PROJECT REPORT

(Submitted for the Degree of [Link] in

Accounting &Finance under the University of
Calcutta)

TITLE OF THE PROJECT:

“E- COMMERCE”

SUBMITTED BY
Name of the Candidate:RAVIKANT BHALOTIA

Registration Number: 988-303-4569

Name of the College:THE BHAWANIPUIR EDUCATION

SOCIETY COLLEGE

College Roll Number: 123

CU exam Roll Number:8820-69-6761

SUPERVISED BY

Name of the Supervisor:[Link] BHALOTIA

Name of the College:THE BHAWANIPUIR EDUCATION

SOCIETY COLLEGE

MONTH &YEAR OF SUBMISSION:

Date:June,2021
 Annexure-IA
SUPERVISOR'S CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that [Link] KANT BHALOTIA a student of [Link]. Honours

in Accounting &Finance of THE BHAWANIPUR EDUCATION SOCIETY
COLLEGE, under the University of Calcutta has worked under my supervision and guidance for
his/her Project Work and prepared a Project Report with the title"E-COMMERCE "which he/she
is submitting,
is his/her genuine and original work to the best of my knowledge.

Place:Kolkata
Signature:
Date: Name:[Link] BHALOTIA

Designation:PROFESSOR

Name of the College:The bhawanipur education society college

Annexure-IB
STUDENT'S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Project Work with the title"E-COMMERCE "submitted by
me for the partial fulfilment of the degree of [Link] in Accounting
&Finance under the University of Calcutta is my original workand has not been
submitted earlier to any other University /Institution for the fulfilment of the
requirement for any course of
study.
I also declare that no chapter of this manuscript in whole or in part has been incorporated
in this report from any earlier work done by others or by [Link],extracts of
any literature which has been used for this report has been duly acknowledged providing
details
of such literature in the references.

Place:Kolkata Signature:
Date: 03/06/2021 Name:RAVIKANT BHALOTIA
Registration Number:988-303-4569

College Roll Number:123

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all thanks to God,for giving me and my friends the strength and will to complete
this task just in [Link] though we faced a lot of difficulties while trying to complete
this task,the group still managed to complete it and we are glad about it.

A special thanks to Mr Abhishek Pandey,for being such a good guidance to us while

we were doing this [Link] had given us an appropriate example and knowledge in
order to make us understand more about this [Link] spends his time to explain the
execution of this idea in all the way

I also appreciate CA Shruti Chamaria,for her support to me to do this project in all the
way and made it [Link] also want to thank other groups who were willing to share
their information about this [Link] gave us a lot of new ideas about the task.

Also a great thanks to my family and friends who tried their best to give their support
either by giving me a lot of encouragement to keep up with this task or by
supporting us financially and pay all the cost required to complete this task.

4
 CONTENTS
[Link]. TITLE PAGE
NO.
1. COVER PAGE 1
2. SUPERVISOR'S CERTIFICATE 2
3. STUDENT'S DECLARATION 3
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
5. CHAPTER1:INTRODUCTION
TO E-COMMERCE
1.1:Background 07-08
1.2:Introduction 09-09
1.3:Difference between E-
commerce 10-10
&Traditional commcerce 11-11
1.4:Objectives/Needs 12-12
1.5:Limitiation 13-13
1.6:Features 14-14
1.7:E-commerce &E-Business 15-18
1.8:Models/Types 19-19
1.9:Future of E-commerce 20-20
1.11:Litreture Review 21-22
1.12:Research Methodology

6. CHAPTER 2:CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK 24-24
2.1:Oyerview
25-28
2.2:National scenatio 39-30
2.3:International scenatio
7. CHAPTER 3:DATA 31-35
FINDING&ANALYSIS
4. CHAPTER 4:CONCLUSION & 36-38
RECOMMENDATION
5. CHAPTER 5:BIBLIOGRAPHY 39-40

6. CHAPTER 6:QUESTIONNAIRE 41-44

5
 СНАРТКР
1«

ПМТКОDИСТТОМ
ТО Е-
СОММЕРСЕ

6
 1.1:BACKGROUND
HISTORY OF E-COMMERCE
E-commerce was introduced about 40 years ago in its earliest [Link]
then,electronic commerce has helped countless businesses grow with the help of
new technologies, improvements in internet connectivity,added security with
payment gateways,and
widespread consumer and business adoption.

With the wide adoption of the Internet and the introduction of the World Wide Web in
1991 and of the first browser for accessing it in 1993,most e-commerce shifted
to the [Link] recently,with the global spread of smartphones and the accessibility
of fast broadband connections to the Internet,much e-commerce moved to mobile
devices,
which also included tablets,laptops,and wearable products such as watches.
Ecommerce has come a long way since the CompuServe launch in [Link] in
technology have certainly driven ecommerce growth,along with global circumstances.
Ecommerce has evolved in many ways since its start,and it's changing the way we live,
shop and do [Link]'s dive into the history and the future of ecommerce.

E-COMMERCE TIMELINE
1969:CompuServe is founded.

In the 1980s,CompuServe introduced some of the earliest forms of email and internet
connectivity to the public and dominated the ecommerce landscape through the
mid-
1990s.

1979:Michael Aldrich invents electronic shopping.

This made it possible for closed information systems to be opened and shared by
outside parties for secure data transmission —and the technology became the
foundation for
modern ecommerce.

