EG BASICS
1. Line work
HB 2H 4H
Black(bold) Medium Thin
Thick Extra wide Wide
General ratio HB:2H:4H = 4:2:1
2.
HB 2H 4H
Border Dimension line Guide lines
Object line Extension line Projection lines
Letters and numerals Leader line Construction lines
Titles Axis line – 3H
Hidden lines Chain line
Title block Cutting plane
H
Order of priority for coinciding lines
- object line (continuous thick lines)
- hidden line
- centre\axis line
2. Hidden lines are the object lines which are not visible from the direction of viewing.
3. The elements of dimensioning are:
-dimension line
-leader line
-extension lines.
4. Dimension lines are continuous thin lines and are terminated by arrowheads. Drawn
parallel to the object line and 10mm away from it.
5. Ratio of length and width of the arrow head- 3:1
6. Extension lines are thin continuous lines drawn in extension of an outline. They are
drawn perpendicular to the object [Link] lines extend about 3mm to 5mm beyond
the dimension line and
7. leader or a pointer is a continuous thin line connecting a note or a dimension with the
feature to which it applies.
8. leader line ([Link]. 54 Fig 1.52)
- A dot – if it ends within the outlines of an object. Points a face of the object.
- An arrow head – if it ends on the outline of the object. Points the edge of an
object.
- With or without a dot or arrow head - if it ends on a dimension line.
9. A leader is not drawn at an angle of not less than 30 degree to a line to which it touches.
10. Guidelines –
For uppercase For lower case
letters letters
cap(capital) line and drop line waist line and base line between
cap and drop line
11. The space between two words may be equal to the width of one letter.
12. Letter printing: angle of slant for italic letters is 72 degree.
13. We use single stroke letters.
14. There are 6 fundamental strokes in lettering –
1 & 2- curves, 3- horizontal ,4 – vertical , 5 & 6 – slant
15. Rule of stability :
In order to give the appearance of stability such letters as the B E K S X and Z, with the
figures 3 and 8 must be drawn smaller at the top than the bottom to correct the optical
illusion.
4. Two types of dimensions: size dimension and location dimension.
16. Symbols
Radius of a circle or an arc R
Diameter of circle ∅
Square sq or ⊡
Sphere SPHERE or S precedes R or ∅
17. Different types of dimensioning (Pg. no: 46 to 48): Chain dimensioning, Dimensioning
from common feature, Parallel dimensioning, Combined dimensioning, Superimposed
running dimensioning, Progressive dimensioning.
- Progressive and Parallel dimensioning are shown from a common base line.
18. Two systems of placing dimensions: aligned system, unidirectional system
19. An arc is dimensioned by its radius ‘R’
20. Dimensioning narrow space: Dots, Oblique line or Inverted arrows for indicating.
21. Each feature is dimensioned and positioned once.
22. A centre line/ Axis line should not be used as a dimension line except if it passes
through a hole.
23. Outline cannot be used as a dimension line.
24. Avoid the crossing of dimension lines and extension lines.
25. Dimension lines should not cross each other.
26. A dimension line should never coincide with an object line or a centerline.
27. Only extension lines can cross each other.
28. Avoid dimensioning hidden lines.
29. No hidden outlines are possible.
Angles
30. Angle less than 90 degree is an acute angle
31. Angle between 90 degree and 180 degree is called an obtuse angle
32. Angle greater than 180 degree but less than 360 degree is called reflex angle
33. Angles which lie on either side of a common arm are called adjacent angles
34. When sum of two angles is 90 degree they are said to be complementary angles .One
angle is the complement of the other angle
35. When the sum of two angles is 180 degree, they are said to be supplementary angles.
One angle is called the supplement of the other angle
Length measures
36. Two universal systems of length measures are Metric system and English system
37. In metric system the std. length is the ‘metre’
38. In English system the std. length is the ‘yard’
Scale
39. Scale 1:1 for full size
Scale x:1 for enlargement scales
Scale 1:x for reduction scales
Sizes of drawing sheets
40. A0 841*1189 mm
41. A1 594*841 mm
42. A2 420*594 mm
43. A3 297*420 mm
44. A4 210*297 mm
45. Section lines or Hatching lines are generally inclined 45 degrees with the base.
[Link] varies according to the material used.
ALSO READ page no 10,11, 23(Fig 1.9.4) ,45(Fig 1.38.1), 46,47,48