Chapter 4

Describing Nouns: Adjectives, Agreement & Past Actions

Introduction

Having learned the foundational patterns for First and Second

Declension nouns and First Conjugation verbs (present tense), we can

now begin to add descriptive richness to our Latin sentences.

This chapter introduces Adjectives, words that modify nouns or

pronouns, providing details about their qualities. Specifically, we focus

on First & Second Declension Adjectives, which use endings familiar

from the noun declensions you already know.

The single most important concept related to adjectives is Agreement:

an adjective must match the noun it describes in Gender, Number, and

Case. Mastering this rule is essential for correct Latin composition and

comprehension.

Finally, we will move beyond the present moment by learning our first

past tense: the Imperfect Active Indicative. This tense describes

continuous or repeated actions in the past (e.g., 'was loving', 'used to

carry'). We will learn its forms for the verb sum and for First

Conjugation verbs.

Chapter Goals: By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Identify First & Second Declension adjectives and decline them

in all genders.

• Understand and meticulously apply the rules of adjective

agreement (matching Gender, Number, and Case with the noun).

• Use adjectives correctly as attributes modifying nouns and as

predicate adjectives with sum.

• Understand the meaning and usage of the Imperfect Active

Indicative tense.

• Form and translate the Imperfect Active Indicative of sum and

First Conjugation verbs.

• Integrate adjectives and imperfect tense verbs into sentences,

translating and parsing accurately.

• Expand vocabulary with common First & Second Declension

adjectives.

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Day 19 (Week 4, Day 1): Introduction to Adjectives;

1st/2nd Declension Type

Lesson 4.1: What are Adjectives?

Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They

answer questions like 'what kind?', 'Which one?', 'How many?'.

Examples in English: good man, large town, Roman poet.

Lesson 4.2: First & Second Declension Adjectives

Many common Latin adjectives follow the ending patterns of the First

Declension (for their feminine forms) and the Second Declension (for

their masculine and neuter forms). They are often listed in dictionaries

with three endings:

• -us (Masculine Nominative Singular)

• -a (Feminine Nominative Singular)

• -um (Neuter Nominative Singular)

• Example Dictionary Entry: bonus, bona, bonum - good

This tells you:

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 • The masculine forms decline like a 2nd Declension -us noun (e.g.,

servus).

• The feminine forms decline like a 1st Declension -a noun (e.g.,

porta).

• The neuter forms decline like a 2nd Declension -um noun (e.g.,

bellum).

Lesson 4.3: Declining 1st/2nd Declension Adjectives

To decline these adjectives, you apply the appropriate case endings

(from Ch 1 & 2) to the adjective's stem. The stem is usually found by

removing the feminine -a ending.

• Example: bonus, bona, bonum (good) -> Stem: bon-

Table 4.1: Declension of bonus, bona, bonum (good) (Case Order:

N-A-G-D-A)

Case Masculine Singular Feminine Singular Neuter Singular

Nom bon[us] bon[a] bon[um]

Acc bon[um] bon[am] bon[um]

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Gen bon[ī] bon[ae] bon[ī]

Dat bon[ō] bon[ae] bon[ō]

Abl bon[ō] bon[ā] bon[ō]

Case Masculine Plural Feminine Plural Neuter Plural

Nom bon[ī] bon[ae] bon[a]

Acc bon[ōs] bon[ās] bon[a]

Gen bon[ōrum] bon[ārum] bon[ōrum]

Dat bon[īs] bon[īs] bon[īs]

Abl bon[īs] bon[īs] bon[īs]

• Note: Some adjectives have a masculine Nominative Singular in

-er, like nouns (puer, ager). They decline similarly, either

keeping or dropping the 'e' in the stem (e.g., līber, lībera, līberum

- free; pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum - beautiful). Find the stem from

the feminine form.

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Vocabulary Focus 19.1

(Dictionary Entry: Masc Nom Sg, Fem Nom Sg, Neut Nom Sg -

Meaning | Derivative | Example Phrase [Nom Sg])

Adjectives (1st/2nd Declension)

87. bonus, bona, bonum - good | Derivative: bonus, bounty |

puer bonus (good boy), puella bona (good girl), dōnum bonum

(good gift)

88. magnus, magna, magnum - large, great | Derivative:

magnitude, magnificent | ager magnus (large field), porta magna

(large gate), bellum magnum (great war)

89. malus, mala, malum - bad, evil | Derivative: malice,

malignant | servus malus (bad slave), silva mala (bad forest),

verbum malum (bad word)

90. parvus, parva, parvum - small, little | Derivative:

parvovirus, parvule | locus parvus (small place), īnsula parva

(small island), oppidum parvum (small town)

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Exercise 19.1: Stem Identification (Adjectives) Find the stem for

each adjective using its feminine form:

1. magnus, magna, magnum -> Stem: ______

2. malus, mala, malum -> Stem: ______

3. parvus, parva, parvum -> Stem: ______

Exercise 19.2: Declining Adjectives Decline magnus, magna,

magnum fully in the Singular (Masculine, Feminine, Neuter) using the

NAGDA case order. Use Table 4.1 as a model.