7
1994:Netscape Navigator launches as a web browser:
Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark co-created Netscape Navigator as a web
browsing [Link] the 1990s,Netscape Navigator became the primary web
browser on the
Windows platform,before the rise of modern giants like Google.

1995:Amazon launch

Jeff Bezos introduced Amazon primarily as an ecommerce platform for books.

1999:Alibaba launches.

Alibaba Online launched as an online marketplace with more than $25 million in
funding. By 2001,the company was [Link] went on to turn into a major
B2B,C2C,and B2C
platform that's widely used today.

2011:Google Wallet introduced as a digital payment method

By linking the digital wallet to a debit card or bank account,users can pay for products
or services via these [Link],Google Wallet has joined with Android Pay for
what is
now known as Google Pay.

2017:Shoppable Instagram is introduced.

Instagram Shopping launched with ecommerce partner [Link] then,the

service has expanded to additional ecommerce platforms and allows Instagram users to
immediately click an item,and go to that item's product page for purchase.

2020:COVID-19 Drives Ecommerce Growth.

COVID-19 outbreaks around the globe pushed consumers online to unprecedented
levels. By May of 2020,ecommerce transactions reached $82.5 billion —a
77%increase from [Link] would have taken four to six years to reach that number
looking at traditional
year-over-year increases.

Consumers have moved online to make purchases normally made in physical stores,such
as food and household items,apparel,and [Link] consumers say
they'll
continue to use online storefronts until a COVID-19 vaccine is available.
8
 1.2:INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ECOMMERCE?
E-commerce(electronic commerce or EC)is the buying and selling of goods and
services,or the transmitting of funds or data,over an electronic network,primarily
the
internet.

E-Commerce or Electronics Commerce is a methodology of modern business,which

addresses the need of business organizations,vendors and customers to reduce cost and
improve the quality of goods and services while increasing the speed of delivery.
Ecommerce refers to the paperless exchange of business information using the following
ways -

· Electronic Data Exchange (EDI)

· Electronic Mail (e-mail)

· Electronic Bulletin Boards

· Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)
· Other Network-based technologies

There are some examples of e-commerce are:

· Online shopping: Online shopping is the most popular example of e-commerce,

it involves buying and selling of goods on internet.

· Online payments: when a buyer get product they can make his payment through

net.
· Internet banking: In today's time banks can offers you internet banking which is

the easiest way of making online payments.

· Online Ticket: We can book our ticket through net whether it is bus ticket,train
ticket,or movie ticket internet can reduces efforts for it.

9
 1.3:DIFFERENCE BETWEEN E-
COMMERCE V/S TRADITIONAL
COMMERCE

Basis F-commerce Traditional

System
Reduce Data Error Doesn't involve data at multi points. The buyer and seller create
Data goes directly from one purchase order on their system
computer to another Computer and send it to their trading
without [Link] receiver/seller
involving human being then re-enter the same
information on the
computer,which will create
data error.

Reduce cost Initial cost of E-commerce is Time is directly linked to saving

very high as compared to the [Link] is repetition of
paper process but over a same work at every level and it
long period of time,it is very involves a lot of wastage of time
effective. and if the error is arisen that will
lead to more wastage of
money.

Reduce Paper E-commerce data in the t requires re-entry of data at

work electronic form make it easy to each level and requires lot of
share it across the organization. [Link] the peak time is wasted
in re-entering and printing of the
Reports.

Reduce E-commerce reduces the When the buyer order in a

Processing processing cycle time of paper format,the data is re-
cycle time complete cycles as the data entered in to the Sellers's
is entered the system,it is computer and
simultaneously Processed then only processing can take
place which is a time
consuming
process.
Reduce labour No need to maintain large Need to maintain a large
number of employees,instead number of employees because
there arises the need to one-third of labour force is
manage them more efficiently employed to fulfill orders
from customers

10
 1.4:OBJECTIVES/MERITS/ADVANTAGES
OF E COMMERCE
(a)Enhances convenience: Customers can make orders for goods at their own convenience
and from the comfort of their homes without having to travel to the business [Link] are
also delivered to them at their most ideal [Link]'s the best shopping option for people
who are
always busy.

(b)Allows for produet and price comparison: Again,when making purchases,customers want
to get the best [Link] business model allows for product and price comparison by
consumers so that the best products are bought at the fairest [Link] can also enjoy extra
benefits like
discounts,coupons,items on sale and also get the best deals.

(c)Easy fund-raising for start-ups ventures: So many people have the desire to venture into
business but lack sufficient funds to set up [Link] a physical store can be quite
expensive.
E-commerce makes it easier for start-ups to do business and grow.

(d)Efficient: E-commerce has the advantage of being [Link] are used efficiently
since most of the business services are [Link] owners sometimes spend a
lot of
resources meeting business needs and this eats into profits.E-commerce thrives on efficiency.

(e)Customer reach: It's easier to reach many customers on the [Link] social media
links and good search engine optimization strategies,an online business can increase brand
awareness and grow its customer [Link] also has the advantage of being able to connect buyers
and sellers
from all corners of the globe.

(I)Prompt payments: Payments are fast since online stores use electronic or mobile transactions
payment [Link] mobile wallet system for merchant accounts drive up sales and
increase
revenue generation.

(g)Ability to sell different produets: The flexibility of conducting business over the internet
makes it possible for entrepreneurs to display and sell several products and also cater to a
wider
demographic.

