Lesson 7
1. What do Jejudo, Sicily, and Hawaii have in common?
2. They are islands, of course. In fact, they are all islands made from
volcanic eruptions.
3. Volcanoes are very powerful, so they are named after Vulcan, the
Roman god of fire.
4. They can make big islands appear or destroy entire cities like Pompeii.
목적어: big islands + 목적격보어: appear
동사 make 가 5 형식 문장의 동사원형 자리에 올 때, 목적격 보어자리에 (동사원형)이 온다.
5. Therefore, they (can/should) be studied and understood.
조동사 + be + p.p. = 조동사가 포함된 수동태
6. Nobody knows for sure how many volcanoes there are in the world.
know 의 목적어로 간접의문문이 쓰였다.
의문사 how many + 주어 there + 동사 are
7. According to scientists, there are about 1,500 active volcanoes above
sea level.
8. Many more are underwater, and they are hard to locate.
9. Still, scientists have discovered a large number of them so far.
10. Many of the volcanoes on Earth are located along the Ring of Fire that
circles the Pacific Ocean.
* 관계대명사 O, 선행사 O, 관계대명사절 [ ] 표시 * 이 문장에서 관계대명사는 ( 주격/목적격 )으로 생략이 ( 가능/
불가능 )하다.
11. The ring is about 40,000 kilometers long, and it is home to around
75% of the world's active volcanoes.
12. Indonesia alone has over 120 active volcanoes since the country lies
on the Ring of Fire.
13. This ring is also the area ( where ) most of the world's earthquakes
occur.
* 장소를 나타내는 적절한 관계부사를 괄호 안에 적기
* 관계부사 O, 선행사 O, 관계부사절 [ ] 표시
A Sudden Volcano
1. Working on a cornfield one day in 1943, farmers in Mexico found
something surprising.
'Working ...'은 분사 구문으로 사용되어 ‘( while they were working ) on a
cornfield one day in 1943’ 의 의미를 나타낸다.
'-thing'이나 '-body'로 끝나는 대명사는 형용사가 ( 앞에서 / 뒤에서 ) 수식한다.
3. A volcano appeared overnight on a flat cornfield.
4. Residents watched the volcano grow over 100 meters tall within a
week.
형식: 동사 + 목적어 + 목적격보어
watch 는 지각 동사로 목적격 보어 자리에 동사원형,, ing 등이 왔다.
5. The volcano, (called/calling) Paricutin, kept growing, and it finally
stopped growing at 424 meters in 1952.
6. You may think volcanoes can be (find/found) only on Earth.
7. However, they have been discovered on other planets, too, such as
Mars and Jupiter.
'have been + 과거분사' 형태의 현재완료 수동태이다.
8. In fact, "Olympus Mons" on Mars is the largest known volcano in the
solar system.
9. Its volume is about 100 times greater than that of Mauna Loa, the
largest volcano on Earth.
* '~times + 비교급 + than A'는 'A 보다 ~배 더 ---'이라고 해석한다.
* 대명사 that 은 the volume 을 대신한다.
* The largest volcano on Earth 는 Mauna Loa 와 동격이다.
10. (Be/Being) very powerful and dangerous, volcanoes do harm to people
in many ways.
* 위 분사 구문을 '접속사 + 주어 + 동사'로 바꾸면 ( because volcanoes ar) very
powerful and dangerous.
* 분사 구문으로 바꿀 때의 순서는 * 1. 접속사를 생략한다. > * 2. 접속사가 쓰인 절의 주어를 생략한다. (단, 주절의
주어와 같을 때) > * 3. 접속사가 쓰인 절의 동사를 「동사원형 + ing」로 바꾼다.
11. Sometimes people get hurt, or they may lose their houses.
12. Crops (may/should) be destroyed, and air traffic can be threatened.
* 조동사 + be + p.p. = 조동사가 포함된 수동태
13. Volcanoes can also have serious effects on world weather.
A Deadly Volcano
Mt. Tambora, an active volcano on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia,
erupted in 1815.
The eruption killed more than 10,000 residents.
It also caused an unusually cold summer around the world the following
year.
What volcanoes do is not always bad for humans, however.
관계대명사 what 은 선행사를 포함하는 관계대명사로 '~하는 것'이라고 해석한다.
not always: '언제나 ~인 것은 아니다'라는 의미로 부분 부정을 나타낸다.
The soil near a volcano is good for farming.
Volcanoes are also a great tourist attraction.
8. (Look/Looking) for fantastic scenery, millions of tourists visit Mt. Halla
in Jejudo, Mt. Etna in Sicily, or Diamond Head in Hawaii every year.
* 위 분사 구문을 '접속사 + 주어 + 동사'로 바꾸면 -> ( because millions of tourists are
looking for ) fantastic scenery, ....
* 분사 구문으로 바꿀 때의 순서는 * 1. 접속사를 생략한다. > * 2. 접속사가 쓰인 절의 주어를 생략한다. (단, 주절의
주어와 같을 때) > * 3. 접속사가 쓰인 절의 동사를 「동사원형 + ing」로 바꾼다.
9. Volcanoes can be (use/used) to produce electricity, too.
* 조동사 + be + p.p. = be used = 조동사가 포함된 수동태 * to produce 는 목적을 나타내는
to 부정사의 명사 / 형용사 / 부사적 용법으로 '...하기 위해서'라고 해석한다.
10. Iceland, for example, actively turns its volcanoes' heat energy into
electricity.
11. Today people around the world are studying ways to live in greater
harmony with volcanoes, and they are hopeful that more ways will be
found soon.