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Day 20 (Week 4, Day 2): The Rule of Agreement

(Gender, Number, Case)

Lesson 4.4: The Cardinal Rule of Adjectives: Agreement

This is one of the most fundamental concepts in Latin syntax.

• Rule: An Adjective must always agree with the Noun it modifies

in Gender, Number, and Case (GNC).

• Explanation:

o Gender: If the noun is feminine, the adjective must be

feminine. If masculine, masculine. If neuter, neuter.

o Number: If the noun is singular, the adjective must be

singular. If plural, plural.

o Case: If the noun is Nominative, the adjective must be

Nominative. If Accusative, Accusative, etc.

Crucial Point: Agreement in GNC does NOT mean the endings

will always look identical!

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 A 1st Declension noun might be modified by the feminine form

of a 1st/2nd Declension adjective, while the masculine/neuter

form might modify a 2nd Declension noun.

The function (GNC) must match, even if the endings belong to

different declension patterns.

Lesson 4.5: Examples of Agreement

Observe how the adjective bonus, -a, -um changes its ending to match

the GNC of the noun it modifies:

1. Noun: puella (Nom Sg Fem) -> Adjective: bona (Nom Sg Fem) -

> puella bona (the good girl)

2. Noun: servum (Acc Sg Masc) -> Adjective: bonum (Acc Sg

Masc) -> servum bonum (the good slave [as DO])

3. Noun: bellō (Dat/Abl Sg Neut) -> Adjective: bonō (Dat/Abl Sg

Neut) -> bellō bonō (to/for/by/with/from the good war)

4. Noun: nautae (Nom Pl Masc) -> Adjective: bonī (Nom Pl Masc)

-> nautae bonī (the good sailors)

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 5. Noun: portās (Acc Pl Fem) -> Adjective: bonās (Acc Pl Fem) ->

portās bonās (the good gates [as DO])

6. Noun: dōna (Nom/Acc Pl Neut) -> Adjective: bona (Nom/Acc Pl

Neut) -> dōna bona (the good gifts [as Subj or DO])

7. Noun: agrōrum (Gen Pl Masc) -> Adjective: bonōrum (Gen Pl

Masc) -> agrōrum bonōrum (of the good fields)

Vocabulary Focus 20.1

Adjectives (1st/2nd Declension)

91. multus, multa, multum - much; (plural) many | Derivative:

multitude, multiply | multa pecūnia (much money), multī amīcī

(many friends)

92. Rōmānus, Rōmāna, Rōmānum - Roman | Derivative:

Roman, romance | vir Rōmānus (Roman man), lingua Rōmāna

(Roman language)

93. altus, alta, altum - high, deep | Derivative: altitude, altar |

mūrus altus (high wall), aqua alta (deep water)

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 94. lātus, lāta, lātum - wide, broad | Derivative: latitude | ager

lātus (wide field), via lāta (wide road)

95. longus, longa, longum - long | Derivative: longitude,

longevity | gladius longus (long sword), vīta longa (long life)

Exercise 20.1: Identifying GNC For each noun, identify its Gender,

Number, and Case:

1. viās (Acc Pl Fem)

2. puerō -> ______, ______, ______

3. bella -> ______, ______, ______

4. agricolae (Nom Pl Masc) -> ______, ______, ______

5. dōnī -> ______, ______, ______

Exercise 20.2: Choosing the Correct Adjective Form Choose the

form of magnus, -a, -um that correctly agrees in GNC with the noun:

1. puellam (Acc Sg Fem) -> magnam

2. servōrum (Gen Pl Masc) -> ______

3. oppida (Nom/Acc Pl Neut) -> ______

4. nautae (Dat Sg Masc) -> ______

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5. portīs (Dat/Abl Pl Fem) -> ______

6. bellum (Nom/Acc Sg Neut) -> ______

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Day 21 (Week 4, Day 3): Adjective Placement &

Usage

Lesson 4.6: Adjective Placement

In Latin, adjectives often follow the nouns they modify, but this is not

a strict rule. Word order is flexible for emphasis.