11
 1.5:LIMITATIONS/DISADVANTAGES OF E-
COMMERCE
(a) Poor quality products: You don't physically see and inspect whatever you are paying
for before it's [Link],therefore,run the risk of falling victim to false marketing
and
buying poor quality products from the virtual shop.

(b) Impulsive purchases: Online stores display a large number of products and due to
the convenience of shopping,customers can find themselves making bad financial
decisions
through impulsive purchases.

(c) Internet scammers: The internet is a good thing but some people have decided to use it for all
the wrong [Link] have made this type of business model unattractive for some

consumers.

(d) Lack of after sales support: As a result of lack of physical premises,customers find it hard
to access after sales [Link] can take up to several days before any help is accorded
to a
customer in need.

(e) Fast changing business environment: Technology evolves so [Link] entrepreneurs find
it hard to keep up and lose a lot of business in the [Link] may make business
growth
unattainable

(f) Loss of personal touch:Business is all about [Link] business model erodes the
personal touch between a customer and the business [Link] loyalty can thus be
a
problem since there are many such businesses that provide different options.

(g) Delivery of goods can get delayed: It takes time before the goods ordered for are
delivered. Sometimes the delivery delays and this inconveniences the [Link] is
different from
physical business premises where customers walk out with the products bought.

Further,many critics of electronic commerce,however,have argued that this mode of buying

and selling has been endangering the livelihoods of traditional market sellers and shop owners
who prefer to sell face to face.
12
 1.6:CHARACTERISTICS/FEATURES OF E-
COMMERCE:-
E-Commerce provides the following features -
(a) Non-Cash Payment- E-Commerce enables the use of credit cards,debit cards,smart
cards,electronic fund transfer via bank's website,and other modes of electronics payment.

(b) 24x7 Service availability-E-commerce automates the business of enterprises and the way

they provide services to their [Link] is available anytime,anywhere.

(c) Advertising/Marketing- E-commerce increases the reach of advertising of products and

services of [Link] helps in better marketing management of products/services.

(d) Improved Sales- Using e-commerce,orders for the products can be generated anytime,
anywhere without any human [Link] gives a big boost to existing sales volumes.

(e) Support- E-commerce provides various ways to provide pre-sales and post-sales

assistance to provide better services to customers.

(f) Inventory Management -E-commerce automates inventory [Link] get

generated instantly when [Link] inventory management becomes very efficient
and easy to maintain.

(g) Communication improvement-E-commerce provides ways for faster,efficient,reliable

communication with customers and partners.

13
 1.7:E-BUSINESS VS.E-COMMERCE
While some use e-commerce and e-business interchangeably,they are distinct concepts.
Basically,electronie commerce (EC)is the process of buying,transferring,or exchanging
products,services,and/or information via computer networks,including the [Link] can
also be benefited from many perspective including business
process,service,learning,
collaborative,[Link] is often confused with e-business.

In e-commerce, information and communications technology (ICT)is used in inter-

business or inter-organizational transactions (transactions between and among
firms/organizations)and in business-to-consumer transactions (transactions between
firms/organizations and
individuals).

In e-business,on the other hand,ICT is used to enhance one's [Link] includes any
process that a business organization(either a for-profit,governmental or non-profit
entity) conducts over a computer-mediated network.

The main distinctions between E-commerce and E-Business are

E-commerce E-Business
Open system [statistics] Closed System
Not secured Secured
Deals more with technology Deals with processes needed to
facilitate e-commerce
Does not involve the use of EDI Used EDI
Always operate on Internet Always operates on intranet
Involves all types of commerce transaction Involves explicitly business transactions
Used for small and bulky transaction Used for bulky transaction
Focused on Business to consumer activities Focused more on business to
business activities
e-commerce is an extension of a e-business is an online business only
traditional business model

14
 1.8:MODELS/TYPES OF
ECOMMERCE
Business to Business [B2B]
B2B(business-to-business )is a kind of e-commerce,which refers to a company selling or

buying from other [Link] company communicates with other companies through
electronic [Link] of these transacticns include sending and receiving orders,invoice
and shopping [Link] was an attractive alternative to the current process of printing,mailing
Business Organization
various business documents.
Supplies
Order
1Processing

Orders
Wholesaler
Website
Sells

Customer

B2C Model
Business-to Consumer [B2C]e-commerce consists of the sale of products or services from a
business to the general [Link] can be anything from clothing to flowers and the
products can also be intangible products such as online banking,stock trading,and airline
[Link] that use B2C business model can increase their benefits by
eliminating the [Link] is called disintermediation because businesses sell
products directly to
consumers without using traditional retail [Link] -to Consumer [B2C]is
basically a concept of online marketing and distributing of products and services over the

internet

15
 Business Organization

Supplies
Order
1Processing

Orders
Customer Website

C2C Business Models:

A website following the C2C business model helps consumers to sell their assets
like residential property,cars,motorcycles,etc.,or rent a room by publishing their
information on the [Link] may or may not charge the consumer for its
[Link] consumer may opt to buy the product of the first customer by viewing
the post/advertisement on the
Places advertisement
[Link]:[Link]

Website
Want to sell products

Want to buy products

receives products

Customer 1 Customer 2
Receives money

16
Consumer-to-Business E-commerce (C2B)

In this model,a consumer approaches a website showing multiple business organizations

for a particular [Link] consumer places an estimate of amount he/she wants to
spend for a particular [Link] example,the comparison of interest rates of personal
loan/car loan provided by various banks via websites.A business organization who
fulfills the consumer's
requirement within the specified budget,approaches the customer and provides its
services.

