Electrical Code of

the Philippines
To protect the people and property
Today’s Focus
Electrical Materials and Its Uses
Sizing of Conductor Wires
Overcurrent Protective Devices
Electrical Layouts
General Requirements
for Electric Circuits in
Building: Services
Different types

Overhead Service-Drop Conductor

Underground Service-Lateral
Conductor
 Overhead Service-Drop
Conductor

This is the overhead service conductor from the last pole or other aerial
support to and including the splices if any, connecting the service
entrance conductors at the building or other structure.

Rating: Service drop shall have

sufficient ampacity to carry the load Minimum Size:
without a temperature rise detrimental Copper - 8 mm^2
to the covering or insulation of the Copper-clad Aluminum -
conductors and shall have adequate 14mm^2
mechanical strength.
 Clearances
a.) Above roof clearance: Vertical clearance not less than 2500 mm
from the roof surface
b.) Vertical clearance from ground:
3100mm - at electric service entrance or above areas or
sidewalks
3700mm - for areas classified as 4,600 mm when the voltage is
restricted to 600 volts to earth.
4600mm - over residential property and driveways
5500mm - over public streets, alleys, roads, parking areas
subject to truck traffic
Overhead Service-Drop Conductor
 Underground Service-Lateral
Conductor
This is the underground service conductor between the street main, including
any risers at a pole or other structure or from transformers, and the first point
of any connection to the service-entrance conductors in a terminal box or
meter or other enclosure with adequate space, inside or outside the building
wall.

Rating:
Service lateral conductors shall have Minimum Size:
sufficient ampacity to carry the Copper - 5.5 mm^2
current for the load and shall have Copper-clad Aluminum -
adequate mechanical strength. 8mm^2
 INSULATION
EXCEPTIONS
Service-lateral
conductor shall
Bare copper used in a raceway.
withstand Bare copper for direct burial where bare copper is
exposure to judged to be suitable for the soil conditions.
atmospheric and Bare copper for direct burial without regard to soil
conditions where part of cable assembly identified
other conditions
for underground use.
of use without Aluminum or copper-clad aluminum without
detrimental insulation or covering where part of a cable
leakage of assembly identified for underground use in a
raceway or for direct burial.
current.
Underground Service-Lateral Conductor
 ...

Explain what happens in an electric circuit.

Electrical Materials

SWITCH

A switch is a component that controls

the flow of electric current within a
circuit, enabling connections and
disconnections. Switches are
commonly categorized as either flush-
mounted or surface-mounted types.
Electrical Materials

FUSE

A circuit protective device

automatically interrupts
current flow when an
overload or short circuit
occurs.
Electrical Materials

CIRCUIT BREAKER

A protective device
designed to automatically
interrupt the current flow in
case of circuit issues like
short circuits or overloads.
Electrical Materials

MALE PLUG

A plug is a device designed to

connect to a power outlet to
facilitate the flow of electric
current. It typically features a
flat cord affixed at one end,
while the other end is linked to
an electrical appliance or
device.
Electrical Materials

CONVENIENCE
OUTLET
An electrical outlet serves as a
convenient power source for
various appliances. Typically
affixed to a wall or integrated
into an extension cord, it
accommodates the male plug
of an appliance to provide
electrical energy for operation.
Electrical Materials

ELECTRICAL WIRE

A conductor, commonly made

of copper or aluminum,
facilitates the transmission of
electrical current between two
points.
Electrical Materials

TYPES OF
ELECTRICAL WIRE

Stranded wire consists of

multiple strands merged to form
a single wire.
Solid wire on the other hand, is
crafted from a singular strand
of copper or aluminum and
finds application in both indoor
and outdoor wiring installations
within buildings.
Electrical Materials

UTILITY BOX

A rectangular shaped metallic

or plastic (PVC) material in
which flush type convenience
outlet and switch are attached
Electrical Materials

JUNCTION BOX

An octagonal shaped
electrical material where the
connections or joints of wires
are being done.
Electrical Materials