• Common: vir bonus (good man)

• Emphasis: bonus vir (a good man) For clarity, we will often place

adjectives after their nouns initially.

Lesson 4.7: Attributive vs. Predicate Adjectives

• Attributive Adjective: Directly modifies a noun as part of a noun

phrase. Agrees in GNC.

o Vidēmus portam magnam. (We see the large gate.)

magnam directly describes portam.

• Predicate Adjective: Follows a linking verb (like sum) and

describes the subject. Agrees with the subject in GNC.

o Porta est magna. (The gate is large.) magna describes the

subject Porta.
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Lesson 4.8: Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives ('my', 'your', 'our', 'their') function like regular

1st/2nd Declension adjectives and must agree in GNC with the noun

they modify (the thing possessed), not with the possessor.

Vocabulary Focus 21.1

Adjectives (Possessive - 1st/2nd Declension)

96. meus, mea, meum - my, mine | Derivative: (indirect) me |

liber meus (my book), fīlia mea (my daughter)

97. tuus, tua, tuum - your, yours (referring to one person, 'you

sg') | Derivative: (indirect) thou | equus tuus (your horse),

pecūnia tua (your money)

o (Note: 'his', 'her', 'its', 'their' use the Genitive of pronouns,

learned later. 'Our' and 'your (pl)' also exist but follow this

pattern.)

• Review Nouns & Adjectives: liber, fīlia, equus, pecūnia, bonus,

malus, magnus

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Exercise 21.1: Agreement Practice (Phrases) Make the adjective

agree with the noun. Translate the phrase.

1. via (Nom Sg Fem) + longus, -a, -um -> via longa (long road)

2. virōs (Acc Pl Masc) + bonus, -a, -um -> ______ (good men [obj.])

3. bellō (Dat/Abl Sg Neut) + malus, -a, -um -> ______ (to/by the

bad war)

4. patriae (Gen Sg Fem) + Rōmānus, -a, -um -> ______ (of the

Roman fatherland)

5. dōna (Nom/Acc Pl Neut) + meus, -a, -um -> ______ (my gifts)

6. agricola (Nom Sg Masc) + tuus, -a, -um -> ______ (your farmer)

Exercise 21.2: Attributive vs. Predicate Translate, noting whether the

adjective is attributive (A) or predicate (P).

1. Servus est bonus. (P) -> The slave is good.

2. Servum bonum laudāmus. (A) -> ______

3. Via longa est. (P) -> ______

4. Viam longam spectant. (A) -> ______

5. Dōna tua sunt magna. (P) -> ______ (sunt = are; magna=Nom Pl

Neut)

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Reading 4.1: Amīcus Meus (My Friend)

Read aloud and translate.

Amīcus meus est nauta bonus. Equus amīcī meī (Gen Sg Masc agreeing

with amīcī) est parvus. Nauta parvam pecūniam habet. (habet = has)

Sed (But) vīta nautae bonī est longa.

Patria nautae est īnsula Rōmāna. Multae fēminae Rōmānae (Nom Pl

Fem) sunt in oppidō magnō. (Abl Sg Neut) Oppidum Rōmānum laudō.

Comprehension 4.1: Answer based on Reading 4.1.

1. Describe the speaker's friend. (Quālis est amīcus meus?)

2. Describe the friend's horse. (Quālis est equus amīcī meī?)

3. Does the good sailor have much money? (Habetne nauta bonus

multam pecūniam?)

4. Describe the sailor's fatherland.

5. What does the speaker praise?

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Day 22 (Week 4, Day 4): Introduction to Imperfect

Tense; Sum (Imperfect)

Lesson 4.9: The Imperfect Tense - Concept

So far, we have used the Present Tense (action happening now). The

Imperfect Active Indicative is our first past tense. It describes actions

that were:

• Ongoing / Continuous in the past ('was/were verbing')

• Repeated / Habitual in the past ('used to verb')

• Attempted in the past ('was trying to verb')

It focuses on the process of the action in the past, not simply its

completion. Contrast:

• Present: Portat. (He carries / is carrying.)

• Imperfect: Portābat. (He was carrying / used to carry / kept

carrying.)