Website
Places money for particular service
Processes Order
receives products

Business Organization
Receives money

Customer

Business -to -Government

B2G model is a variant of B2B [Link] websites are used by governments to

trade and exchange information with various business [Link] websites
are accredited by the government and provide a medium to businesses to submit
application forms to the
government.
Business Organization Website Government

17
Government -to -Business
Governments use B2G model websites to approach business [Link] websites

support auctions,tenders,and application submission functionalities.

Government Website Business Organization

Government -to -Citizen

Governments use G2C model websites to approach citizen in [Link] websites
support auctions of vehicles,machinery,or any other [Link] website also provides
services like registration for birth,marriage or death [Link] main objective of G2C
websites
is to reduce the average time for fulfilling citizen's requests for various government services.

Government
Websi Citizen

18
 1.9:The Future of Ecommerce
By 2022,ecommerce revenue in the [Link] is expected to reach $479 billion,with the
toys,hobby and DIY vertical seeing the largest [Link] it's no passing trend,either.

t's also interesting to note that looking ahead,ecommerce expert Gary Hoover's
data projects that ecommerce retail sales will eventually even out with that of brick and
mortar. This means that even though the online sales trend will continue to grow,there's
plenty of business to go [Link] that's not all.

Soon,most ecommerce interactions will be an omni-channel experience for shoppers.

This means they'll expect to be able to research,browse,shop,and purchase

seamlessly between different devices and on different platforms(like a standalone
web store,an Amazon presence,etc.).

Other trends to watch for in the future of ecommerce include:

· Robust customer journeys and personalization.

· Artificial intelligence-enabled shopping.

· Digital currencies.

Overall,we have to remember that ecommerce is still fairly new in the big picture of retail.
The future holds endless opportunity,but its success and continuation will depend largely
on buyers'preferences in the future.

Conclusion
We've looked at all corners of ecommerce,including its different types,the history,how
it's grown over the years,and its impact on consumers and how business is conducted.

There are certainly advantages and disadvantages to ecommerce,but the future has
many opportunities for even greater expansion.

19
 1.11:LITRETURE REVIEW:
As we all know,internet and e-commerce are entirely committed towards
every developed [Link] we think it can be accomplished and can make a
remarkable
benefit to developing countries also if an ideal business purpose can be made.
The following were the major efforts at research in the subject,which have been referred
for the research purpose
(A) Ohidujja man [Link] clearly discussed that E-commerce is a revolution &turning
point in online business practices and can make a huge contribution to the
economy.

(B) Hasan [Link] also indicated that currently,e-commerce organizations have

increasingly become a fundamental component of business strategy and a
strong
catalyst for economic development.

(C) Mehrdad Salehi [Link] found out distinguish between online marketing
& traditional [Link] most of the people of Bangladesh especially
the rural people are not enough capable of operating internet to run the
online
[Link] that reason,they need to be dependent on traditional marketing.

(D) OTHERS: A huge amount of research works has been done on e-

Commerce which is basically on online shopping.A large group of researchers
has found out and also pointed out the necessity and possibilities of Online
[Link] the other hand,limitation of ecommerce is found and at the same
time,they provided essential suggestion and came to a prediction to make
Online Shopping more useful for the [Link] the contribution of
traditional marketing is also
inescapable but compare to online shopping it is less effective we think.

20
 1.12:RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology is a systematic way of studying the research [Link]
research methodology means the way in which we can complete our prospected task.
Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for an yone to determine the
problem of study.I have adopted the following procedure in completing my report study.
[Link] Problem.
[Link] Design.
[Link] the data sources.
[Link] used for analysis of data
[Link] the Data.
[Link] of the data.
[Link] research report.

(1)Research Problem
l am interested in E-Commerce sectors and I want to make future in [Link],I have decided
to make my research study on the E-COMMERCE.

E-COMMERCE is very important these [Link] my training is at a corporate,I have got

the project upon "E-COMMERCE".This is my problem to be studied.

The study is being conducted for Online Shopping in Kankurgachi Area of Kolkata City
only, to find out the customer preferences in choosing [Link] is required to find
out the preferences based on certain aspects(Income,levels selection of
products,satisfaction level of customers).

(2)Research Design
The type of design being used for making this project is Meta-Analysis [Link]-
analysis is an analytical methodology designed to systematically evaluate and
summarize the results from a number of individual studies,thereby,increasing the
overall sample
size and the ability of the researcher to study effects of interest.

21
(3)Determining the data sources
Both primary and secondary data are required in this [Link] data is the first
hand information collected directly from [Link] tool used here is
questionnaire. Primary Data is collected through surveys conducted among existing
executives and employees working in todays E-commerce Environment,including
some top level
executives from some of the big E-Commerce company.

(4)Tools used for analysis of data

The survey process involved two phases:First phase included identification and
selection of the target audience to be studied and to determine the parameters
on which respondents will justify their preferences.A questionnaire was designed to
collect the needed information from the [Link] Second Phase involves
collection of the
primary data by making the respondents fill up questionnaires.

(5)Analyzing the Data

The Primary or secondary data both would never be useful until they are edited
and studied or [Link] the person receives the data many unuseful data would
also be [Link],I analysed the data and edited it and turned it in the useful
[Link],that it
can become useful in my report srudy.