FLAT CORD

A duplex stranded wire is used

for temporary wiring
installations and is frequently
utilized in the assembly of
extension cords.
Electrical Materials

ELECTRICAL TAPE

Is a type of pressure-sensitive
tape used to insulate electrical
wires and other materials that
conduct electricity
INSTALLATION
PROCEDURE
 Installation Procedure of
Electrical Materials
A comprehensive guide to the installation procedure of electrical
materials, emphasizing safety, precision, and compliance with
regulations. It outlines the pre-installation preparation, detailed
installation steps, post-installation procedures, and highlights the
importance of adherence to safety protocols throughout the
process.
 Safety: Proper installation reduces risks of
electric shock, fires, and hazards.
Reliability: Meticulous installation leads to
more dependable performance over time.
Functionality: Well-installed systems ensure
efficient electricity distribution and utilization.
Compliance: Adherence to regulations avoids
legal issues and ensures permits and
certifications.
Longevity: Correct installation techniques
contribute to longer lifespans and fewer
IMPORTANCE OF
repairs.
INSTALLATION Energy Efficiency: Properly installed systems
PROCEDURE optimize energy use and lower costs.
Cost Efficiency: Investing in quality installation
upfront prevents future expenses and
liabilities.
Standard Mounted Height of
Outlets
 Dwelling Units-All habitable rooms, kitchens,
bathrooms, hallways, stairways, garages,
garage entrances, and similar areas
• At least one lighting outlet controlled by a wall
switch.
• The stairways with six or more risers must have a
Standard wall switch on each floor level.
Mounted Guest Rooms and Guest Suite
• The requirements for lighting outlets in the habitable
Height of room are similar to the criteria in dwelling units.
All Occupancies-Storage and Equipment
Outlets Spaces
• Shall require at least one lighting outlet.
• The lighting outlet must either have a switch or be
controlled by a wall switch.
• The equipment requiring servicing must have a
lighting outlet near it.
Raceways - an enclosed conduit that forms a
physical pathway for electrical wiring.

Feeders - a conductor that connects the

sub-station (or localized generating
station) to the area where power will be
distributed.

Insulators - do not allow easy flow of electric

current. It prevents the conduction of
electricity and protects against unwanted
electrical charges.
 Mechanical & Electrical Continuity –
Conductors
- Conductors within raceways should be
uninterrupted between outlets, boxes, and
devices, with no splices or taps unless
explicitly allowed. In multiwire branch circuits,
the presence or absence of devices should
not affect the continuity of the grounded
conductor, ensuring consistent operation and
safety even when devices are changed.
Length of Free Conductors at
Outlets, Junction, and Switch Points
Methods of - Allow at least 150 mm of unobstructed
conductor length from the entry point in the
Installing box to where it joins the raceway or cable
sheath at outlets, junctions, and switch points
when making splices.
Conductors
 Requirements for over 600 Volts,
Nominal Conductor Bending Radius

Non-Shielded Conductors - The bending

radius shall not exceed 8 times the overall
diameter.
Shielded or Lead Covered Conductor - The
bending radius shall be 12 times the overall
diameter.
Multiconductor or Multiplexed Conductor
Methods of - 12x the diameter of the individual
conductor or 7x the overall diameter,
Installing whichever is greater.

Conductors
 Conductors for General Wiring

Stranded Conductors - Conductors with a

size of 8.0 mm² or larger, when installed in
raceways, must be made of stranded wire.
Conductors in parallel - Conductors sized
at 50 mm² (aluminum, copper-clad
aluminum, or copper) can be arranged in
parallel. Parallel conductors within each
phase, polarity, and neutral/grounded circuit
conductors must adhere to the following
regulations:
-Be the same length
Methods of -Have the same conductor material
-Be the same cross-sectional area of the
Installing conducting material
-Have the same insulation type
Conductors -Be terminated in the same manner
 Shielded

