2022 : pimf102
Decimals:
Notes : pages 407 - 516
but excluding :
468 - 481 (averages and probability)
p
501 - 506 (applications of )
Take note of the following things in the chapter :
1. When asked to compare a decimal and a fraction [or even when both are in an equation or expres-
sion], rather convert to fractions as you know more about such.
14 100 14 114
2. Make sure you know how to take decimal to fraction : eg 1; 14 = 1 + 100 = 100 + 100 = 100
2009
Once you are comfortable with such you can go directly to the fraction form : eg 2; 009 = 1000
1
3. Which is the larger of : 0; 2 or 7 [remember NO calculators are allowed]
2 1
Convert to equivalent fractions : 0; 2 = 10 ; 7
We need a denominator that the same (so can compare) :
2 2 7 14 1 1 10 10
10 = 10 7 = 70 7 = 7 10 = 70
14
so as 70 > 10
70 we have that 0; 2 > 1
7
4. when multiplying decimals : multiply as if no decimals, then move the decimal point the total
number of decimal places to the LHS
eg : 4; 003 1; 13
4003 113 = 452339 [make sure you can do without a calculator]
(note that three decimal places in 4,003 and two decimal places in 1,13 so a total of …ve decimal
places)
so : 4; 003 1; 13 = 4; 52339
5. Using the above, con…rm that : 40; 03 11; 3 = 452; 339
6. Note the above ruling does NOT work when dividing. We show you now a method that never fails
and shows a use of the commutative property of multiplication.
7;2
Calculate : 0;012 [equivalent : 7; 2 0; 012]
7;2
0;012 = 7; 2 0; 012
72 12
= 10 1000
72 1000
= 10 12
72 1000
= 12 10 ***
= 6 100
= 600
72 1000 72 1000
*** note the commutative law in denominator : 10 12 = 12 10 then separate numbers parts
and multiples of tens
0;072
7. What do you think : 0;0012 will be? using the above you should get : 6 10 = 60
8. A recurring decimal : 1; 12 means the pattern 12 repeats so 1; 12 = 1; 121212121212::::::
1
9. The same rules apply for solving for an unknown as before, just we may now have decimals and/or
fractions. It is easiest to often convert all to fractions. Never fails.
eg : Solve for x in : 4x + 7; 1 = 6; 2
Solution :
4x + 7; 1 = 6; 2
71 62
4x + 10 = 10
71 71 62 71
4x + 10 10 = 10 10
133
4x = 10
1 1 133
4 4x = 4 10
133
x = 40
[= 3; 325] **
** : check to see how the answer is wanted. If just solve for x then the fraction form is perfectly
acceptable
10. RATIO : there are many ways to see ratios.
We present a method [di¤erent to the text] that always works and basically asks you to go to ONE
of something and ask yourself the question more [then multiply] or less [then divide].
See the next two examples that will hopefully show what is meant by the above.
(a) If a person can do 6 km in 31 minutes, how far can they go in 17 minutes?
[if we know how far in 1 minute then 17 minutes is easy]
so : it takes 31 minutes to do 6 km
6
then in 1 minute you will do 31 km [surely less as the time is less ; so divide]
6
thus in 17 minutes you will do 17 31 km [more as more time ; so multiply]
(b) If 6 people take 7 hours to do a job how long will 5 people take?
[we ask how long will 1 person take then go to 5 people]
if 6 people take 7 hours
then 1 person takes 6 7 hours [more as you doing the job of many!]
6 7
so 5 people will take 5 hours [less as more people to do job so divide]
11. Square roots : if n2 = m then n is a square root of m
eg : ( 3)2 = 9 so 3 is a square root of 9 and 3 is also a square root of 9
p p
When we write 9 we mean ONLY the positive answer so 9=3
12. Note we can never get the square root of a negative number : reason : n2 is always positive!
p
Thus 16 not exist as say it were 4; then we would have to have ( 4)2 = 16 which is NOT
correct. So we cannot take the square root of a negative number.
13. Pg 495 of the text notes is a very good summary of what you need know about square roots
14. For the area of a circle you need know the formula ( A = r2 ....) and the link between radius and
diameter.
2
Assessment :
Note that have pen and paper handy and solve then seek your answer. Don’t guess!
Select which of the following is correct.
1. two and one hundredths is :
(a) 2,001
(b) 2,01
(c) 2,1
2. The 6 in 0; 00467 represents :
6
(a) 100
6
(b) 1000
6
(c) 10000
3. 107,315 rounded to the nearest hundreds is :
(a) 107,32
(b) 100
(c) 100,31
(d) 101
4. 107,315 rounded to the nearest hundredth is :
(a) 107,32
(b) 100
(c) 100,31
(d) 101
5. 4; 134 is a short way to write :
(a) 4; 134134134134....
(b) 4; 13434343434....
(c) 4; 134444....
6. 7; 112 + 6; 9 = ::::::
7112 69
(a) 100 + 10
7112 69
(b) 1000 + 100
7112 69
(c) 1000 + 10
7112 69
(d) 100 + 100
3
1
7. You are solving for x in : 3x 6 = 0; 56 + 13
Which of the following is TRUE
1 1
(a) x = 3 0; 56 + 13
1 1
(b) x = 3 0; 56 + 13 +6
1 1
(c) x = 3 (0; 56) + 13 6
1 1
(d) x = 3 [0; 56 + 13 + 6]
1
8. Which is the smaller : 0; 3 or 3
(a) neither as they are the same number
(b) 0; 3
1
(c) 3
9. Let x and y represent single digits
If we know that xy = 56
Then : 0; 00x 0; y = :::::
(a) 56
(b) 5; 6
(c) 0; 56
(d) 0; 0056
10. Let x and y represent single digits
If we know that xy = 56
Then : 0; 056 0; y = :::::
x
(a) 1000
x
(b) 100
x
(c) 10
(d) x
11. If 3g of a substance has 1013 calories then 19g of the substance will have ...... calories.
3
(a) 19 1013
19
(b) 3 1013
19 1013
(c) 3
3 1013
(d) 19
Are the following statements True (T) or False (F)
12. If the diameter of a circle is 4 cm then the radius is 20 mm
13. The diameter of a circle is 9 cm . The area of the circle is : (4; 5)2 cm2
14. The area of a circle of radius 3 cm is (3)2 mm2
4
Answers :
1. b
2. c
3. b [be careful of hundreds versus hundredths!!]
4. a
5. c [the bar is only on the 4 so that the only part to recur]
6. c
7. d
3 9 1 10
8. c [ 0; 3 = 10 = 30 3 = 30 and use that 10 < 9]
9. d [total of 4 decimal places to move from right to left for 56]
10. b
11. c
12. T
13. T
14. F [ radius in cm but area in mm2 : make sure units coincide]