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Lesson 4.10: Imperfect Active Indicative of Sum

The verb sum forms its Imperfect tense from the stem era-. Memorize

these forms:

Table 4.2: Conjugation of Sum - Imperfect Active Indicative

Person & Number Latin Form Translation

1st Sg er[am] I was

2nd Sg er[ās] You (sg) were

3rd Sg er[at] He/She/It was

1st Pl er[āmus] We were

2nd Pl er[ātis] You (pl) were

3rd Pl er[ant] They were

Note the personal endings -m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt

attached to the era- stem (with a long -ā- before -mus and -tis).

Vocabulary Focus 22.1

• Verbs (Review)

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 o sum, esse, fuī, futūrus - to be | Eram nauta. (I was a sailor.)

Puellae erant bonae. (The girls were good.)

• Adjectives (Review): bonus, magnus, malus, Rōmānus, meus,

tuus

• Nouns (Review): nauta, puella, fīlius, oppidum, patria

Exercise 22.1: Conjugation Practice (Sum Imperfect) Write the full

Imperfect Active Indicative conjugation of sum from memory, with

translations.

Exercise 22.2: Translating Sum (Imperfect) Translate the forms:

1. erāmus -> We were

2. erat -> ______

3. erant -> ______

4. erās -> ______

5. eram -> ______

Exercise 22.3: Using Sum (Imperfect) Translate the sentences:

1. Nauta eram. -> I was a sailor.

2. Oppidum erat magnum. -> ______

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 3. Fīliī tuī erant parvī. (Fīliī=Nom Pl; parvī=Nom Pl Masc) ->

______

4. Patria mea erat Rōmāna. -> ______

5. Malī erātis. (Malī=Nom Pl Masc) -> ______

20
Day 23 (Week 4, Day 5): 1st Conjugation Verbs

(Imperfect); Integration

Lesson 4.11: Imperfect Active Indicative of 1st Conjugation Verbs

First Conjugation verbs form the Imperfect Active Indicative very

regularly:

• Formation Rule: Present Stem + Tense Sign -bā- + Active

Personal Endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).

• Example: amō, amāre (Present Stem: amā-)

o 1st Sg: amā- + bā + -m -> amābam (I was loving)

Table 4.3: 1st Conjugation, Imperfect Active Indicative (Example:

portō, portāre - to carry) (Present Stem: portā-)

Person & Stem + Infix +

Latin Form Translation
Number Ending

portā- + bā + - I was carrying / used

1st Sg portāba[m]
m to carry

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 You (sg) were
2nd Sg portā- + bā + -s portābā[s]
carrying

He/She/It was
3rd Sg portā- + bā + -t portāba[t]
carrying

portā- + bā + -
1st Pl portābā[mus] We were carrying
mus

portā- + bā + - You (pl) were

2nd Pl portābā[tis]
tis carrying

portā- + bā + -
3rd Pl portāba[nt] They were carrying
nt

Recognize the -bā- infix as the sign of the Imperfect tense for 1st (and

2nd) Conjugation verbs.

Lesson 4.12: Integrating Adjectives & Imperfect Tense

Now combine adjectives (attributive and predicate) with verbs in the

Imperfect tense. Remember, agreement rules still apply!

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 Examples:

o Nauta bonus aquam portābat. (The good sailor was

carrying water.)

o Puellae erant bonae. (The girls were good.) [Predicate

Adjective]

o Multōs equōs spectābāmus. (We used to watch many

horses.) [Attributive Adjective]

o Templum magnum erat. (The temple was large.) [Predicate

Adjective] (templum=temple)

Vocabulary Focus 23.1

• Verbs (Review 1st Conjugation): amō, dō, laudō, nāvigō,

occupō, parō, portō, pugnō, spectō, vocō

• Nouns & Adjectives (Review): All from Weeks 1-4 so far.

Exercise 23.1: Forming Imperfect Verbs (1st Conj) Give the

required Imperfect Active Indicative form:

1. amō, 1st Person Plural -> amābāmus

2. parō, 3rd Person Singular -> ______

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 3. spectō, 2nd Person Plural -> ______

4. laudō, 3rd Person Plural -> ______

5. dō, 1st Person Singular -> ______

Exercise 23.2: Translation with Imperfect & Adjectives

1. Translate to English: Servus malus pecūniam meam portābat.

2. Translate to English: Multās īnsulās spectābātis. (Multās=Acc Pl

Fem)

3. Translate to English: Via erat longa et lāta. (lāta=Nom Sg Fem)

4. Translate to Latin: We used to love the good fatherland.

5. Translate to Latin: The Roman boys were fighting. (puerī

Rōmānī)

6. Translate to Latin: The large gate was mine (predicate adj). (Porta

magna...)

