatic -ally
substantial -ly
tremendous -ly
remarkable -ably
marked -ly
precipitous -ly
 2
Average steady -ily
gradual -ly
moderate -ly

Small marginal -ly

negligible -bly
slight -ly
minimal -ly
mild -ly

Constant periodic -ally

consecutive -ly

B. STRUCTURES
EXAMPLES STRUCTURES

The figure for A increased dramatically from 1.

100 grams in 2000 to 500 grams in 2010.

There was a dramatic increase from 100 grams 2.

in 2000 to 500 grams in 2010 in the figure for
A.

The figure for A experienced/ witnessed/ 3.

underwent/ saw/ registered/ recorded a
dramatic increase from 100 grams to 500
grams between 2000 and 2010.

A dramatic increase from 100 grams to 500

4.
grams in the figure for A was
witnessed/ seen/ recorded
between 2000 and 2010.
3
C. ORGANIZATION

1. Introduction

The [type of chart/graph/table] illustrates/shows how [subject] changed

over a period of [time span], from [year 1] to [year 2].

Overall, [main trend for most data].

In addition, [highlight the most significant or contrasting change].

The given/provided + chart/graph(s) + illustrate(s) / demonstrate(s) /
highlight(s) / detail(s) + KEY INFORMATION + PLACE + TIME

*How to paraphrase KEY INFORMATION

- the number of → how many
- the amount of → how much
- the percentage of → the proportion of → the figure for → the data of
- spending → expenditures → expenses → how much sth costs (v)
- ways → means of

*How to paraphrase PLACE

- New Zealand → the country of New Zealand
- a European country → an unspecified nation in Europe

*How to paraphrase TIME

- from 2000 to 2010 → over a decade from 2000 → over a 10-year
period from 2000 → over the span/course of 10 years from 2000 →
between 2000 and 2010

2. Overview
 - TREND sentence
From an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that _______________
(1) A increased , B decreased
→ while the figure for A experienced an upward trend, the other had a
reverse pattern
(2) A and B increased / decreased
→ there was an upward tendency in the figures for both A and B
(3) A remained the same
→ the figure for A stayed the same

4
- RANK sentence
Another striking feature is that _______________
(1)A was highest in the first year, B was highest in the final year
→ the highest figure in the first year belonged to A, whereas that for B was
higher than the others in the final year
(2)A was highest in all the years
→ A was the most popular/expensive + N in the first year, (whereas B was
preferred more than the others in the final year)

3. Bodies
*Technique 1 :
- with
- the former and the latter
Example: The figures for A and B both increased over the years, with the
former rising to 50% and the latter to 70%.
*Technique 2 :
- counterparts
Example: Males and their female counterparts both preferred
riding motorbikes. *Technique 3 :
- hit the peak at
- reach an all-time high/low
Example: The figure for A reached an all-time low of 15% in 2000.
*Technique 4 :
- people aged 50
- people who were 50 years old
- people falling into the 50-year-old group
- people in the 50-year-old bracket
- fifty-year-old cohort
Example: The figure for people in the 50-year-old bracket was
higher than the others. *Technique 5 :
- respectively
- in turn
Example: The figures for A and B in 2000 were 100 grams and 200 grams,
respectively.
5

*Technique 6:
- changing % into fractions
- 25% = a quarter
- 33% = a third
- 50% = a half
- 75% = three-quarters
Example: A accounted for a fifth.
*Technique 7:
- using ‘… out of 10’
Example: 50% of the students were movie-goers = 5 out of 10 students
went to the movies *Technique 8:
- ranking
- adding adjectives before numbers
Example:
+ A led the chart at an overwhelming 60%, followed closely by B with 55%
and distantly by C with a negligible 10%.
+ Ranked third, A occupied 40%, preceding a decline to 10% and finally an
increase to 20%. + While high-income countries showed a population
growth of 0.7%, low-income countries trailed behind with a growth rate of
only 1.8%.
*Technique 9:
- albeit + NOUNS / ADJECTIVES / ADVERBS
Example: While the figure for A rose steeply, the figure for B also
increased, albeit to a lesser extent, from 20% to 30%.
*Technique 10:
- exceed the … mark
Example: Regarding the last age group, their figure never exceeded the
20% mark despite rising twofold from a nadir of a negligible 10% in the
first year.
*Technique 11:
- noun phrases
Example: + people who go to the movies = movie-goers
+ producing films = film production
+ attending concerts = concert attendance
6

