RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, GHAZIABAD
CLASS- XI SUBJECT- ENGLISH
TOPIC -NOTEMAKING (HANDOUT)
In note making, the writer records the essence of the information. It helps us to
understand and clarify thinking. Note making saves a lot of time by going through
the notes made. One can get a glimpse of a lot of information from a short note.
Note making is not just about writing down everything you hear or read. It is a process
of reviewing, connecting and synthesizing ideas from your lectures or reading. Making
notes helps you to: stay active and engaged during your lectures, reading and while
revision it helps to understand what you are learning and clarify your doubts.
TIPS TO WRITE NOTE MAKING
1. Must write the title. It should state what the majority of the passage talks about.
2. Minimum 4 abbreviations to be used in note making and make key to abbreviations after writing
the notes and not after the summary. (maximum abbreviations 5)
3. Helping verbs ,articles ,pronouns and determiners could be omitted
4. Write minimum 5 main heading and 3 sub headings (do not write too many subheadings)
5. Write phrases not complete sentences
6. Do not forget to use indentation
7. Do not use numbers as abbreviations :
TIPS TO WRITE SUMMARY
1. Do not exceed word limit given in the exam
2. Summary is made out of notes not the passage
3. Do not divide the summary in different paragraphs.
4. It should be attempted just after the note making
5. Do not start like this : ‘The passage talks about’
6. Do not use any abbreviations in summary
FORMAT
[Link] MAKING
TITLE (underline the title)
NOTES
1. Main Heading
A.1 Sub heading
Left A.1.1 Sub Sub-Heading (optional_
Margin
(do not A.1.2 Sub Sub-Heading
Write A.2 Sub heading
no.
In A.2.1 Sub Sub-Heading
margin)
A.2.2 Sub Sub-Heading
2. Main Heading
B.1 Sub heading
B.1.1 Sub Sub-Heading
B.1.2 Sub Sub-Heading
B.2 Sub heading
B.2.1 Sub Sub-Heading
B.2.2 Sub Sub-Heading
Abbreviations
[Link]
1. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making
and selling of drugs has a long history and is closely linked, like medical
practice itself, with belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so, as
the development of scientific techniques made it possible diagnosis has become
possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many
illnesses-with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses of
which the causes remain unknown, he is still limited, like the unqualified
prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when
to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause. This is the essential
difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.
The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of
medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many
countries public health organization is improving and people’s nutritional
standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends are two which have an
adverse effect. One is the use of high pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical
industry which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to
the overuse of drugs generally. The other is emergence of eating, insufficient
sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from
faulty habits such as these , as well as well from unhappy human relationships ,
often resort to self –medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the
list .Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.
Clever advertising, aimed at chronic suffers who will try anything because
doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation,
particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce-by suggestion-a very real
effect in some people .Advertisements also aimed at people suffering from mild
complaints such as simple cold and coughs which clear up by themselves within
a short time.
These are the main reasons, why laxatives, indigestion-
remedies, painkillers, cough-mixtures, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets, nose
drops, ointments and many other preparations are found in quantity in many
households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s
health, it may even make it worse. Worse, because the preparation may
contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent
on them; worse because they might be taken excess; worse because they
may cause poisoning , and worst of all because symptoms of some serious
underlying cause may be asked and therefore medical help may not be
sought. Self-diagnosis is a greater danger than self-medication.
Questions
(A) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it, in
points only, using headings and sub-headings. Also use recognizable
abbreviations, wherever necessary (Minimum four). Supply an appropriate
title to it.
(B) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80words.
Title:Self-Medication
1. Self medica.
(a) part of normal living—last 100 yrs
(b) Advance in diag. tech...
(c) Drs rqd. for diag .& treat. of disease
(d ) self medication differs from medic. prescription
2. Technological Advm. in medicine
(a) drug therapy
(b)impvt. In pub. Health org’s
(c) increase in nutri’l standards.
3. Clever advertising by pharma’l companies
(a) take advantage of people’s need
(b) chronic suffers
(c ) mild complaints like cold and coughs
(d) Faulty life style
d(i) Lack of exercise
d (ii) over eating, insuff’t sleep etc.
d(iii) stress, unhappy etc.
4. dangers of self – medica.
(a)contain unsuitable ingrt.
