G E O M E T R Y : U N I T N I NE R E V I E W
● 9.1 - Tangents, Arcs, and CIrcles ● 9.3 - Arcs and Central Angles
○ Circle - a round plane figure whose rim (the ○ Central Angle - an angle with its vertex at
circumference) consists of points equidistant the center of the circle.
from a fixed point (the center).
○ Chord - a straight line segment whose ○ The measure of a minor arc is defined to
endpoints both lie on a circular arc be the measure of its central angle.
○ Tangent - a line in the plane of a circle that ○ The measure of a major arc is 360 minus
intersects the circle in exactly one point. the measure of its minor arc.
○ Congruent circles/spheres - circles/spheres ○ Adjacent Arcs - arcs that have exactly one
that have congruent radii (radiuses). point in common.
○ Concentric circles - circles that lie in the same
plane and have the same center. ○ Arc Addition Postulate: The measure of
○ Concentric spheres - spheres that have the the arc formed by two adjacent arcs is the
same center. sum of the measures of these two arcs.
○ A polygon is inscribed in a circle and the circle ○ Theorem: In the same or congruent circle,
is circumscribed about the polygon when each two minor arcs are congruent if and only if
vertex of the polygon lies on the circle. their central angles are congruent.
● 9.2 - Tangents ● 9.4 - Arcs and Chords
○ Theorem: If a line is tangent to a circle, then ○ Theorem: In the same or congruent circle:
the line is perpendicular to the radius drawn to ■ Congruent arcs have congruent chords.
the point of tendency. ■ Congruent chords have congruent arcs.
○ Corollary: Tangents to a circle from a point
are congruent. ○ Theorem: A diameter that is perpendicular
to a chord bisects the chord and its arc.
○ Theorem: If a line in the plane of a circle is
perpendicular to a radius at its outer endpoint, ○ Theorem: In the same or congruent circle:
then the line is tangent to the circle. ■ Chords equally distant from the circle
center(s) are congruent.
○ When each side of a polygon is tangent to a ■ Congruent chords are equally distant
circle, the polygon is said to be circumscribed from the center(s) of the circle.
about the circle and the circle is inscribed in
the polygon. ● 9.5 - Inscribed Angles
○ Inscribed Angle - An angle whose vertex is
○ A line that is tangent to each of two coplanar on a circle and whose sides contains chords
circles is called a common tangent. of the circle
■ A common internal tangent intersects the
segment joining the centers. ○ Theorem: The measure of an inscribed
■ A common external tangent does not angle is equal to half the measure of its
intersect the segment joining the centers. intercepted arc.
○ Corollary 1: If two inscribed angles
○ A circle can be tangent to a line, but it can intercept the same arc, then the angles
also be tangent to another circle. Tangent are congruent.
circles are coplanar circles that are tangent to ○ Corollary 2: An angle inscribed in a semi
the same line at the same point. circle is a right angle.
○ Corollary 3: If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a ○ Theorem: When two secants are drawn to a
circle, then its opposite angles are circle from an external point, the product of
supplementary. one secant segment and its external
segment equals the product of the other
● 9.6 - Other Angles secant segment and its external segment.
○ Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by
a chord and a tangent is equal to half the
measure of the intercepted arc.
○ Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by
two chords that intersect inside a circle is equal
to half the sum of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
○ Theorem: When a secant segment and a
○ Theorem: The measure of an angle formed by tangent segment are drawn to a circle from
two secants, two tangents, or a secant and a an external point, the product of the secant
tangent drawn from a point (angle vertex) segment and its external segment is equal
outside a circle is equal to half the difference of to the square of the tangent segment.
the measures of the intercepted arcs.
■ Case 1: Two Secants
m∠1 = ½ (arcAC - arcBD)
● Related Images
■ Case 2: Two Tangents
m∠2 = ½ (arcCDB - arcBC)
■ Case 3: One Secant and One Tangent
m∠3 = ½ (arcAC - arcBC)
● 9.7 - Circles and Lengths of Segments
○ Theorem: When two chords intersect inside
a circle, the product of the segments of one
chord equals the product of the segments of
the other chord.