- Solid dielectric insulated

conductors rated for 2000 Volts
in permanent installations should
feature ozone-resistant insulation
and must be shielded.
Methods of
Installing
Conductors
 Markings
- All conductors and cables should be marked with the
following:
-The maximum rated voltage Proper type of letter/letters
-The manufacturer’s name, trademark, or distinctive marking
of the manufacturer
- Size in mm² or mm diameter
- Cable assemblies where the neutral conductor is smaller
than the ungrounded conductors
 Method of Markings

Surface marking - The size in mm² or mm diameter shall be repeated at

intervals not exceeding 600 mm. All other markings shall be repeated at
intervals not exceeding 1000 mm.
-Single-conductor & Multiconductor rubber and thermoplastic insulated
wire
-Non-metallic sheathed cable Service entrance cable
-Underground feeder and branch-circuit cable
-Tray cable Irrigation cable
-Power-limited tray cable
-Instrumentation tray cable
 Method of Markings

Marker Tape - Metal-covered multiconductor cables shall employ a marker

tape
Tag Marking - A printed tag shall be attached to the coil, reel, or carton for
the following:
-Mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed cable
-Switchboard wires
-Metal-covered, single conductor cables
-Type AC cable
 Suffixes to Designate Number
of Conductors

A type letter to indicate the number of conductors.

D - Two insulated conductors lay parallel with a non-metallic

covering
M - Assembly of two or more insulated conductors, twisted spirally
with non-metallic covering.
 Installation of Cabinets, Cutout
Boxes, and Meter Socket
Enclosures
Damp Locations - Enclosures installed in damp locations shall prevent moisture
from entering and shall be placed with at least 6mm airspace from the wall or of a
supporting surface.
Wet Locations - Enclosures installed in wet locations shall be waterproof and
shall be placed with at least 6mm airspace from the wall or of a supporting
surface.
Position in Wall - Enclosures shall be installed in walls of concrete, tile, or other
noncombustible material. Cabinets shall be installed so that the front edge is not
set back of the finished surface for more than 6 mm.
 Enclosure for Switches or
Overcurrent Devices
Shall not be used as junction boxes, auxiliary gutters, or raceways for
feeder conductors unless adequate space is provided for this
purpose.
The conductors shall not fill the wiring space at any cross section to
more than 40%.
Taps shall not fill the wiring space at any cross section to more than
75 %.
 Strength - The materials must possess
sufficient strength and rigidity to uphold the
electrical components. If made of sheet steel,
the metal thickness must be 1.35 mm without
any coating.
Enclosure for Spacing - Spacing shall be sufficient to provide
ample room to distribute wires and cables.
Switches or
Base - Ensure there's a gap of at least 1.6 mm
Overcurrent between the device's base and any cabinet wall.
Devices Doors - Maintain a minimum airspace of 25 mm
between live metal components.
Live Parts - Provide a gap of at least 13 mm
between the walls, the back, and the gutter
partition. Increase this spacing to 25 mm for
nominal voltages ranging from 251 to 600.
Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes:
Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole
Enclosures

Round boxes should not be employed in situations where conduits necessitate

the use of locknuts or bushings on the box's side.

Non-metallic boxes are only allowed for specific applications, including open
wiring on insulators, concealed knob-and-tube wiring, cabled wiring methods
with entirely nonmetallic sheaths, flexible cords, and non-metallic raceways.
 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes:
Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole
Enclosures

a) Surface Mounting -Enclosures mounted on surfaces must be securely and firmly

attached in place.
b) Structural Mounting -They must be rigidly supported by directly utilizing a metal,
polymeric, or wooden brace.
1. Nails and Screws: They should be positioned at least 6 mm from the back or ends of the
enclosure.
2. Braces: Metal Braces - Must be protected against corrosion and have a thickness of not
less than 0.50 mm when uncoated., Wood Braces - Should have a cross-section of no
less than 25 mm x 50 mm., Polymeric Braces - Must be identified as suitable for use.
 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes:
Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole
Enclosures

