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Unit I - Introduction to OOP Concepts and Control Structure
Define programming paradigm.
What are the four main types of programming paradigms?
List any two differences between procedural and object-oriented paradigms.
What is the significance of logic-based programming?
Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-oriented, functional, and logic-based paradigms.
Compare and contrast functional and object-oriented paradigms with examples.
Why is object-oriented programming needed in modern software development?
Define a class and an object in object-oriented programming.
What is encapsulation? How is it different from abstraction?
What is a namespace in Java?
Define polymorphism with an example.
What are methods and messages in OOP?
Explain the following OOP concepts with Java examples:
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Data Abstraction
Encapsulation
Discuss the advantages/benefits of object-oriented programming.
Write a Java program to demonstrate inheritance and method overriding.
What features make Java an object-oriented language?
How does Java implement encapsulation?
Is Java a purely object-oriented language? Justify.
Discuss Java's support for key OOP concepts using suitable examples.
Write a Java program that demonstrates abstraction using abstract classes or interfaces.
List the components of a simple Java program structure.
What is JVM? What is its role in Java program execution?
Differentiate between primitive data types and reference data types in Java.
What is the role of the main() method in a Java program?
Describe the typical structure of a Java program with a sample code.
Explain Java memory model with a diagram showing stack and heap memory.
Explain how Java ensures platform independence.
Write a Java program using primitive types, operators, and expressions.
Demonstrate the use of a user-defined package and import statements in Java.
What is the difference between if and if-else?
When is a for-each loop used in Java?
What is the purpose of break and continue statements?
Compare while, do-while, and for loops with syntax and examples.
Write a Java program that uses nested if-else conditions to find the largest of three numbers.
Create a Java program that uses loops and break/continue to display prime numbers between 1 and 50.
Compare Java with other OOP languages like C++, Python, and C# in terms of:
Object model
Inheritance support
Memory management
Libraries and packages
Syntax simplicity
Discuss how Java enforces strong OOP principles better than procedural languages.
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Unit II - Introduction to Classes and Objects and Arrays
What is a class in Java?
What is the purpose of the `this` keyword?
Define a constructor. How is it different from a method?
What are getter and setter methods?
What does it mean to 'instantiate' an object?
What is method overloading?
What is the scope of a local variable?
What is the difference between a static method and an instance method?
Explain the steps involved in defining a class and creating its object in Java with an example.
Discuss the concept of passing objects as parameters and returning objects from methods with an example.
Write a program demonstrating the use of overloaded constructors and `this` keyword.
Explain method overloading with proper examples.
Differentiate between static and non-static members in Java. Write code to demonstrate both.
Write a Java class `Student` with fields `name`, `roll`, and `marks`. Include constructors, get/set methods, and a method to dis
Write a program to define a class `Rectangle` with methods to calculate area and perimeter using method overloading.
Write a program where an object is passed to a method and returned after modification.
How do you declare and create an array in Java?
What is a multidimensional array?
How do you pass an array to a method?
What is a variable-length argument list?
What are command-line arguments in Java?
Write a Java program that reads 10 integers from the user and stores them in an array. Then, calculate and display the averag
Explain how arrays are passed to methods with a complete Java program.
Write a Java program to demonstrate a 2D array (matrix multiplication or addition).
Explain how variable-length arguments are handled in Java with a suitable example.
Write a Java program to sort an array of integers using bubble sort.
Write a Java method that takes an array of strings as a command-line argument and prints them in reverse order.
Write a program that stores `n` employee records (name, id, salary) using an array of objects.
What is the difference between Byte Streams and Character Streams?
List the predefined I/O streams in Java.
What is the use of `[Link]` and `[Link]`?
What is the role of the `PrintWriter` class?
Explain the concept of Byte Streams and Character Streams with examples.
How can you take input from the console in Java?
Write a Java program that reads input from the user and displays it using `BufferedReader` and `PrintWriter`.
Write a Java program to read the name and age of a person from console and display it in uppercase.
Write a Java program that uses `PrintWriter` to write some data into a text file and then read it using `FileReader`.
Design and implement a Banking System using a `BankAccount` class with fields and methods to deposit, withdraw, and chec
Implement a Library Management System using a `Book` class with fields and methods to issue, return, and display book deta
Create a mini project that accepts student details using class and arrays, calculates total marks, average, and grade using con
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Unit III - Inheritance and Polymorphism Exception Handling and Multithreading
What is inheritance in Java?
What is the difference between superclass and subclass?
What is the use of the protected access modifier?
List the types of inheritance supported in Java.
What is the role of constructors in subclasses?
Explain the relationship between superclass and subclass with example.
Write a program to demonstrate single and multilevel inheritance.
Explain how constructors are handled in subclass and superclass.
Discuss the Object class and its significance in Java.
What is polymorphism in Java?
What are abstract classes and methods?
What is dynamic binding?
What is the purpose of final methods and classes?
What is an interface in Java?
Explain polymorphism with examples of method overriding and interfaces.
Write a Java program using abstract classes and method overriding.
Differentiate between abstract class and interface with examples.
What is an exception in Java?
Name different types of exceptions in Java.
What is the use of try-catch block?
What is the difference between throw and throws?
What is the purpose of the finally block?
Write a Java program to demonstrate multiple try-catch clauses.
Explain the concept of nested try statements with example.
Write a Java program to demonstrate the use of built-in exceptions.
What is the Java thread model?
What is the main thread in Java?
How do you create a thread in Java?
How can we create multiple threads in Java?
Write a Java program that creates two threads and runs them simultaneously.
Explain the life cycle of a thread in Java.
Design and implement an Online Banking System using Inheritance and Exception Handling. Include account transactions with
Create a Library Management System using Inheritance, Exception Handling and Multithreading for issuing and returning boo
ror handling.
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Unit IV- Graphics Primitives, Scan Conversion, Windowing and Clipping

