Raya University

ETC
Department of Computer Science

Chapter One

Introduction to Cloud
Computing

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 Introductory part
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
 Cloud Computing Delivery/Service Models
◦ Software as a Service (SaaS)
◦ Platform as a Service (PaaS)
◦ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Cloud Computing Deployment Models
◦ Public Cloud
◦ Private Cloud
◦ Hybrid Cloud
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

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• Cloud computing is a model for enabling on-
demand access to shared pool of computer
resources e.g. server, application & service.
• In other words, cloud computing is a model
for delivering IT services. Instead of a direct
connection to the server, the resources are
retrieved from the Internet through web-
based tools and applications.
• Data and software packages are stored in
servers. The cloud computing structure
allows access to information as long as an
electronic device has access to the web. This
allows employees to work remotely.
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 Generally speaking, cloud computing can
be thought of as anything that involves
delivering hosted services over the Internet.
 Or delivery of computing services over the
internet. Eg: Yahoo!, GMail, Hotmail
 Instead of running an e-mail program on
your computer, you log in to a Web e-mail
account remotely. The software and
storage for your account doesn't exist on
your computer -- it's on the service's
computer cloud.


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Data Centers

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 The companies that own these clouds are
called cloud providers.

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 Resource pooling
 Broad network access
 On-demand self-service
 Rapid elasticity
 Measured service

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 Resource pooling:
◦ The provider’s computing resources are pooled to
serve multiple consumers.
◦ Resources can be dynamically assigned and
reassigned according to customer demand.
◦ Customer generally may not care where the
resources are physically located but should be
aware of risks if they are located offshore.

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 Broad network access:
◦ Capabilities are available over the network and
accessed through standard mechanisms that
promote use by client platforms (e.g., mobile
phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).
◦ Available from anywhere with an internet
connection.

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 On-demand self-service:
◦ Completely automated
◦ Near real-time delivery (seconds or minutes)
◦ Services accessed through a self-serve web
interface

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 Rapid elasticity:
◦ Capabilities can be expanded or released
automatically (i.e. more cpu power, or ability to
handle additional users).

◦ To the customer this appears seamless, limitless,

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 Measured service:
◦ Customers are charged for the services they
use and the amounts.
◦ There is a metering concept where customer
resource usage can be monitored, controlled,
and reported, providing transparency for both
the provider and consumer of the utilized
service.

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 There are certain services and models
working behind the scene making the
cloud computing feasible and
accessible to end users.
 Following are the working models for
cloud computing:
◦ Service/delivery Models
◦ Deployment Models

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 Service Models are the reference models on
which the Cloud Computing is based.
 These can be categorized into three basic
delivery/service models as listed below:
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

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1. Infrastructure-as-a-Service
(IaaS)
 A service model that involves
outsourcing the basic infrastructures
including storage, hardware, servers, and
networking components.
 The service provider owns the
infrastructure equipment and is
responsible for housing, running, and
maintaining it.
 The customer uses their own platform
(Windows, Unix), and applications

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2. Platform-as-a-
Service (PaaS)
 A service model that
involves outsourcing the
basic infrastructure and
platform (Windows,
Unix)
 Implementing PaaS
simplifies the process of
software development.
 The customer uses their
own applications

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3. Software-as-a-Service
(SaaS)
 Also referred to as “software on
demand,” this service model
involves outsourcing the
infrastructure, platform, and
software/applications.
 Typically, these services are
available to the customer on a pay-
as-you-go pricing model or a no
charge model.
 Users: end customers
 The customer accesses the
applications over the internet.
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 Deployment models- define the type of
access to the cloud. Cloud can have any of
the three types of access: Public, Private and
Hybrid.
 Public Cloud- The Public Cloud allows
systems and services to be easily accessible
to the general public. Public cloud may be
less secure because of its openness,
e.g., e-mail.

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 Private Cloud- The Private Cloud allows
systems and services to be accessible within
an organization. It offers increased security
because of its private nature.
 Hybrid Cloud- The Hybrid Cloud is mixture
of public and private cloud. However, the
critical activities are performed using
private cloud while the non-critical activities
are performed using public cloud.

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 Lower computer costs:
◦ You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run
cloud computing 's web-based applications.
◦ When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less
expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient
processor...
◦ In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD
drive, as no software programs have to be loaded and no document
files need to be saved.
 Reduced software costs:
◦ Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get
most of what you need for free
 most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite.
◦ better than paying for similar commercial software
 which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.

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 Instant software updates:
◦ Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced
with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
◦ When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically
 available the next time you log into the cloud.
◦ When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version
 Unlimited storage capacity:
◦ Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
 Universal document access:
◦ That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do
not take your documents with you.
◦ Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them
whenever you have a computer and an Internet connection.
◦ Documents are instantly available from wherever you are.
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 Latest version availability:
◦ When you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you
see when you access the document at work.
◦ The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents
 as long as you are connected, you are not in danger of having an outdated version
 Easier group collaboration:
◦ Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
◦ Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud
computing
 multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects
 Device independence.
◦ You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.
◦ Changes to computers, applications and documents follow you
through the cloud.
◦ Move to a portable device, and your applications and documents
are still available.

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 Requires a constant Internet connection:
◦ Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications
and documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you
cannot access anything, even your own documents.
◦ A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where
Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could
be a deal-breaker.
 Does not work well with low-speed connections:
◦ Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found
with dial-up services, makes cloud computing painful at best and
often impossible.
 Can be slow:
◦ Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can
sometimes be slower than accessing a similar software program
on your desktop PC.
◦ Everything about the program, from the interface to the current
document, has to be sent back and forth from your computer to
the computers in the cloud.
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 Features might be limited:
◦ This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based
applications simply are not as full-featured as their desktop-based
applications.
 For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than with
Google Presentation's web-based offering
 Stored data might not be secure:
◦ With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.
 The questions is How secure is the cloud?
◦ Can unauthorized users gain access to your confidential data?
 Stored data can be lost:
◦ Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated across
multiple machines.
◦ But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you have no
physical or local backup.
 Put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets you
down.

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