Training
Risk assessment
Management of Change(MOC): Authorized person/team
Drill: to train the people and test equipment
Barrier: Any device or fluid can prevent hydrocarbon and pressure to surface
Barrier Type:
1- Mechanical
2- Fluid: Mud, brine, Kill fluid,…
Fluid can be considered a barrier under below conditions:
1- Should be overbalanced:
Mud pressure( Hydrostatic pressure=HP) is more than the formation pressure
If HP is equal to formation pressure( Balance)
If HP is less than formation pressure( underbalance)
2- Should be monitored and maintained( take sample and make sure well is
full)
Barrier classification:
1- Primary barrier,( Active barrier), First defense
2- Secondary barrier Backup
3- Shear barrier: If primary and secondary losses, then we will apply shear barrier
Barrier element: Single barrier
Barrier envelope( Group, Family)= More than one barrier element, combine together and
make an envelope.
Minimum Operational barrier: 2
Barrier confirmation and verification: after the pressure test
1- Low-pressure test: 250-350 psi
2- High pressure upto working pressure
Pressure test of BOP:
Low pressure test: 250-350 Psi
High-pressure test
Initial test: First pressure test after rig move( rated working pressure)
Subsequent test: every 3 weeks, we can do MASP(Maximum anticipated surface
pressure)
Pressure test of safety valves:
Low pressure test: 250-350 Psi
High pressure test
Initial test: First pressure test after rig move( MASP of well )
Subsequent test: every 3 weeks, we can do MASP of hole section(Maximum
anticipated surface pressure)
HP(Psi)= 0.052 X Mud weight(ppg) X TVD(Ft)
HP= Gx TVD
TVD: True vertical depth
0.052 X Mud weight= Mud Gradient
Example:
Mw: 12 ppg
TVD:6000 ft, HP= 0.052*12*6000=3744 psi
G= 0.62, mud weight? Then Mud weight will be 0.62/0.052=11.923 ppg
Formation pressure: pressure inside the reservoir, pushing up,
HP is pushing down
How can we loss our primary barrier:
-If mud decreases
POOH, not fill up the well , Level drop, HP drop, can go under balance
Swabbing: While POOH , it will cause BHP decrease
Surge: While RIH, it will cause BHP increase and can cause break formation
Which factors will effect on Surge and swab:
1- Speed of RIH/POOH
2- Small Clearance between pipe and wellbore
3- High viscosity and high gelation
4- Small bit nozzle
5- Large Drill collar
6- Bit balled up
While POOH, Need fill up the well
Dry POOH: when breaking the pipe in rig floor, there is no mud inside string
Need to fill up by steel/metal displacement
Wet POOH: Metal displacement plus pipe capacity
Example:
Metal displacement: 0.0176 bbl/ft
Pipe capacity:0.78 bbl/ft
How much need to be full if we pooh 930 FT?
A- Wet: (0.78+0.0176)*930= 741.768 bbl
B-Dry: 0.0176*930=16.368 bbl
If you fill up more, it means losses
If we fill up less, It means swab or kick, stop and flow check. if there is flow, it mean
kick, shut the well. if the well is static, swab, run back to bottom, and circulate out
Gas Cut: Mix of bobble of gas inside the Mud, it will cause BHP drop, small drop
When we have maximum reduction of BHP, when gas reaches to surface
1- Connection gas: gas enters the well while the connection
2- Trip gas: while POOH due to Swab
3- Background gas/Drilling gas: Gas enters the well by cutting
If we observe gas cut: no need shut the well at beginng, need flow check first
Positive kick: 100% THERE IS KICK, No doubt
1- Mud tank level increases with constant pump rate
2- The pumps are off, but still we have a return
3- Pump running with constant rate, but return increases
Shut the well, do not wait
Kick warning sign: Maybe you have a kick, require a flow check first
1- Drilling break
2- Increase Gas cut
3- Cutting size and volume are getting bigger
Stop and flow check first, if there is a kick, then shut the well, if there is no kick, then
countinue operation
Non-shearable and non-sealable tools in BOP: before reaching this tools in BOP,
need flow check
Slug: heavy mud, we pump before POOH, to make sure we POOH dry not WET
Slug will not effect on BHP, how?
Casing float shoe:
Conventional: return to trip tank( Close end, wet, metal displacement + Pipe
capacity).
Advantaged
No kick inside
Disadvantage
More surge and swab
Self-filling: metal displacement
Advantage:
Less surge and swab
RIH will be fast
Disadvantage: uncontrol kick will go inside casing