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Basic Technical Question

The document contains a series of basic technical questions and answers relevant to electrical engineering, covering topics such as circuit protection devices, cable sizing, power factor, motor starting methods, and safety procedures. It also addresses practical site testing methods for transformers and motors, as well as standards and codes applicable in Gulf countries. Key distinctions between electrical systems, earthing methods, and equipment ratings are also outlined.

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Amil malik
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22 views2 pages

Basic Technical Question

The document contains a series of basic technical questions and answers relevant to electrical engineering, covering topics such as circuit protection devices, cable sizing, power factor, motor starting methods, and safety procedures. It also addresses practical site testing methods for transformers and motors, as well as standards and codes applicable in Gulf countries. Key distinctions between electrical systems, earthing methods, and equipment ratings are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Amil malik
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Technical Questions for Electrical Engineer

Q1. Difference between MCB, MCCB, ACB, and VCB?


A1. MCB – low current, MCCB – high current & adjustable, ACB – LV high capacity, VCB – MV
switching in vacuum.

Q2. How do you select cable size for a motor or load?


A2. Based on current, voltage drop, short-circuit rating, and derating factors.

Q3. Difference between LT and HT systems?


A3. LT < 1kV, HT > 1kV (like 11kV, 33kV).

Q4. What is power factor and why is it important?


A4. Ratio of active to apparent power; improves efficiency and reduces losses.

Q5. Explain star-delta starter.


A5. Starts motor in star (low current), then shifts to delta (full voltage).

Q6. Formula to calculate 3-phase motor current?


A6. I= P/(√3*V*PD*n)

Q7. Difference between isolator and circuit breaker?


A7. Isolator – no-load switching, CB – interrupts load/fault current.

Q8. What are harmonics?


A8. Distorted waveforms from non-linear loads; cause heating & malfunction.

Q9. Why do we use capacitor banks?


A9. To improve power factor and reduce penalties.

Q10. Difference between earthing, grounding, and bonding?


A10. Earthing – connect equipment to earth, Grounding – neutral to earth, Bonding –
interconnect for safety.

🔹 Practical / Site

Q11. What are standard voltages in Gulf countries?


A11. LV: 230/400V, MV: 11kV, HV: 33kV/132kV/220kV.

Q12. How do you test a transformer at site?


A12. IR test, ratio test, polarity test, oil BDV test.
Q13. What tests are done before commissioning a motor?
A13. Insulation test, continuity, rotation, no-load run.

Q14. How to identify underground cable faults?


A14. Using megger, TDR, or cable fault locator.

Q15. What safety steps before working on live systems?


A15. Lockout-tagout, discharge, PPE, permit to work.

Q16. Procedure for motor megger testing?


A16. Disconnect motor, apply 500/1000V DC, check IR ≥ 1 MΩ.

Q17. What protections are used for motors?


A17. Overload, short-circuit, earth fault, thermal relay.

Q18. Precautions before HV panel maintenance?


A18. Isolate, earth, discharge, use interlocks, follow PTW.

Q19. How to check phase sequence?


A19. Use phase sequence meter or by motor rotation.

Q20. How to handle load balancing in distribution panel?


A20. Measure currents, redistribute loads across phases.

🔹 Standards & Codes

Q21. Which standards are used in Gulf?


A21. IEC, BS, NEC, local utility standards (DEWA, SEC, Kahramaa).

Q22. What is the earthing resistance limit as per IEC?


A22. Less than 1 ohm for substations, 5 ohms for normal.

Q23. Difference between TN-S, TN-C, and TT systems?


A23. TN-S – separate neutral & earth, TN-C – combined, TT – direct earth electrode.

Q24. What is IP rating?


A24. Ingress protection against dust & water (e.g., IP55 = dust protected, water jet).

Q25. Cable color coding as per IEC?


A25. Phase – Brown/Black/Grey, Neutral – Blue, Earth – Green-Yellow

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