Scribd
Upload
3 views13 pages

Problem Solving - Google Slides

The document outlines George Pólya's four-step process for problem solving: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back. It details various strategies for each step, including understanding the problem's components, planning methods, and evaluating the solution. Additionally, it introduces the Newman framework, which assesses a student's reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding levels in problem solving.

Uploaded by

mswinku
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views13 pages

Problem Solving - Google Slides

The document outlines George Pólya's four-step process for problem solving: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back. It details various strategies for each step, including understanding the problem's components, planning methods, and evaluating the solution. Additionally, it introduces the Newman framework, which assesses a student's reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding levels in problem solving.

Uploaded by

mswinku
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem Solving

George Pólya—The Father of Modern Problem Solving

He became interested in the process of discovery which led to the four step
process for solving problems

1. Understand the problem.


2. Devise a plan.
3. Carry out the plan.
4. Look back.
Step 1: Understand the problem

● Do you understand all the words?


● 􀁲 Can you restate the problem in your own words?
● 􀁲 Do you know what is given?
● 􀁲 Do you know what the goal is?
● 􀁲 Is there enough information?
● 􀁲 Is there extraneous information?
● 􀁲 Is this problem similar to another problem you have solved?
●
Step 2: Devise a Plan
1. Guess and test.
2. Draw a picture.
3. Use a variable.
4. Look for a pattern.
5. Make a list.
6. Solve a simpler problem.
7. Draw a diagram.
8. Use direct reasoning.
9. Use indirect reasoning.
10. Use properties of numbers.
11. Solve an equivalent problem.
12. Work backward.
13. Use cases.
14. Solve an equation.
15. Look for a formula.
16. Do a simulation.
17. Use a model.
18. Use dimensional analysis.
19. Identify subgoals.
20. Use coordinates.
21. Use symmetry.
Step 3: Carry Out the Plan

􀁲 Implement the strategy or strategies that you have chosen until the problem
is solved or until a new course of action is suggested.
􀁲 Give yourself a reasonable amount of time in which to solve the problem. If
you are not successful, seek hints from others or put the problem aside for a
while. (You may have a lash of insight when you least expect it!)
􀁲 Do not be afraid of starting over. Often, a fresh start and a new strategy will
lead to success.
Step 4: Look Back

􀁲Is your solution correct? Does your answer satisfy the statement
of the problem?
􀁲 Can you see an easier solution?
􀁲 Can you see how you can extend your solution to a more
general case?
A captain owns 26 sheep and 10 goats.
How old is the captain?
An army bus holds 30 soldiers. If 1000 soldiers are being
bussed to their training site, how many buses are needed?
Newman framework of problem solving
I. Reading Level : Can the student read the question?

II. Comprehension Level : Can the student understand the meaning of the
question?

III. Transformation Level : Can the student select the appropriate mathematical
operation or procedure?

[Link] Skills Level : Can the student perform the mathematical calculation or
the procedure accurately?

V. Encoding Level : Can the student represent the answer appropriately?

You might also like