(6)Interpretation of the data

With the use of analysed data I managed to prepare my project [Link] an alalysing
of the data would not help my study to reach towards its [Link] interpretation of
the data is required so that the others can understand the Crux of the study in more
simple way without any [Link] I have added the chapter of analysis that would
explain
others to understand my study in simpler way.

Preparing research report.

This is the last step in preparing the project [Link] objective of the report writing was
to report the findings of the study to the concerned authorities.I have attached all
the
requirements with my report.
22
 CHAPTER 2:
L &INTERN
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
/NATIONA ATIONAL
SCENARIO

23
 2.1 OVERVIEW
E-Commerce or Electronics Commerce
Electronic commerce or E-commerce is a platform through which trading of products and
services can be done using the internet.E-commerce businesses are employed in online
shopping websites,fund transfers,stock management systems,data collections and many
[Link] India,e-commerce websites have gained massive success through online
shopping. Other websites which facilitate cab-booking,events-searching and trip-planning for
customers
have also experienced accelerated growth.

Online retail stores

Flipkart,Snapdeal,Jabong,Koovs,Craftsvilla,Limeroad are all online websites which are
headquartered in [Link] prime reason due to which these websites are a success is
because
of the cash on delivery system,which allows customer an easy payment method.

Cab services
The biggest cab service company in India is the Ola [Link] across the country,this
website provides the first ride up to Rs100 free of cost for its [Link] services are
quick and [Link] the success of Ola,local cab and auto services in different cities
have
also begun.

Other startu
Startups like Saavn,Makemytrip,Zomato,nhance are all applications which make the life of
commoners [Link] is an app where one can download and upload songs,makemytrip
helps in planning trips to various places around the world,Zomato searches for good eating
joints around the locality you live in and you can even rate it yourself and nhance is an
application which helps people to prepare themselves for business interviews and exams
by
bringing news related to that field from around the world to one platform.

24
 2.2:NATIONAL SCENATIO
1:FLIPKART
Every Indian living in metro cities has heard the name of [Link] have viewed it,
browsed it and ordered from [Link] initially began as an online [Link] today's
age it is the go to place for the Indian youth to find books on topics ranging from fiction to
sports
to even high end scientific research.
Flipkart will not leave you [Link] now covers a range of products from every area of
[Link] a very short span of time Flipkart has become the answer for everything.
It was the brainchild of Binny and Sachin Bansal;both of whom began with an investment
of 4 lakhs and currently own a company that stands to make an increased profit of $1 billion
by
the end of [Link] story of Flipkart is a stuff of legends.
The candle of Flipkart lit when Binny and Sachin were working in Amazon and thought
of investing in their own [Link] growth and success has been an inspiration for
many
other start-ups that quickly lined up to enter the world of e-commerce.

[Link]
Snapdeal began its journey in the year 2007 as an online coupon [Link] time it shifted
its course and tried its hand at [Link] the rest they say is [Link] Bahl
and Rohit Bansal were both tired of the boring day to day existence that they lead as
company
[Link] shifted their focus towards creating something of their own.

Today,they believe that leaving their jobs was the best decision of their [Link] have a
customer base of over 20 million Indians and do business with over 50,000 sellers
who
constantly post their products on their marketplace.
The story of Snapdeal is not a one day success [Link] their four year experience,they
have gambled with 6 different business models until they finally hit the jackpot that is
currently set
to generate annual revenue of $1 billion.
Snapdeal was a better business model unlike other Groupon clones in India because
Snapdeal entered the internet with the backing of 50,000 merchants with whom they
were already working before they created their [Link],when Snapdeal came to
India,it came
with a level of variety that none of its competitors could wish to reach.
Snapdeal is right neck to neck with Flipkart in terms of e-commerce competition,it is hard to
decide which store will reach the finish line first.

25
[Link]
Jabong is currently India's most sought for branded clothing and accessories [Link]
Flipkart and Snapdeal,the business model of Jabong was slightly [Link] aims at
capturing the brand conscious internet savvy population of India and has successfully done so.
Jabong is currently the premium destination for Indians to look for branded [Link] began
pretty late in the year 2012,when its competitors had already set up a strong foothold in
the
[Link] were different from other e-commerce stores because of their streamlined delivery
process.
Although,Jabong is half the age of its competitors,it is estimated to yield a profit of over
$700 million.
While,Flipkart was the first in the e-commerce market to create a clutter free interface
that became an instant favorite,Jabong grabbed a hold of their attention with its unending
catalog. No matter what your age,Jabong has everything for [Link] aggressive
marketing strategies made them hit a huge online client base,all of whom responded
with equal [Link]'s super fast delivery process has helped in making a space for
this website
on the e-commerce red carpet.

[Link]
When it came to size,Myntra was a pretty small fish in a sea full of e-commerce sharks like
Jabong and [Link],Myntra was a persistent fish [Link] Bansal is the
mastermind behind [Link] is an exceptionally smart and honest [Link] a
personalized gifing store to one of the leading online fashion stores,Myntra is always
beating heads with Jabong

Its acquisition by Flipkart is a high remark for this ambitious [Link] innovative step up
in selling sports merchandise and many other small moves separated Myntra from other
low scale e-commerce stores that are still little fishes while Myntra has only grown bigger
with
time.
Mukesh Bansal's long term vision and his eye for the right investors helped him scale Myntra
and make it a nationally recognized brand in a span of three [Link] much so,that
Flipkart came out of its way to woo Myntra and acquire it for its own;a great story for
Mukesh Bansal
to tell his kids.