(b) Taker becomes dependent
(c) Taker consumes medi. In excess
(d) Prep’ns may cause poison’g
(e) Real cause of illness
e (i)suppressed
e(ii)untreated
ABBREVATIONS
[Link]. - medication
[Link] . -diagnosis
[Link]’t –insufficient
[Link]. –treatment
[Link]. –advancement
[Link]. -medicine
SUMMARY
Self medication is part of normal living. Medicinal experts are required for
diagnosis and treatment of disease according to symptoms and [Link]
development of drug therapy and improvement in public health organizations and
nutritional standards have helped progress in medicinal science. Excessive
advertising by pharmaceutical companies and emergence of the sedentary society
are two counter trends. Self medication is dangerous as the preparation may be
toxic or contain unsuitable ingredients, the user becomes dependent and
consumes medicine in excess. Self-diagnosis is worse than self medication.
[Link] the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
Almost all of us have suffered from a headache at some time or the other. For
some a headache is a constant companion and life is a painful hell of wasted time.
The most important step to cope with headaches is to identify the type of
headache one is suffering from. In tension headaches (two hand headache), a
feeling of a tight band around the head exits along with the pain in the neck and
shoulders. It usually follows activities such as long stretches driving, typing or
sitting on the desks. They are usually short lived but can also last for days or
weeks.
A headache is usually caused due to the spinal misalignment of the head, due to
the posture. Sleeping on the stomach with the head turn to one side and bending
over positions for a long time make it worse.
In migraine headaches, the pains usually on one side of the head may
be accompanied by nausea, vomiting irritability and bright spots of flashes of
light. This headache is meant worse by activities especially bending.
The throbbing pain in the head worsens by noise and light. Certain triggers for
migraines may be chocolate, caffeine, smoking or MSU in certain food items.
The pain may last eight to twenty four hours and there may be a hangover for two
or three days. Migraines are often produced by an ‘aura’------changes in sight and
sensation. There is usually a family migraine.
In a headache, pain originates from the brain but from the irritated nerves of
muscles, blood vessels and bones. These head pain signals to the brain which
judges the degree of distress and relays it at appropriate sites. The pain
sometimes may be referred to sights other than the problem areas. This is known
as referred by pain and occurs due to sensation overload. Thus, though, most
headache states at the base of the skull referred pain as felt typically behind the
eyes.
Factors causing headache are understood but it is known that a shift in the level
of body hormones chemicals, certain foods and drinks and environmental
stress can trigger them.
If the headache troubles you often, visit the doctor, who will take a full health
history relating to diet, life stresses, the type of headache, trigging factors and
relief measures. You may be asked to keep a ‘headache diary’ which tells you to
list – the time headache started and when it ended, emotional environmental and
food and drinking factors which may contribute to it. The type and severity of
pain and the medications used which provide much relief are also to be listed.
This helps the doctor in determining the exact cause and type of headache and the
remedy thereof.
Questions
(1) On the basis of your reading the passage make notes on it using
recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Use a format u consider
suitable. Supply a suitable title.
(2) Write a summary in about 80 words.
[Link] on the contents of the passage;
Title:- Headache and their Treatments
[Link]:-
(i) tension heada.
(ii) migraine heada.
[Link]:-
(i) Tension heada.
(a) feeling tight band around head
(b) pain in neck and shoulders
(ii) Migraine heada.
(a) pain on one side of the head
(b) vomiting and irritability
(c) bright sport of flashes of light
[Link]:-
(i) Tension heada.
(a) long stretches of driving
(b) long hours of typing or sitting on the desk
(ii) Migraine heada.
(a) Choco. coffee, smoking
(b) MSU is certain food items
[Link] :-
(i) Self –care [Link] shorter period
(ii) Dr. advice for permanent treatments
Abbreviations
[Link]. – headache
[Link]. – Chocolate
3. Dr. – Doctor
[Link]. – techniques
[Link] of the passage:-
Life becomes a painful hell if headache becomes once constants companion. In
order to find an effective cure for it, is very important to identify the type of
headache one suffering from. It can be tension headache or a migraine, and the
treatment as to be found as accordingly. Complete ‘headache diary’ if maintained
may help the doctor find the perfect remedy to triggering factors responsible for
it. Self medication should be done for only a short-term relief and with the
greatest caution. Doctor’s advice is a must if it persists for a longer time.