GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOLAPUR
DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR :- 2025-2026
COURSE : EJ3K
PROGRAMME : -PEC
MICROPROJECT NAME :- SOUND REACTIVE LED USING LM358
CERTIFICATE THAT THIS MICROPROJECT IS THE WORK OF THE STUDENTS
NAME OF THE ENROLLMENT SIGN OF THE
ROLL NO
STUDENTS NUMBER STUDENTS
ARIHANT R.
56 24210230531
KONDEKAR
SAHIL V. BHOSALE 34 24210230505
ROHIT S. PATIL 17 24210230487
AJAY N. LANDGE 25210230542
The students of semester third subject name :- ELECTRONIC MEASURMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(PEC-313326) Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (2025-2026)
This report is a practical fulfilment for the award of the Microproject Diploma in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering by MSBTE.
GUIDED BY :-
DATE AND SIGN :-
SUBJECT TEACHER :- HOD
Mallikarjun Sir
INDEX
SR. NO TITLE PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION 04
2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 05
3 WORKING PRINCIPLE 06
4 COMPONENTS USED 07
ADVANTAGES AND
5 08
DISADVANTAGES
6 APPLICATIONS 09
INTRODUCTION
What is a Sound Reactive LED System?
A sound reactive LED system is a circuit that makes LEDs light up or flash in response to
sound or music. This type of system "reacts" to ambient sound — such as clapping, speaking,
or playing music — by converting sound signals into electrical signals that drive LEDs.
You might have seen similar systems in music visualizers, dance floors, or decorative
lighting that changes with the beat The core idea is to detect sound using a microphone, convert
it into a small electrical signal, amplify that signal, and use it to control LEDs.
However, the sound signal picked up by the microphone is very weak, in the range of
millivolts. To make this signal strong enough to drive a transistor or LED, we need an
amplifier.
This is where the LM358 Op-Amp comes in.
The LM358 is a popular dual-operational amplifier (op-amp) IC that works with a single
power supply — ideal for simple audio and sensor circuits. It can amplify weak signals from
sensors like microphones and is widely used because:
It’s cheap and readily available
It works well with 5V or 9V power
It can be configured as an amplifier, comparator, or filter
ACTUAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ACTUAL CIRCUIT
WORKING PRINCIPLE
1. Sound Detection (Microphone Input)
An electret microphone picks up sound waves from the environment.
These sound waves are converted into very small AC electrical signals (a few
millivolts).
However, these signals are too weak to directly drive an LED or even a transistor.
Key Component: Electret Condenser Microphone
Output: Weak AC signal (in millivolts)
2. Signal Amplification (Using LM358 Op-Amp)
The weak signal from the microphone is fed into the LM358 op-amp (usually in a
non-inverting configuration).
The op-amp amplifies the signal to a higher voltage level (typically in the range of
0–5V or 0–9V depending on supply).
The gain of the amplifier is set using resistors in the feedback loop of the op-amp.
Key Component: LM358 Operational Amplifier
Function: Amplifies weak AC signal to a usable level
3. Signal Filtering (Optional)
A capacitor is often used to remove the DC component of the signal, allowing only
the AC part (the actual sound signal) to pass through.
Sometimes a diode or second op-amp stage is used to detect only the peaks (positive
half-waves) of the sound signal.
This helps create a cleaner, more stable signal to control the LEDs.
Key Components: Capacitor, Diode, or Low-pass Filter
Function: Remove noise or DC bias, smooth signal
4. LED Control (Switching Stage)
The transistor acts as a switch: when the signal is strong enough, it allows current to
flow through the LED and current-limiting resistor, lighting up the LED.
The LED turns ON and OFF depending on the volume or rhythm of the sound
detected.
Function: Switches LEDs based on sound level
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
SR. NO COMPONENTS NAME SPECIFICATIONS
1 RESISTORS 10K,10K,10K,10K,470,1M ohm
2 CAPACITORS 0.47uf
3 DIODE 1N007
4 IC LM358
5 LED GREEN
6 CONDENSOR MICROPHONE SENSOR
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES : -
SR. NO ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Simple and low-cost Sensitive to noise and electrical
01
components interference
Operates on low voltage (e.g., Not accurate for complex sound
02
5V or 9V) analysis
Does not require a Only reacts to volume, not
03
microcontroller specific frequencies
Easy to build on breadboard or Can flicker or behave erratically
04
PCB in noisy environments
LM358 can operate from a single Limited amplification bandwidth
05
power supply (not ideal for high frequencies)
Useful for visualizing music or No digital control or
06
beats programmability
Compact and portable circuit LED brightness may not scale
07
design possible smoothly with sound amplitude
APPLICATIONS :
1. - Music Reactive Light Shows
2. Clap Switch Light Control
3. DIY Audio Visualizers
4. Sound Level Indicators (VU Meter)
5. Decorative Lighting for Rooms or Events
6. Voice-Activated Toys or Gadgets
7. Noise Detectors or Alarms
8. Hearing Impaired Sound Alert Systems
9. Microphone Signal Monitoring Tools
10. Light Sync Systems for Audio Speakers
… THANK YOU…