Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 1 IC
Submitted by:
Name of students
Vedant Chavan
Sai Jadhav
Guided by:
Name of the teachers
Miss Soorya Nair Mam
Miss Aksatha Mam
Write Name of your college - Keraleeya Samajam's Model College (Autonomous)
Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 2 IC
ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT
Certificate
This is to certify that the project of
Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 555 IC Contains the bonafied works
of Vedant And Sai Who has worked on the project and completed the same
In the academic year 2025-2026
His/her project work is in Electronics Discipline as per
The Maharashtra State Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education.
Internal Examiner External Examiner
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 3 IC
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It adds to my pleasure to acknowledge the persons who have helped
Me while the project work was in progress! First of all I am thankful Mrs. Soorya Nair and Mrs Akshata K , our Electronics teachers , who has helped us
in bringing out this project in present status! Our Science co ordinator [Link] Sir, who has also encouraged us and helped us during the
completion of this project, for which we are also thankful to him/her. I am also deeply grateful to our Hon’ble Principal, [Link] Bombardekar
Sir,whose discipline has created regularity in us, so as to complete the project in time. Last but not the least; I am thankful to all the teachers and my
friends for their help in this project work.
Signature of the student
INDEX TABLE
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 4 IC
INTRODUCTION
WORKING
CIRCUIT DIAGIRAM
COMPONENT LIST
SPECIFICATION OF COMPONENTS
APPLICATION & ADVANTAGIES
REPERENCE
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 5 IC
INTRODUCTION
Write down the brief introduction to give overall idea of your project.
Light Sensitive Trigger system is a simple yel powerful concept Ehich vees IC855 timer ar a
comparator. By vsing this system, manval crks are 100% removed . It autormatically suitches on
lighte when the sunlight goes below the visible regian of a our eyes. This is done by a sensar
called light Dependent ര് atalar (1 ല) ധാവിh Onees C al ca ◌ിliy Rike our eyes. By using this
system, energy ansumption is is atso reduced berause nowadays the manvally operated street
ighte are fot switched off even when sunlight comes & also switched an eorlier before sunset. In
this projeet, no need of manual operatian like on-time & aff-time setting. In light Seneitive Trigger
System, Timer Ic 55s is useol as a camparator, which campares voltage at every node of circuit .
To increase voltage at trigger pin of timer, IC555, LDR & other resistance are connected . IDR is
photoresistor, which increases its resistance valve in dark light & decreases its value in sunlight or
any source of light
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 6 IC
COMPONENTS LIST
List of semiconductors and the information, specifications, pin configurations, etc. about them.
Write the details here in tabular form. One example is given below.
Type of component Specifications
1 Resistor R1
2 Resistor R3
3 Resistor R4
4 Capacitor C1
5 Semiconductor D1
6 IC IC1
7 Relay Relay
8 IC Socket IC Socket
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 7 IC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
The relevant circuit diagrams of the project. You can scan the circuit diagrams from the chit that
was provided with the project kit and material.
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 8 IC
WORKING OF THE PROJECT
Type the detailed working as given in the chit supplied with your project kit.
The circuit activates a relay upon detecting abeence of lighl on an loR. It is porticulauly well suited
for contralling auteide lighting as uned for driveways & garage garage entrance Contary to its
normal use, as an astable or monostable multivibrator the 555 IC in this oircoit worta as a
comparatar. To explain this ratherr unusual application, it is necessary to note thad the aperation
of a 555 te is noxmally as follows: The autput gues high ques high upon receipt of a trigger pulse
on input pin 2. Thig pulse s a vollage cohose level is lower than %/ "a of the supply voltoge . The
output goes low again, when the votage al the second input, pin &, has briefty exceeded /3'd of
the supply level. In the presenbe design, the second inpul is not waed bul, the Sulput of the chip
can nonetheless mevert to the law state. Since pinG is conneeted directiy to the positive supply
mail. This setup is ascounted for by the accompanging table
In principle, the supply voltage for the circuit must equal the coil voltage of the relay. Donot apply
more than isv, however, as this may damage the 555 IC. The corrent consumption of the circvit is
umA, extlusive of the relay at a supply level of 12v. Components R2 & c ensure delay of ahoul 103
bofore the reay is energized, 3o thal the circuit is rendered insensitive to rapid changes in the lighit
intensity Bagically, the circuit Ohas no hysteresia effed, however when the supply is not requlated
the actuation of the relay coill lower the supply level somewhat. This lowers the internal threshald
of the IC since the trigger point is defined as 2rd of the supply level (pin 2) Therefore, the
hysteresis of the circuit can be dimensioned as required by fitting a resistor in series with the
supply. It is also possible to for a resistor between pin s & pin 7 of the 555 IC as shown in the
circuit diagram The amount of husterresis is inveraely proportibral to the value of the reristor &
the 100k is the resonable starting point of the experiments The gensitivity of the trigger circuit
can be contralled if R1 is replaned with 1m0 potentiometer of present
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 9 IC
APPLICATIONS OF PROJECT
Write down the list of applications of your project.
1. Automatic street lights – Lights turn ON at night and OFF during the day
2. Light-sensing alarm systems – Alarm triggers when light level changes
3. Camera light meters – To measure light for proper exposure
4. Automatic night lamps – Lamps glow automatically in darkness
5. Solar garden lights – Charge in daylight and turn ON at night
6. Brightness control in mobile phones & TVs – Adjusts screen brightness
7. Fire detection systems – Detects light from flames
8. Security systems – Detects interruption of light beam
9. Automatic door control systems – Opens/closes based on light
10. Robotics projects – Line follower and light-following robots
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 10 IC
FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The LDR-based project has a wide future scope and
can be further improved using modern technology.
In the future, this project can be integrated with
microcontrollers like Arduino or ESP to make the
system more accurate and intelligent. It can also be
connected with IoT technology, allowing users to
control and monitor lighting systems remotely
using mobile applications. By adding solar panels,
the project can become more energy-efficient and
eco-friendly. This system can be widely used in
smart street lighting for smart cities to reduce
power consumption. The combination of LDR with
motion sensors can further help in saving electricity
by switching lights ON only when needed. The
project can be expanded for home automation
systems and commercial buildings. Automatic
dimming features can be added to adjust light
intensity based on surroundings. It can also be used
in industrial lighting management and security
systems. Wireless technology can make installation
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Light Operated Switch Using LDR and 11 IC
easier and flexible. In the future, advanced light
sensors and AI-based control systems can be used
to improve
BIBLIOGRAPHY
References used for the completion of project report, like the domain names of websites, books
that you referred, etc.
Create one small list of these references here…
1.
Boylestad, R. L., and Nashelsky, L., Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Pearson
Education.
2.
Sedra, A. S., and Smith, K. C., Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press.
3.
Hughes, E., Electrical and Electronic Technology, Pearson.
4.
Theraja, B. L., and Theraja, A. K., A Textbook of Electrical Technology, S. Chand.
5.
Floyd, T. L., Electronic Devices, Pearson Education.
6.
Malvino, A. P., Electronic Principles, McGraw-Hill Education.
7.
Millman, J., and Halkias, C., Integrated Electronics, McGraw-Hill.
8.
All About Circuits – Electronics Learning Website.
9.
Electronics Hub – Online Electronics Projects and Tutorials Website.
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