c) Mounting in Finished Surfaces - Enclosures must be supported by clamps, anchors, or

fittings when mounted on finished surfaces.
d) Suspended Ceilings - Enclosures within suspended ceilings must not exceed 1650 cm³
in size and should be securely fastened. They must be attached to framing members using
bolts, screws, or rivets.
e) Enclosures within Concrete or Masonry - must be shielded against corrosion and firmly
embedded for security.
f) Pendant Boxes - They can be supported by either flexible cords or conduits with a length
of 450 mm.
 Outlet Boxes

a) Depth of Outlet Boxes:

Internal depth must not be less than 13 mm.
Boxes enclosing flush devices should have an internal depth of at least 24 mm.
b) Maximum Luminaire (Fixture) Weight:
Outlet boxes are allowed to support fixtures weighing up to 23 kg. Fixtures
weighing more than 23 kg must be supported independently.
c) Boxes at Ceiling-Suspended (Paddle) Fan Outlets:
Outlet boxes serving as the sole support for a ceiling-suspended fan must be
listed.
Outlets should not support more than 32 kg.
Outlets designed to support fans weighing 16 kg or more must be marked with
the maximum weight they can support.
 Pull and Junction Boxes

1. Straight Pulls - The length of the box should be at least 8

times the size of the largest raceway.
2. Angle or U Pulls - The distance between each raceway entry
inside the box and the opposite wall of the box should be no
less than 6 times the size of the largest raceway in a row.
 OTHER APPROVED WIRING METHODS
APPROVED BY THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL
CODE
STRUT-TYPE CHANNEL RACEWAY - This is a metallic raceway that
is either surface-mounted or suspended from a structure. It comes
with accessories for installing electrical conductors and cables.

SURFACE RACEWAYS (METAL AND NON-METAL) - These

raceways are designed to be mounted on the surface of a structure.
They come with couplings, connectors, boxes, and fittings for
installing electrical conductors.

MESSENGER-SUPPORTED WIRING - This refers to an exposed

wiring support system that utilizes a messenger wire to support
insulated conductors.
 The installation of electrical
conductors, cables, and related
equipment for the safe
transmission of electricity is
Wiring & referred to as wiring in
Philippine electrical codes.
Protection includes
Protection countermeasures against
electrical risks like overloads
and short circuits, such as
grounding, fuses, and circuit
breakers.
Different kinds of Wires
Non-Metallic Cable
Non-metallic cable, also known as NM cable or
Romex, is a type of electrical cable constructed of
thermoplastic insulation and sheathing materials,
typically used for residential and commercial
wiring applications. It's commonly employed for
branch circuit wiring in buildings, offering flexibility,
ease of installation, and cost-effectiveness
compared to metallic cables.
Different kinds of Wires
Armored Cable
Armored cable, also known as armored electrical
cable or AC cable, is a type of electrical cable with
a protective metal armor layer surrounding the
insulated conductors. This armor provides
mechanical protection against damage, making it
suitable for use in exposed or hazardous
environments where additional protection is
necessary, such as in industrial settings or
outdoor installations.
Different kinds of Wires
Underground Feeder Cables
Underground feeder cables (UF cables) are
specialized electrical cables designed for
underground installations, featuring a moisture-
resistant construction and insulation to withstand the
harsh conditions of buried environments. They are
commonly used for outdoor lighting, residential
outdoor wiring, and other applications where direct
burial is required, offering durability and protection
against moisture and corrosion.
Different kinds of Wires
Bare Copper Wire
Bare copper wire refers to a type of electrical
conductor without any insulation or sheathing,
consisting solely of solid or stranded copper. It is
commonly used in grounding applications, electrical
bonding, and in situations where insulation is not
required, such as overhead power transmission lines
or in certain types of electrical connections where
direct contact with other conductors is necessary.
 Identifying Wires

Hot wires carry electrical current from the power source to devices and appliances,
providing the necessary power for their operation.

