0580

(A QUICK) CRASH COURSE

 1. Vectors
2. Coordinate Geometry
p i c s
t o 3. Bearings
4. Differentiation
5. Sequences
6. Trigonometry
7. Circle Theorems
8. Mensuration + Trigonometry (3D)
9. Probability + Set Theory
3a + 4b + c
By definition, vectors have both magnitude and direction. A vector ‘-a’ will
be in the opposite direction to vector ‘a’.

They can be added to or subtracted from another vector, or

multiplied/divided by a scalar.

For a vector m of magnitude (x, y), |m| = √x 2

+ y2 .

A position vector is the displacement vector from the origin.

Two vectors are considered parallel if one is a (scalar) multiple of the other.

Three points can be considered collinear if they have a scalar multiple AND Top = horizontal or
at least one point is shared. shift in x axis;

Bottom = vertical or
In a diagram, if the vectors are already labelled with direction and you are shift in y axis.
asked to find other (position) vectors, always keep in mind the direction in
which you travel in – visualise a path from point X to point Y.

hi
find the equation of the line that..
Understand that in a linear equation the highest degree is 1.

The gradient of a straight line is the change in y divided by the change in x

Slope form: Δy = mΔx (where Δ represents a change in the value)

You use Pythagoras Theorem to find out the length of a line segment

The midpoint of a line segment has the “average” x-coordinate and y-coordinate

If you’re given an equation in the form ax + by = c and asked to find out gradient and the yo yo yo
y-intercept then you have to rearrange it in the form:

y = (c - ax)/b

If a line is parallel to another line then both of them have the same gradient

If line l1 with gradient m1 is perpendicular to line l2 with gradient m2 then:

m1m2 = -1

The equation of the perpendicular bisector is found using the midpoint and the rule for
perpendicular lines
 “find the bearing of...”
still
here btw Always measured from the north, clockwise. N

The general convention is three digits such as 060°.

N

The bearing of X from Y is starting from X, measuring the angle B

068°
it takes to reach Y.
Or “how many degrees do I turn, facing north at A, to face the
A
direction of B?”

If a diagram is not already provided, it is suggested you draw a The bearing of B from A is 068
diagram for more clarity of the specific angles and directions, degrees.
plus the positions of the points.
As in if you were facing the north at A,
Always keep in the general rules of geometry for bearings, you would need to turn 68 degrees
especially if involving triangles or similar. clockwise to face B.
derivatives, the gradient function
Let’s say that you have a function y = f(x)
Its derivative (rate of change of y with respect to x) is denoted as dy/dx = f’(x)

The derivative is also known as the gradient function and it tells you what
the gradient of the function (tangent formed) is at any point.

If you have a function f(x) in the form f(x) = ax n

Then its derivative would be f’(x) = nax (n-1)

A stationary point occurs where the derivative of the function is zero

All turning points are considered as stationery points (reverse isn’t always true)

The second derivative tells you about the rate of rate of change of the gradient

A Maxima is where the turning point occurs at a local maximum point

f’(x) Test: Show that gradient goes from positive to negative
f’’(x) Test: Show that the value of f’’(x) is negative yo yo yo

A Minima is where the turning point occurs at a local minimum point

f’(x) Test: Show that gradient goes from negative to positive
f’’(x) Test: Show that the value of f’’(x) is positive
 th
the n term of a sequence is..
Rules (if you’re lazy to derive)
A sequence, limited to this syllabus, has a common difference or
1 For a quadratic sequence an2 + bn + c:
a common ratio, or a common base for an exponential sequence.
2a = the first common difference;
3a + b = the second common difference;
a + b + c = the first term. The n th term of a sequence is the general equation that shows,
for different values of “n” or in other words, different
consecutive terms, the pattern that it follows.
2 For a cubic sequence an3 + bn2 + cn + d:
6a = the first common difference; Sequences are limited to simple linear, quadratic, cubic, and
12a + 2b = the second common difference; sometimes exponential.
7a + 3b + c = the third common difference;
a + b + c + d = the first term. To find out the n th term of a linear, quadratic, or cubic
sequence you take the first few terms and find out the
3 For other sequences, find a common ratio difference(s) between them until the difference between terms
if there is one relevant, or use simple is common. Then equate each of the differences to the
pattern recognition – not all sequences are corresponding values, to find each of a, b, c or d, if relevant.
always cubic or quadratic, or even linear!
poof
5 tan x + 4 = 0

ASTC Method Graphical Method

Memorize the mnemonic:
(A)ll (S)tudents (T)rust (C)ambridge

A - All are +ve

S - Only Sin is +ve
T - Only Tan is +ve
C - Only Cos is +ve For the graphical method you need to
make a rough sketch of the tan/cos/sin
graph.
yo yo yo
S A After that, make use of symmetry and
180 - θ θ asymptotes (for tan x) to find out all
the acceptable values.

θ - 180 360 - θ
T C
 probability lies
this and that
between 0 and 1
the chance of something happening if you are asked to find the
can never be negative or greater probability of an event AND another
than 100% event happening, multiply.

the event does

the chance this or that
not occur
two options: find the probability of the
event not occuring, or if that is
arduous, simply 1 - (probability of
event occuring)
MAP if you are asked to find the
probability of an event OR another
event happening, add.

relative conditions
frequencies

the specific number of events that a condition (this event given that
may happen, given the probability of something has occured) limits your
the event happening or not set to the specific probabilities to
happening the “already occured” condition
 CIRCLE THEOREMS
the angle subtended at the centre of a the angle subtended in a semicircle is 90
ANGLE IN THE CENTRE circle is twice the angle subtended at the ANGLE IN A SEMICIRCLE degrees.
circumference

a cyclic quadrilateral has all its vertexes angles subtended by the same arc in the
OPPOSITE ANGLES IN A on the circumference. opposite angles are same segment are equal
ANGLE IN THE SAME
CYCLIC supplementary (their sum is 180 degrees) SEGMENT
QUADRILATERAL

the angle lying between a tangent and a an angle made by a tangent and a radius
ALTERNATE SEGMENT chord is equal to the angle subtended by at that point is equal to 90 degrees. two
THEOREM TANGENTS tangents from the same point have the
the same chord in the alternate segment
same length when they touch the circle.
 calculate angle BOD, then the length AC...

The cosine rule:

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 - 2bc cos A

The sine rule:

A b sin A/a = sin B/b
c
B C The Pythagorean theorem:
a a2 + b2 = c2

For 3D diagrams and shapes, keep your visualisation sharp. It is

especially helpful to work your way slowly, drawing on the
diagram given with a pencil and then figuring out relevant
lengths, angles or ratios.