*Technique 12:
- clause, indicating/ reflecting/ denoting + NOUNS
Example: The number of 20-year-old people going to the cinema
leapt from 10 to 60, indicating a growing popularity of movies
among people of this age bracket.
The chart below shows global sales of the top five mobile phone brands between
2009 and 2013.
 7

SAMPLE

The bar chart compares the number of mobile phones sold worldwide by the
five most popular manufacturers in the years 2009, 2011 and 2013.

It is clear that Nokia sold the most mobile phones between 2009 and 2011,
but Samsung became the best-selling brand in 2013. Samsung and Apple saw
the biggest rises in sales over the 5-year period.

In 2009, Nokia sold close to 450 million mobile phones, which was almost
double the number of handsets sold by the second most successful
manufacturer, Samsung. Over the following four years, however, Nokia’s
sales figures fell by approximately 200 million units, whereas Samsung saw
sales rise by a similar amount. By 2013, Samsung had become the market
leader with sales reaching 450 million units. The other three top-selling
mobile phone brands between 2009 and 2013 were LG, ZTE and Apple.
In 2009, these companies sold around 125 million, 50 million and 25 million
mobile handsets respectively, but Apple overtook the other two vendors in
2011. In 2013, purchases of Apple handsets reached 150 million units, while
LG saw declining sales and the figures for ZTE rose only slightly.
CC
 CC

Introduction: The [type of chart] illustrates/compares/shows [what is being compared] in

terms of [units, e.g. percentage, number, amount] across [categories or countries] over
the period from [year] to [year].
Overall, [general trend].
It is also noticeable that [key comparison / most significant feature].
PROCESS
 PROCESS
Overall, the process consists of [number] main stages, beginning with [starting
point] and ending with [final outcome].

Hoặc (nếu là chu trình tự nhiên):

Overall, it is a cyclical process that starts with [A] and eventually returns to [A].
Mở bài chung
Mở bài chung​
The given graph/ chart/ delineates/illustartes/compares/elucidate/depict.
+*How to paraphrase KEY INFORMATION
- the number of → how many
- the amount of → how much
- the percentage of → the proportion of → the figure for → the data of
- spending → expenditures → expenses → how much sth costs (v)
- ways → means of
*How to paraphrase PLACE
- New Zealand → the country of New Zealand
- a European country → an unspecified nation in Europe
*How to paraphrase TIME
- from 2000 to 2010 → over a decade from 2000 → over a 10-year
period from 2000 → over the span/course of 10 years from 2000 →
between 2000 and 2010

Overview: From an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that

the other had a reverse pattern
here was an upward tendency in the figures for both A and B
COT: TREND+ RANK

CC:HIGHEST +LOWEST

Process:
The given illustrations depict the various stages involved in the process of
V_ing

Stages / step( ko co cungduoc)

Wash = rinse
Make = produce = manufacture
Harvest = collect = gather = handpick
Sort = classify
Pasteurize (use heat to kill bacteria)
Remove the impurities/ residues of sth
Crush = grind = pulverize sth into fine powder
Channel (điều hướng)
Fashion = shape = mold A into B
Maps

The given maps depicts the main modifications taking place in + place + time
The gicen maps depicts/comapres the main renovations,
modificationstaking place in …
Erect = construct = build = add
Demolish = knock down = pull down = flatten = bulldoze = remove
Replace =supplant
Convert = transform = turn + INTO
Cut down = chop down = fell

Another distinction is that, another differentiating feature is that

The adjustments also feature
One key/main/chief/ apillar of rennovation is that /
A distinguishing he first (noticeable/striking/ prominent) change

approach 1:
1/ changed2/ unchanged* approach 2: 1/ nature of change2/ explanations

Overall, the area underwent significant transformation over the period shown,
with notable growth in residential and commercial facilities.
It is also apparent that [specific area] was completely redeveloped, while
[another area] remained largely unchanged.