Ground wires, often colored green or bare, serve to safely conduct electrical faults
to the earth in order to prevent electrical shocks and minimize the risk of fire in
electrical systems.

Neutral wires, typically colored white or gray, complete the circuit by providing a
return path for current back to the electrical panel from the electrical devices or
appliances, ensuring proper functioning of the electrical system.
 Different Kinds of Wire Diagram
Wiring Diagram
A wiring diagram visually depicts the
layout of electrical connections and
components within a system, illustrating
how wires are routed and connected to
ensure proper functionality. Its function
is to provide a clear understanding of
the wiring configuration, aiding in
installation, troubleshooting, and
maintenance of electrical systems.
Circuit Diagram
A circuit diagram is a graphical
representation of an electrical circuit,
illustrating the connections between
various electrical components such as
resistors, capacitors, inductors, switches,
and sources of electrical energy like
batteries or power supplies. It shows the
paths through which electrical current
flows within the circuit and helps
engineers and technicians understand the
circuit's structure, function, and operation.
 One Line Diagram
A one-line diagram provides a simplified overview of an electrical system using a single
line to represent major components and connections, typically used in power distribution
to show the flow of electricity and relationships between elements in a clear and concise
format.
Pictorial Diagram
A wiring diagram is a visual representation
of electrical connections and components
in a system, illustrating how wires are
routed and connected to devices. Its
function is to provide a clear blueprint for
the installation and maintenance of
electrical systems, facilitating
understanding and troubleshooting.
 Safety Standards upon Installation
1. Compliance with local electrical 5. Avoiding overloading circuits by
codes and regulations to ensure distributing loads evenly and using circuit
safety and legal requirements are met. breakers or fuses of appropriate ratings.

2. Proper insulation of wires to prevent 6. Keeping electrical wiring away from

electrical shocks and fires. water sources to prevent damage and
ensure safety.
3. Correct selection of wire gauge
based on the intended electrical load 7. Using proper connectors and junction
to prevent overheating. boxes to maintain electrical connections
securely.
4. Installation of ground-fault circuit
interrupters (GFCIs) in wet or damp 8. Conducting regular inspections and
locations to protect against electrical maintenance to identify and address any
shocks. potential issues promptly

Following these rules helps to minimize risks and ensure the safe and reliable operation of
electrical systems.
 Protection Overcurrent Protection

Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Device - is a device that,

interrupts currents in its current limiting range, it reduces the current flowing
in the faulted circuit to a magnitude substantially less than obtainable in the
same circuit if the device were replaced with a solid conductor having
comparable impedance.

Tap Conductor - is a conductor, that has overcurrent protection ahead of its

point of supply that exceeds the value permitted for a similar conductors that
are protected
 Overcurrent
Protective Devices Motor Overload
Relays
In an electric power system, over
current or excess current is a
situation where a larger than Fuse
intended electric current exists
through a conductor, leading to
excessive generation of heat, and
Circuit Breakers
the risk of fire or damage to
equipment.
Motor Overload Relays
It consists of two basic parts:
1. A heater element that is connected in series with the
power line to the motor. All current drawn by the
motor must pass through the heater element.
2. A set of normally closed contacts that are connected
in series with the lines feeding the motor. The types of
relays most commonly seen are the bimetallic strip
and the melting-solder pot assembly.
Bimetallic contact in a normally closed position
Bimetallic strip in open position
 Motor Overload Relays
Thermal

commonly used with motor

starting contactors in both
low and medium-voltage
motor circuits, it detects
overcurrent by converting
current to heat through a
resistive element.
 Motor Overload Relays
Magnetic Current

Magnetic current relays,

functioning as solenoids,
can respond to
overcurrent by rising its
metal core to lift and
open contacts.
device comprised of a coil of wire
 Motor Overload Relays
Magnetic Current

These relays are unaffected

by ambient temperature
changes and are suitable for
motors with long starting
times or unusual duty cycles.
It cannot replace thermal
relays.
 Motor Overload Relays
Magnetic Current