What is a pixel in computer graphics?

Define resolution and aspect ratio.
What is a frame buffer?
List any two applications of computer graphics.
Explain various display devices used in computer graphics.
Discuss the role of frame buffer and resolution in graphics rendering.
What is scan conversion?
Write the formula used in DDA line drawing algorithm.
What is the advantage of Bresenham’s line algorithm over DDA?
State any difference between midpoint and Bresenham circle algorithm.
Explain the DDA algorithm for line drawing with an example.
Describe Bresenham’s line algorithm and its working.
Write and explain the midpoint circle algorithm.
Write a program to draw a line using the DDA algorithm.
Implement Bresenham’s algorithm to draw a circle.
Define a polygon. What are convex and concave polygons?
What is an inside test in polygon filling?
Differentiate between flood fill and seed fill.
What is a scan line fill algorithm?
Explain the types of polygons with diagrams.
Describe the scan line polygon fill algorithm.
Write a program to fill a polygon using flood fill algorithm.
What is viewing transformation?
List the steps in Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm.
What is polygon clipping?
What are the region codes used in line clipping?
Explain the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm with an example.
Describe the Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm.
Write a program to implement Cohen-Sutherland line clipping.
Explain how line and circle drawing algorithms are used in real-time map rendering in GPS navigation systems.
Discuss the role of polygonal modeling and 3D pipeline in modern graphics applications.
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Unit V- 2D, 3D Transformations and Projections

What is 2D transformation in computer graphics?

Define translation and scaling in 2D transformations.

What is the difference between rotation and shear?

Explain rotation about an arbitrary point.

Derive the matrix representation of 2D rotation and scaling.

Explain shear transformation with suitable matrix and diagram.

Write a program to perform 2D translation and scaling on a polygon.

List the basic 3D transformations.

How is 3D rotation different from 2D rotation?

What is rotation about an arbitrary axis in 3D?

Explain 3D scaling and shear transformations with matrices.

Write down the transformation matrix for 3D rotation about X, Y, and Z axes.

Write a program to apply 3D translation and rotation to a cube.

What is the difference between perspective and parallel projection?

List the types of oblique projections.

What are the vanishing points in perspective projection?

Explain Cavalier and Cabinet projections with diagrams.

Describe isometric, diametric, and trimetric projections.

Explain 1-point, 2-point, and 3-point perspective projections.

Write a program to demonstrate isometric projection of a cube.

Explore and explain Affine Transformations using the VLab simulator. Summarize its theoretical concepts and demonstrate wit
examples.
Discuss how affine transformations and projections are used in image augmentation in deep learning.