26
[Link]
Many may be shocked to see how Firstcry made this [Link] is a website that has a niche
marketing base of infants and new born mothers this is a website that has an answer to
everything.
From cradles to infant clothes,they have just about [Link] is a one stop spot to get
the complete parenting [Link] gained its popularity from [Link] over 10,000
likes it is surely a well loved websites that has regular sales and offers everything from
high end to
even affordable products.
Founded in the year 2010 by Maheshwari and Amitava Saha,Firstcry has over
70,000 products and is a marketplace for over 400+national and international [Link]
it comes
to niche shopping stores,Firstery has really made a name for itself.

This website is currently competing with the likes of other e-commerce websites like
[Link] it is only a matter of time before it beats its competition and makes itself the
go
to place for pregnancy and maternal care products.

6.0la
Every Indian living in metropolitan cities has heard the name 'Ola'.Or,probably have
booked a cab from [Link] started as an online cab aggregator,Ola is one of the fastest
growing businesses in India that has expanded itself to numerous ranges [Link] rentals,Ola
auto,Ola café,and now even 'Trip with Ola'.In a short span of time,Ola has become the
answer to
every ride
Ola was the brainchild of a 29-year-old,IIT Bombay Graduate, Bhavish Aggarwal, who once
happened to rent a car and deal with a bad experience,where the car driver stopped in
the middle road to re-negotiate the [Link],when Bhavish refused to agree,the driver
proceeded to abandon him en route to his [Link]!The entrepreneur-head,instead
of whining about the situation,decided to solve it well,and at large!Currently,the company's
valuation is
$3.5 Billion.
27
[Link] My Trip
Make My trip or MMT is a child of the quintessential brain of Deep Kalra, an IIM
graduate, who quit his corporate job to enhance a good travel [Link] a part of
an average Indian family,Deep was surely aware of the hassle that travel includes,in
[Link] once, while travelling with his wife,he had to stand a poor [Link]
the same time,he was also observing the power of the internet expanding day-by-day
&things changing around [Link] understood the needs of India travellers and provided
them with exactly 'what they
want'by wearing the customer's hat.
In 2000,with a backing of USD 2-Million from eVentures,MMT(earlier known as India
Ahoy)the ecommerce startups was [Link] then,getting listed on the International
Stock Exchange and with more than $900 million caps at NASDAQ,MMT has been a game
changer
in the travel segment.

[Link]
Two words that come while shopping to almost every Indian mind are “Paytm karo.”
Launched in 2010 by Vijay Shekhar Sharma,a graduate from Delhi College of Engineering
Paytm has brought a paradigm shift in the retail industry by completely transforming the
payment methodology [Link] was a dream dreamt when Vijay was struggling
to make ends meet with 10 rupees in the [Link] struggling with his hand in
English,he
quit his first job at an MNC,began a new business but was unfortunately conned off.

The 'eureka'moment came in 2011 when he first pitched the ecommerce startups idea
of entering the payment ecosystem in front of his board of One97(the parent company
of Paytm).Initially started as an online mobile recharge and bill payment platform,it
now enables to make every kind of transaction on a click of a [Link] just a span of 8
years,
Paytm has notched up 250 million registered users and 7 million transactions daily.

28
 2.3:INTERNATIONAL SCENATIO
[Link],Inc.-The King of eCommerce
Not suprisingly,we start the list of the largest eCommerce companies in the world with
Amazon and its empire.
Founded in 1994 in Seattle by now immortal Jeff Bezos,Amazon has in the years since
become a household name when it comes to online [Link] internet company
today has the largest revenue in the world, but its beginnings were [Link] was
initially not more than an online bookstore. Take a look at this interview with Jeff Bezos
from 1999 and
see how unpredictable things were back then.

[Link] -Chinese eCommerce

Many of us living in a western world didn't even heard of this eCommerce giant!The
second on our list of the largest eCommerce companies in the world is Jingdong,also
known as
[Link],
This e-Commerce company operating from Beijing is the first of three major Chinese
companies we list [Link] by the more popular Alibaba,Jingdong has well over quarter
of a billion registered users as of [Link] was founded in 1998 and started trading online six
years [Link],the company brandishes its high tech delivery system,comprised of
robots,
AI,and a fleet of drones.

[Link] Group Holding Ltd.-Chinese eCommerce Dragon

If you are buying stuff on the Internet,there's a significant chance that you bought
something from AliExpress or [Link] Chinese mega company comes third on the list
of the largest
e-Commerce companies in the world!

Few people haven't heard of Jack Ma's success [Link] Chinese business magnate's life is
a riches-to-rags [Link] been rejected from more than 30 job posts in the early 1990s,he
started making websites for companies with his wife and a [Link] business grew
exponentially and in the year 1999,Alibaba Group was founded,the world's largest retailer
of
present-day,operating in more than 200 countries.
29
[Link] Inc.-The eCommerce Company That Once Sold a Whole Town
The eBay's beloved red-blue-green-yellow logo is for many a symbol of the 1990s and for
a good [Link] was one of the first successful dot-com bubble companies that
epitomized online [Link] company was founded in San Hose,California in 1995
and its most distinctive feature is the online auction feature,alongside a conventional buy-it-
now shopping option.
With the revenue of almost $11B in 2018,eBay comes fourth on the list of the largest e-
Commerce companies in the world.