If an overload occurs, increased current will flow

through the coil and cause an increase in the
magnetic flux around the coil. When the flux becomes
great enough, the iron plunger is lifted, opening the
contacts. It disconnects the motor from the line.
 Fuse
Thomas Edison, the inventor of
incandescent light bulb, needed a
way to protect the lighting
system on cities. He proposed a
device that can protect short
circuits and overcurrent called a
fuse.
 Fuse

A fuse is a non-adjustable,
direct acting, single-phase
device that responds to both
the magnitude and duration
of current flowing through it.
This device consisting of a tube with a metal alloy inside,
usually lead, heats up until it breaks the connection when
overloaded, preventing short circuits.
 Circuit Breakers
In 1923, Hugo Stotz launched
the first compact device that
combined the functions of
thermal and magnetic
protection on the market.
 Circuit Breakers

He and his team developed a

device that had a component
that, if heated, would contract
and trigger a disconnecting
mechanism, but, when cooled,
could be turned on again.
 Circuit Breakers
A circuit breaker is a device that allows automatic
closing of a circuit in response to overcurrent, and
manual opening afterwards.

Unlike fuses, which melt to break the circuit, circuit

breakers switch off when they experience an overload or
a short circuit. Therefore, circuit breakers are reusable.
Circuit Breakers

It contains two tripping

principles to protect the circuit:
thermal and electromagnetic
protection.
Circuit Breakers

The bimetallic strip heats up

with the current. If the circuit’s
current rises over a certain level,
the strip will bend, moving the
switch linkage, and
consequently the moving
contact, breaking its
connection to the stationary
contact, causing the circuit to
break.
Circuit Breakers

When a current reaches unsafe

levels while traveling through
this coil, the electromagnet
becomes strong enough to
move a small spool inside it,
which will also move the switch
linkage, the moving contact,
therefore breaking the circuit.
 Fuses and circuit breakers are rated
OCPD Ratings for both current and voltage.

Continuous-Current Rating

It represents the maximum amount of current the device will

carry without blowing or tripping open. The current rating must
match the full-load current of the circuit as closely as possible.
For example, undersized fuses blow easily, while oversized fuses
may not provide enough protection.
 Fuses and circuit breakers are rated
OCPD Ratings for both current and voltage.

Voltage Rating

The highest voltage at which it is designed to safely interrupt the

current. Specifically, the voltage rating determines the ability of
the device to suppress the internal arcing that occurs when a
current is opened under overcurrent or short-circuit conditions.
 Fuses and circuit breakers are rated
OCPD Ratings for both current and voltage.

Interrupting-Current Rating

It is the maximum current it can safely interrupt. If a fault

current exceeds a level beyond the interrupting capacity of the
protective device, the device may rupture, causing additional
damage. Typical interrupt ratings are 10,000 A, 50,000 A, and
100,000 A.
 Fuses and circuit breakers are rated
OCPD Ratings for both current and voltage.

Current-Limiting Ability

A measure of how much current the OCPD can let through the
system. Current-limiting protection devices operate within less
than one-half cycle. For example, a current-limiting fuse delivering
a short-circuit current will start to melt within one-fourth cycle of
the AC wave and clear the circuit within a one-half cycle
 Fuses and circuit breakers are rated
OCPD Ratings for both current and voltage.

Time-Current Characteristics

The response time of a protection device which refers to the length

of time it takes for the device to operate under fault current or
overload conditions. Being very sensitive to increased current,
fast-acting fuses are used to protect exceptionally delicate
electronic circuits that have a steady flow of current through them.
EQUIPMENT USAGE
WIRE STRIPPER

Wire strippers are plier-like tools used to

remove the insulating outer sheath from
cables in order to attach terminals or
connectors to the central core via
crimping or soldering. Some strippers
also allow electricians to cut right
through the copper or conduit in a wire or
cable.
INSULATED SCREWDRIVERS

Screwdrivers are one of the most

traditional of tools but are still
indispensable for most electricians who
frequently require access to electrical
containers sealed with screws.

