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Eng Math Course Note 7

The document discusses z transforms, which are used to analyze discrete systems similarly to Laplace transforms for continuous systems. It provides definitions, examples of z transforms for finite and geometric sequences, and outlines properties and methods for solving linear difference equations using z transforms. Additionally, it includes a table of well-known z transforms and demonstrates the application of these concepts through various examples.

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6 views15 pages

Eng Math Course Note 7

The document discusses z transforms, which are used to analyze discrete systems similarly to Laplace transforms for continuous systems. It provides definitions, examples of z transforms for finite and geometric sequences, and outlines properties and methods for solving linear difference equations using z transforms. Additionally, it includes a table of well-known z transforms and demonstrates the application of these concepts through various examples.

Uploaded by

ibrahimhaciosmanoglu4
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Engineering Mathematics

z Transform

1/4/2023 1
Engineering Mathematics

z transforms
z transforms are used to solve problems in discrete systems in a manner
similar to the use of Laplace transforms for piecewise continuous systems.
Definition
The z transform of a sequence f0,f1,f2,...,fn,... is given by

As this is an infinite summation it will not always converge. The set of


values of z for which it exists is called the region of convergence (ROC).
The sequence, f0,f1,f2,...,fn,... is a function of an integer, however, its z
transform is a function of a complex variable z. The operation of taking the
z transform of the sequence fn is represented by Z {fn} = F(z).
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Engineering Mathematics

Example
Find the z transform of the finite sequence 1, 0, 0.5, 3.

Solution
We multiply the terms in the sequence by z−n, where n =0, 1, 2, . . .
and then sum the terms, giving

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Engineering Mathematics

Example
Find the z transform of the geometric sequence a0rn where n = 0,1,...

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Engineering Mathematics
Solution
We multiply the terms in the sequence by z−n, where n =0, 1, 2, . . .
and then sum the terms, giving

where
We can see that in the case of
infinite sequences there will be
a region of convergence for the
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z transform.
Engineering Mathematics

Z Transform Table
Rather than always using the
definition to find the z transform,
we will usually make use of a table
of well-known transforms and
properties of the z transform to
discover the transform of various
sequences. A list of z transforms is
given in table

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Engineering Mathematics

Properties of the z transform


For the following

1. Lineartiy

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Engineering Mathematics

Properties of the z transform


2. Left shifting property:

3. Right shifting property:


(although usually we assume fn = 0 for n < 0 we use f−1 , f−2 for the initial
conditions when solving difference equations using z transforms):

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Engineering Mathematics

Properties of the z transform


4. Change of scale:

5. Derivatives of the transform:

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Engineering Mathematics

Example
Find the z transform of 3n + 2 × 3n.
Solution
From the linearity property

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Engineering Mathematics

Example
Find the inverse z transform of

Solution

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Engineering Mathematics

Example
Find the inverse z transform of

Solution

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Engineering Mathematics

Example

Using find

Solution

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Engineering Mathematics

Solving linear difference equations


with constant coefficients using z transforms

The scheme for solving difference equations is very similar to


that for solving differential equations using Laplace
transforms and is outlined below. The z transform transforms
the linear difference equation with constant coefficients to an
algebraic equation in z.

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Engineering Mathematics

Example

Solve the difference equation

for n≥0 given y-1=1


Solution

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