[Link]-E-Commerce that Connects Users with Local Businesses

This American eCommerce marketplace launched in Chicago in 2008 reshaped the
concept of group discount online [Link] connects its subscribers to local businesses in
one of 500 cities [Link] principle is simple:users get a discount and business
owners increase the revenue;it's a win-win situation.

[Link] -Largest European eCommerce Company

Surprisingly enough,this the first European company on the list of the largest e-
Commerce companies in the world.
Zalando's headquarters are in Berlin and they predominantly have online stores that sell
fashion items,such as apparel and [Link] logo resembles an orange guitar pick.

[Link],Inc.-lapanese eCommerce Godzilla

After a brief spell of American companies,we return to the Far [Link]
is a Japanese eCommerce company launched in [Link] operate Japan's largest
online bank, in addition to online shopping and credit card [Link] all, Rakuten
Group runs some 70 businesses,ranging from widely used instant messaging app Viber (as
2017 officially
known as Rakuten Viber)to having their logo on FC Barcelona's jerseys.

30
СНАРТВР З«

DAT FINDIN &

A
G
ANALYSI
S

31
 Figure l:
DATA FINDING AND ANALYSIS
Total worldwide ecommerce
[Link] World-wide E-commerce
sales in trillions of [Link]

4.5
3.3
2.8
2.3
.5
1.3

201 201 201 201 201 201 202 202

4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

Source:[Link]

Figure 1:Data Finding&Analysis

Even with limited capital,it's easy to set up a business nowadays thanks to
ecommerce [Link] consumers increasingly relying on online shopping —it is
estimated that 95 % of purchases will be made online by 2040 —ecommerce is opening the
doors of opportunity
to countless entrepreneurs.

And,those ecommerce sales opportunities are rapidly [Link] 2017,ecommerce

was responsible for $2.3 trillion in sales,which is expected to nearly double to $4.5
trillion by [Link] the [Link],online shopping already accounts for 10%of retail
sales and is
expected to grow at a year-on-year rate of 15%.

32
[Link] E-commerce u and Poised for Further Growth
Figure 2:

Mobile E-Commerce is up and Poised for Further Growth

Estimated mobile e-commerce sales worldwide

Moblle as share of total e-commerce

52.4% 58.9% 63.5% 67.2% 70.4% 72.9%

Total mobile e-commerce sales(in trillion [Link])

3.56
2.91
2.32
1.80
1.36
0.97

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Includes products or services purchased via mobile devices
(including tablets)regardless of the method of payment or fulfilment;
excludes travel and event tickets
① = As of January 2018
@StatistaCharts Source:eMarketer statista
Source:Statista

Figure2:Data Finding
Worldwide,e-commerce growth is primarily being driven by consumers using their mobile
devices,phones and tablets,to acquire goods and [Link] to eMarketer estimates,
retail e-commerce sales reached $2.3 trillion in 2017,a 23.2 percent increase over
the previous [Link] mobile share of this stood at 58.9 percent,or $1.4 [Link]
2021,mobile e-commerce could rake in some S3.5 trillion and then make up almost three
quarters (72.9
percent)of e-commerce sales.

33
3.E-commerce Market Share:
Figure 3:

TOP COUNTRIES FOR TOP COUNTRIES

FASHION-RELATED
PRODUCTS
BEAUTY & PERSONAL
KOREA FOR
CHINA CONSUMABLE
INDIA
SOUTH 77% 76% 68%
SOUTH KOREA
68% 67%
GERMANY
GERMANY CHINA
POLAND
INDIA UNITED
NON-FOOD HOUSEHOLD CARE
KINGDOM GROCERIES
KOREA 65%
KINGDOM BOOKS/MUSIC/ STATIONERY 52%
UNITED 48%
FRANCE 47%
47%
UNITED
JAPAN 79% 75% SOUTH
72% 66% 64% 64%
Source:
GERMANY SOUTH CHINA
KOREA UNITED
KINGDOM
JAPAN
INDIA
STATES
52%
45%
37%
33%
25%

Figure 3:Data Finding&Analysis

Though the United States is often thought of as the largest market for ecommerce,it
isn't. However,it does make the list of the top 10 largest ecommerce markets in
the world
· China:$672 billion
· USA:S340 billion
·United Kingdom:$99 billion
· Japan:$79 billion

·Germany:$73 billion
· France:$43 billion
· South Korea:S37 billion
· Canada:$30 billion
● Russia:$20 billion
· Brazil:$19 billion

34
[Link] Methods:
Figure 4:

Top three payment methods used by online shoppers

Credit card Digital payment system Debit card

Direct debit Cash on delivery Store gift card

Credit card Digital payment system Debit card

Direct debit Cash on delivery Store gift card

Figure 3:Data Finding &Analysis

Payment method aside,more Americans already prefer online shopping than shopping in a
physical store,with 51%percent clicking their way to making purchases.A total of
96%of Americans have made at least one online purchase in their life,with 80%doing so in
the last month [Link],Americans actually spend 64%of their budget in physical
stores and
only 36%online

35
 CHAPTER 4:

CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION

36
 CONCLUSION
The world revolves around the internet today.E-commerce is a great forum for startups to
establish [Link] a country like India,e-commerce plays an important role because it needs
minimal or no investment and all one needs is an idea to begin an online [Link] unemployed
youth of India has a great advantage to make use of through the electronic commerce platform.

