Number System Notes
NUmber system notes
Here are complete Number System Notes for SSC CGL / Bank / CDS / CAT level — structured, exam-
oriented, with formulas, tricks, and examples. Bilingual (English + Hindi) so you can use directly for
revision and your 5-second question style videos.
📘 NUMBER SYSTEM – COMPLETE NOTES
1️⃣ What is Number System? (संख्या पद्धति क्या है?)
A number system is a way to represent numbers using digits.
Number system = rules + symbols to express numbers.
Types:
Natural Numbers
Whole Numbers
Integers
Rational Numbers
Irrational Numbers
Real Numbers
2️⃣ Types of Numbers (संख्याओं के प्रकार)
✅ Natural Numbers (N)
Counting numbers starting from 1
1,2,3,4,5,…
👉 Zero not included
👉 Smallest = 1
👉 No largest
✅ Whole Numbers (W)
Natural numbers + zero
0,1,2,3,4,…
👉 Smallest = 0
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✅ Integers (Z)
Positive + Negative + Zero
… -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 …
✅ Rational Numbers (Q)
Can be written in p/q form
q≠0
Examples:
2/3, -5/7, 4, 0.25
❌ Irrational Numbers
Cannot be written in p/q form
Non-terminating, non-repeating
Examples:
√2, √3, π
✅ Real Numbers
Rational + Irrational
3️⃣ Even & Odd Numbers
Even Number (सम संख्या)
Divisible by 2
Unit digit = 0,2,4,6,8
Odd Number (विषम संख्या)
Not divisible by 2
Unit digit = 1,3,5,7,9
Quick Results
Even + Even = Even
Even + Odd = Odd
Odd + Odd = Even
Even × anything = Even
Odd × Odd = Odd
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4️⃣ Prime & Composite Numbers
✅ Prime Number (अभाज्य)
Only 2 factors → 1 and itself
Examples: 2,3,5,7,11
👉 Only even prime = 2
✅ Composite Number (संयोज्य)
More than 2 factors
Examples: 4,6,8,9,10
⚡ Fast Prime Check Trick (Exam Use)
Check divisibility up to √n only.
Example: Check 97
√97 ≈ 9.8 → test primes till 7
Not divisible → prime
5️⃣ Co-Prime Numbers (सह-अभाज्य)
Two numbers whose HCF = 1
Examples:
(8,15)
(14,25)
6️⃣ Divisibility Rules (भाग नियम)
By 2
Last digit even
By 3
Sum of digits divisible by 3
By 4
Last 2 digits divisible by 4
By 5
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Last digit 0 or 5
By 6
Divisible by 2 AND 3
By 8
Last 3 digits divisible by 8
By 9
Sum of digits divisible by 9
By 10
Last digit 0
By 11 (Most Important)
Difference of alternate digit sums divisible by 11
Example: 121
(1+1) − 2 = 0 → divisible
By 99 Trick
Since 100 ≡ 1 (mod 99)
Break into 2-digit pairs and add
7️⃣ Factors & Multiples
Factor
Number that divides exactly
Factors of 12 → 1,2,3,4,6,12
Multiple
Number obtained by multiplication
Multiples of 12 → 12,24,36…
8️⃣ HCF & LCM
HCF (Highest Common Factor)
Largest common factor
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LCM (Least Common Multiple)
Smallest common multiple
⚡ Relation Trick
For two numbers:
HCF × LCM = P roduct of numbers
Example:
HCF = 6, LCM = 180
Numbers product = 1080
⚡ Fraction Method (Fastest for Exams)
Divide repeatedly by common primes →
Multiply divisors for HCF / LCM as needed
9️⃣ Remainder Theorem Basics
If number N divided by d gives remainder r:
N = dq + r
Where r < d
⚡ Power Remainder Trick
Find remainder of:
aⁿ ÷ m
Reduce base using mod first
Example:
7⁴ ÷ 5
7 ≡ 2 mod 5
2⁴ = 16 → remainder = 1
🔟 Cyclicity of Unit Digit (Units Digit Trick)
Digit Cycle
2 2,4,8,6
3 3,9,7,1
4 4,6
7 7,9,3,1
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Digit Cycle
8 8,4,2,6
9 9,1
👉 Divide power by cycle length
Example:
3⁵ → cycle length 4 → 5 mod 4 = 1
Answer = first term = 3
1️⃣1️⃣ Number of Factors Formula
If
N = pᵃ × qᵇ × rᶜ
Total factors:
(a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)
Example:
360 = 2³×3²×5¹
Factors = (3+1)(2+1)(1+1) = 24
1️⃣2️⃣ Sum of Factors Formula
(pa+1 − 1)/(p − 1) × (q b+1 − 1)/(q − 1) …
1️⃣3️⃣ Perfect Square Facts
Factors count = odd
Unit digit = 0,1,4,5,6,9
Trailing zeros even
Square root has no decimal
1️⃣4️⃣ Perfect Cube Facts
Factors count not fixed
Unit digit can be anything
Prime power multiple of 3
1️⃣5️⃣ Important Exam Quick Tricks
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⚡ Consecutive Numbers Sum
Sum of first n natural:
n(n + 1)/2
⚡ Sum of Squares
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6
⚡ Sum of Cubes
[n(n + 1)/2]2
1️⃣6️⃣ Digital Root Shortcut (Casting Out 9)
Repeated digit sum → quick check for:
multiplication
remainder by 9
answer verification
If you want, next I can give:
✅ Number System 50 super tricks
✅ Previous year SSC CGL level questions
✅ 5-second shortcut question set (perfect for your YouTube format)
✅ Slide-wise revision notes.
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