Screwdrivers work through the simple

application of torque – rotational force –
when the head of the screwdriver has
been inserted into the slot on the screw.
INSULATED PLIERS

Pliers are made in various shapes and

sizes and for many uses. Some are used
for gripping something round like a pipe
or rod, some are used for twisting wires,
and others are designed to be used for a
combination of tasks, including cutting
wire.
ELECTRICAL TAPE

Electrical tape is used to insulate wires

or other items that conduct electricity.
Also known as insulation tape or
electrical insulation tape, it is self-
adhesive and pressure-sensitive, built to
resist abrasion, heat and liquids in order
to protect the sensitive conducting core
within electrical wiring.
HACKSAW

Hacksaws are fine-toothed saws

designed primarily for cutting through
metal. The thin blades are held at
tension in an adjustable frame, between
the head of the saw and the pistol grip
handle. These blades can break or
become blunt but are easily replaceable.
CABLE CUTTER

Cable cutters are a staple of every

electrician’s tool kit. These versatile
tools feature steel blades and cut
through standard wiring easily. Stronger
cable shears will make short work of
even thicker cabling. They also provide a
handy way to strip off insulation for
crimping and similar operations quickly.
VOLTAGE TESTER

These are another toolkit standby with a

relatively self-explanatory name.
Voltage indicators, or ‘multimeters’, are
handheld devices used for testing
whether a live current is present in a
particular location. They are primarily
employed for safety purposes when
checking cabling, switches, junction
boxes or similar equipment.
TORCH / FLASHLIGHT

The job of the torch to electricians is a

simple one: they allow work in darkened
areas, for example, a building in which
the lighting has failed or the power is
switched off. Head torches attached to
helmets or hats may be required if both
hands are needed for precise work.
SAFETY KNIFE

Slice blades start at a safe sharpness

and stay there for a very long time. Tests
show that Slice blades last up to 11
times longer than their metal
counterparts. If you are using the
rounded-tip blades, you also don’t need
a sharps box for blade disposal.
MEASURING TAPE

An electrician will need to be able to

accurately measure lengths of wiring
before cutting or stripping.
HEX KEYS

Hex keys take their name from the

hexagonal fasteners and fixings they are
used to adjust. Another common name
is Allen key or Allen wrench. They can be
made from steel, or nickel and
sometimes bronze or copper alloys.
There are four principal types: straight
hex keys, L-shaped ones, folding hex
keys and T-handles.
MICROMETER

A micrometer is a tool that measures the

size of a target by enclosing it. Some
models are even able to perform
measurements in units of 1 μm. Unlike
hand calipers, micrometers adhere to
Abbe’s principle, which enables them to
perform more accurate measurements.
 ELECTRICAL
LAYOUT
Contains the
Made up of electrical interconnection of
Examples are:
symbols which branch circuits,
Lighting Layout and
represents various panelboards, and
Power Layout
electrical devices. nomenclature of
occupancies.
LIGHTING LAYOUT
POWER
LAYOUT
 LOAD CALCULATION
A load calculation establishes the overall amount of electrical
power needed for a facility, building, apartment, or electrical
circuit. It is an essential phase in the design, sizing, and
management of electrical systems that guarantees dependability,
efficiency, and safety.

It ensures that the electrical system is designed to handle the

anticipated load. It also prevents overloading, which can cause
electrical failures or hazards.
 Load Schedule

A load schedule is an organized spreadsheet that helps to determine

how loads are being distributed, as well as provides an idea of how many
circuits are being used per application
Load Schedule Description of Loads identifies each
electrical device or system.