E-commerce still represents one of the business methods that take advantage if done the right
way, even if the stock market and commodities fell,but E-Commerce still able to survive and
receive high transaction.E-commerce has a tremendous opportunity in the course of or
business in [Link] addition,it is also to introducing new techniques and styles in a
[Link] the extensive E-Commerce in the Internet world is actually much better to bring
the goodness of the
individual or the state.

E-Commerce has undeniably become an important part of our [Link] su ccessful companies
of the future will be those that take E-Commerce seriously,dedicating sufficient resources to its
development.E-Commerce is not an IT issue but a whole business [Link] that
use it as a reason for completely re-designing their business processes are likely to reap the greatest
[Link],E-Commerce is a helpful technology that gives the consumer access to
business and companies all over the world.

37
 RECOMMENDATION
Recommendations for successful E-Commerce are as follows:

(a)Displaying a list of suggested products based on the visitor's browsing history

(b)Use product recommendation engines to personalize your email campaigns.

(c)Providing access to the shopper's browsing history

(d)Alert viewers of products that have been updated

(e)Personalize recommendations by showing items related to previous purchases

(f)Feature best-selling items for each brand

(g)Generate product bundles (items frequently purchased together)and offer a special

discount for purchasing the group.

(h)Don't limit references to best-selling items to one product or [Link] best-

sellers across entire product categories.

(i)Make sure all recommendations are relevant and [Link] should also be informed
by returns and reviews.

(i)Adjust your recommendations to keep popular products highlighted and to provide

additional viewing opportunities for lower-selling items(20 percent of your items
will provide 80 percent of your sales).

(k)Show highest rated items in product [Link] injecting some social proof
into your product recommendations by displaying items that have the highest customer
reviews.

(1)Know your [Link] more personalization you can add,the better your results.

(m)Provide product recommendations when items added to the cart require accessories
(fishing reels need fishing line,flashlights need batteries,shoes often require socks).

(n)Use product recommendations for moving the buyer up to a more fully-featured version
of the one currently being browsed (upselling).

(o)Use product recommendations to remind the shopper about upcoming holidays or

other special events.

38
CHAPTER 5:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

39
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
[Link] Electronic Commerce:Theory and Cases,by Chris Westland and Ted
Clark, MIT Press,1999.
2.E-Business -Roadmap for Success,by Ravi Kalakota and Marcia
Robinson,Addison- Wesley Publishing Company,Inc,.1999
[Link] Commerce -A Manager's Guide,by Ravi Kalakota and Andrew
B. Whinston,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,Inc.,1997
[Link]

WEBLIOGRAPHY
1. [Link]
[Link](links and search data)
[Link](links and search data)
[Link]
[Link]://[Link]/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions"
6. [Link]
7.

40
CHAPTER 6:

QUESTIONNAIRE

41
 QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Sir/Madam,

Thank you for visiting [Link] filling out this 5-10 minute survey,you will help us obtain the
very best results

1. Gender:
(a)Male
(b)Female

2 .Age group:
(a)<20
(b)20

3. Considering your complete experience with our company,how likely would you be to
recommend us to a friend or colleague?

4. How satisfied did you feel based on your overall experience?

5. On a scale of 1-10,how likely are you to recommend us to your friend or colleague?

6 .Please let us know how we can improve your experience.

Website related:
[Link] did you learn about our website?
(a)TV
(b)Newspaper
(c)Social Media
(d)Search Engine
(e)Recommendation from a friend
(f)Other

8. For whom are your shopping for?

(a)Friend
(b)Parent
(c)Boss
(d)Colleague
(e)Other

42
9 .Please rate the below parameters as compared to our competitors.
(a)Website performance
(b)Product catalog
(c)Product information
(d)Pricing
(e)Shipping options
(f)Payment experience
(g)Online help
(h)Overall

[Link] led you to visit our website?

(a)Researching product information
(b)Interested in buying products
(c)Looking for contact information
(d)Know more about the company
(e)Other

Product reviews and ratings

[Link] a scale of 0-10,how much do you trust the product reviews?

[Link] helpful do you find ratings while making a purchase decision?

[Link] a scale of 0-10,how much does an overall product rating affect your purchase decision?

Post-Purchase eCommerce survey questions

[Link] satisfied are you with the quality of products?

[Link] do you rate the quality of our products as compared to our competitors?

[Link] satisfied are you with the availability of products?

[Link] your preferred product is not available,do you get acknowledged when it is back in stock?

[Link] other products would you like to see in our online store?

43
Online shopping survey questions
[Link] safe did you feel while sharing your card details? □

[Link] was the checkout experience overall?

21. Did you experience a hassle-free payment experience?
[Link] a scale of 0-10,how likely are you to buy from us again?

Shipping
[Link] you receive your product within the expected timeline?
[Link] you like to enroll in paid services to get products earlier?

[Link] you receive your product at the shipping address?

[Link] you receive your bill at the billing address?
[Link] easily could you update your address details?
[Link] rate your experience with the delivery personnel.

Customer support
29.0n a scale of 1-10,how was your experience with the customer support executive?

[Link] the customer executive solve your query?

31. How helpful was the customer support staff?

Branding and Marketing

[Link] you like to share your contact details to learn more about our discounts and sale?

[Link] you like to know more about our membership benefits?

[Link] you like to enroll in a paid membership to avail priority services?

Feedback on vendors
[Link] satisfied are you with the vendor options we offer?
36. How satisfied are you with the quality of products from this vendor?

[Link] helpful are the vendor details we offer?

[Link] more information would you want about the vendor?

44