Reading 4.2: Memoriae Puerī Rōmānī (Memories of a Roman Boy)

Read aloud and translate.

Puer Rōmānus eram. Pater (Father) meus erat agricola bonus. In agrīs

lātīs (Abl Pl) ambulābam (I used to walk) cum patre. (cum + Abl =

24
with father) Multōs equōs magnōs spectābāmus. Oppidum parvum

amābāmus. Via longa erat, sed (but) laetī (happy - Nom Pl Masc)

erāmus. Māter (Mother) mea cēnam (dinner) bonam parābat. Vīta erat

bona.

Comprehension 4.2: Answer based on Reading 4.2.

1. Who was the speaker?

2. What was his father?

3. Where did they used to walk? With whom?

4. What did they used to watch?

5. What did they used to love?

6. What did his mother use to prepare?

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Day 24 (Week 4, Day 6): Review & Consolidation

Review Checklist & Self-Assessment:

• Can you decline 1st/2nd Declension adjectives like bonus, -a, -

um?

• Can you state and apply the Rule of Agreement (GNC)?

• Can you distinguish attributive and predicate adjectives?

• Can you explain the meaning/use of the Imperfect tense?

• Can you conjugate sum in the Imperfect Active Indicative?

• Can you conjugate a 1st Conjugation verb in the Imperfect Active

Indicative?

• Can you translate and parse sentences containing adjectives and

imperfect verbs?

Exercise 24.1: Mixed Review Drill

1. Make magnus, -a, -um agree with viārum (Gen Pl Fem). ->

magnārum

2. Make meus, -a, -um agree with bellum (Nom Sg Neut). -> ______

3. Give the Imperfect, 2nd Pers Sg form of vocō, vocāre. -> ______

26
 4. Give the Imperfect, 3rd Pers Pl form of sum. -> ______

5. Translate to English: Agricolae bonī multa dōna dabant.

(dabant=they used to give)

6. Translate to Latin: My friend (Nom Sg) was watching the wide

fields (Acc Pl).

Activity 24.1: Update Summary Charts Add the 1st/2nd Declension

adjective paradigm to your charts. Clearly note the Rule of Agreement

(GNC). Add the Imperfect Active Indicative paradigms for sum and the

1st Conjugation to your verb charts.

Reading 4.3: Patria Rōmāna (The Roman Fatherland)

Read aloud, translate, and parse as instructed.

Patria nostra (our) erat Rōma magna. Amābāmus mūrōs (Acc Pl Masc)

altōs et longās viās. Multī virī Rōmānī in oppidīs (Abl Pl) erant.

Fēminae Rōmānae dōna bona deīs (Dat Pl) dabant. Puerī parvī cum

amīcīs (Abl Pl) lūdēbant. (lūdēbant = they were playing - from 2nd

Conj verb) Servī malī dominōs (masters - Acc Pl Masc) timēbant.

27
(timēbant = they feared - from 2nd Conj verb) Semper (always) Rōmam

laudābāmus quod (because) erat patria nostra.

Comprehension & Parsing 4.3:

1. What was "our" fatherland described as?

2. What did "we" used to love about Rome?

3. Where were many Roman men?

4. What did the Roman women used to give to the gods?

5. What were the small boys doing? With whom?

6. Whom did the bad slaves used to fear?

7. Parse fully: Amābāmus mūrōs altōs.

8. Parse fully: Patria nostra erat Rōma magna. (nostra=Nom Sg

Fem; Rōma=Nom Sg Fem PN; magna=Nom Sg Fem Pred Adj

agreeing with Rōma)

28
Conclusion of Chapter 4

This chapter introduced the essential skill of description through

adjectives and the crucial concept of Gender-Number-Case agreement.

You also learned your first past tense, the Imperfect, allowing you to

narrate ongoing or habitual past actions.

Combining adjectives and the Imperfect tense greatly increases the

complexity and nuance of the Latin you can understand and produce.

In Chapter 5, we will expand our verb knowledge by learning the

Second and Third Conjugations in the Present and Imperfect tenses.

Keep reviewing the patterns and vocabulary!