Demand Load is the energy consumed

when all connected systems, circuits,
WITH THE HELP OF YOUR
components, TEACHER
devices or OR CARER, are
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TEST WHETHER YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND DRAWINGS WILL
MAKE THEoperating
BULB LIGHT and
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ACTUAL BATTERIES, SMALL
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time, usually WIRES.
Watts or kW

According to NCE, 100 watts shall be the

maximum load for each household lighting
outlet

For each single receptacle shall be considered

at no less than 180 watts rating
Load Schedule

Voltage is the measureWITH

of THE HELP OF
electric YOUR TEACHER
potential energyORper
CARER,
unit charge, in Volts.
TEST WHETHER YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND DRAWINGS WILL MAKE THE BULB LIGHT USING ACTUAL
Electrical systems areBATTERIES,
designed to operate
A SMALL at standard
LIGHTBULB, voltage levels to ensure
AND WIRES.
compatibility and safety.
Residential: Typically use 120V or 240V.
Commercial Buildings: May use 120V, 208V, or 240V.
Industrial Settings: Often use 480V or higher.
Load Schedule

Current is the flow ofWITH THE HELP

electrical OF YOUR
charge, TEACHER OR
measured inCARER,
amperes (A).
TEST WHETHER YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND DRAWINGS WILL MAKE THE BULB LIGHT USING ACTUAL
BATTERIES, A SMALL LIGHTBULB, AND WIRES.
I = P/V
CV
I = 500 W/230 V 1 W = 1 VA
I = 500 VA/230 V
I = 2.17 A
Load
Schedule

Circuit Breaker Rating

Ampere Trip (AT) is the current level at which the circuit breaker is
designed to trip or disconnect the circuit to protect it from
overcurrent conditions.
WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER OR CARER,
TESTAmpere
WHETHER YOUR(AF)
Frame SUGGESTIONS AND DRAWINGS
is the maximum WILL
current rating MAKE
that the THE BULB
circuit
LIGHT USING
breaker ACTUAL
frame BATTERIES,
can handle A SMALL LIGHTBULB,
and represents the physicalAND
sizeWIRES.
and
CV
thermal capacity of the circuit breaker.

Kiloampere Interrupting Capacity (KAIC) is the maximum short-

1 W = 1 VA
circuit current that the circuit breaker can safely interrupt without
being damaged.
Load Computation
 Electrical Estimate
Prepare and review the specifications, projects, and drawings.
Reviewing specifications, pricing schedules, and any supporting architectural
or mechanical information can help identify potential issues with the project.

Examine the plans.

Examine any images, architectural and construction drawings, or blueprints
provided to determine the electrical requirements for the job. Begin counting your
drawings to get an accurate cost estimate for each.

Conduct a material takeoff.

To perform a takeoff, use the existing blueprints to create a list of all the
materials and quantities required for the specific project.
 Electrical Estimate
Calculate the cost of labor and items.
Knowing all of the specifications for the job, it will help you estimate the
number of electricians you'll need and the time it will take to finish. Electricians who
work on residential or commercial electrical jobs typically charge per hour.

Request for additional product prices.

Naturally, some products will require quotes from suppliers as part of the
estimate process. This can be time-consuming. Include some expenses if you may
require them some materials needed in order to complete the work more quickly.
 Electrical Estimate
Finalize electrical estimates.

Account for revisions, changes, or

new information during the final review,
and double-check accuracy. It is critical at
this point to double-check that your
estimate corresponds to the pricing
schedule you were given and that you have
not overlooked any requirements outlined
in the initial scope.
 Think
About It!
WITH THE HELP OF YOUR TEACHER OR CARER,
TEST WHETHER YOUR SUGGESTIONS AND
DRAWINGS WILL MAKE THE BULB LIGHT USING
ACTUAL BATTERIES, A SMALL LIGHTBULB, AND
Can you WIRES.
name other
conducting materials
aside from copper wire
and silver spoon?
 Review
What is an electric circuit?

Some of its components A complete circuit

It is a complete path
include wires, a bulb features an unbroken
through which electric
and a power source loop where charges
current flows.
(cell or battery). can flow.