29
Chapter 4 Exercise Answers

Exercise 19.1: Stem Identification (Adjectives)

1. magn-

2. mal-

3. parv-

Exercise 19.2: Declining Adjectives magnus, magna, magnum -

Singular Only (NAGDA Order)

Case Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nom magnus magna magnum

Acc magnum magnam magnum

Gen magnī magnae magnī

Dat magnō magnae magnō

Abl magnō magnā magnō

Exercise 20.1: Identifying GNC

1. viās -> Fem, Pl, Acc

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 2. puerō -> Masc, Sg, Dat OR Abl

3. bella -> Neut, Pl, Nom OR Acc

4. agricolae (Nom Pl Masc) -> Masc, Pl, Nom

5. dōnī -> Neut, Sg, Gen

Exercise 20.2: Choosing the Correct Adjective Form

1. magnam

2. magnōrum

3. magna

4. magnō (Matches Dat Sg Masc of implied noun like nautae)

5. magnīs

6. magnum

Exercise 21.1: Agreement Practice (Phrases)

1. via longa (long road)

2. virōs bonōs (good men [obj.])

3. bellō malō (to/for/by/with/from the bad war)

4. patriae Rōmānae (of the Roman fatherland)

5. dōna mea (my gifts [subj./obj.])

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 6. agricola tuus (your farmer [subj.])

Exercise 21.2: Attributive vs. Predicate

1. (P) The slave is good.

2. (A) We praise the good slave.

3. (P) The road is long.

4. (A) They watch the long road.

5. (P) Your gifts are large.

Comprehension 4.1:

1. A good sailor (nauta bonus).

2. Small (parvus).

3. No, he has little money (parvam pecūniam).

4. A Roman island (īnsula Rōmāna).

5. The Roman town (Oppidum Rōmānum).

Exercise 22.1: Conjugation Practice (Sum Imperfect)

Person & Number Latin Form Translation

1st Sg eram I was

32
2nd Sg erās You (sg) were

3rd Sg erat He/She/It was

1st Pl erāmus We were

2nd Pl erātis You (pl) were

3rd Pl erant They were

Export to Sheets

Exercise 22.2: Translating Sum (Imperfect)

1. We were

2. He/She/It was

3. They were

4. You (sg) were

5. I was

Exercise 22.3: Using Sum (Imperfect)

1. I was a sailor.

2. The town was large.

3. Your sons were small.

4. My fatherland was Roman.

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 5. You (pl) were bad.

Exercise 23.1: Forming Imperfect Verbs (1st Conj)

1. amābāmus

2. parābat

3. spectābātis

4. laudābant

5. dabam

Exercise 23.2: Translation with Imperfect & Adjectives

1. The bad slave was carrying my money.

2. You (pl) used to watch many islands.

3. The road was long and wide.

4. Patriam bonam amābāmus.

5. Puerī Rōmānī pugnābant.

6. Porta magna erat mea.

Comprehension 4.2:

1. A Roman boy (Puer Rōmānus).

2. A good farmer (agricola bonus).

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 3. In the wide fields (In agrīs lātīs), with his father (cum patre).

4. Many large horses (Multōs equōs magnōs).

5. The small town (Oppidum parvum).

6. A good dinner (cēnam bonam).

Exercise 24.1: Mixed Review Drill

1. magnārum

2. meum

3. vocābās

4. erant

5. The good farmers used to give many gifts.

6. Amīcus meus agrōs lātōs spectābat.

Activity 24.1: Update Summary Charts (Self-directed activity for

student consolidation.)

Comprehension & Parsing 4.3:

1. Great Rome (Rōma magna).

2. The high walls and long roads (mūrōs altōs et longās viās).

3. In the towns (in oppidīs).

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4. Good gifts (dōna bona).

5. They were playing with friends (cum amīcīs lūdēbant).

6. Their masters (dominōs).

7. Amābāmus mūrōs altōs.

o Amābāmus: 1st Conj Verb, 1st Pers, Pl, Impf, Act, Indic

o mūrōs: 2nd Decl Noun, Acc, Pl, Masc (Direct Object)

o altōs: 1st/2nd Decl Adj, Acc, Pl, Masc (Agrees with mūrōs)

8. Patria nostra erat Rōma magna.

o Patria: 1st Decl Noun, Nom, Sg, Fem (Subject)

o nostra: 1st/2nd Decl Adj, Nom, Sg, Fem (Agrees with

Patria)

o erat: Verb (sum), 3rd Pers, Sg, Impf, Act, Indic

o Rōma: 1st Decl Noun, Nom, Sg, Fem (Predicate

Nominative)

o magna: 1st/2nd Decl Adj, Nom, Sg, Fem (Agrees with

Rōma)

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