Scribd
Upload
9 views11 pages

Module 1.2 - Class 3

The document presents a mathematical problem involving Ram's salary, which increases over time, and provides solutions using three methods: Inverse Matrix, Gaussian Elimination, and Cramer’s Rule. Each method leads to the conclusion that Ram's beginning monthly payment is $150 with an annual increase of $150. Additionally, the document includes modules on matrix inverses and tensor algebra.

Uploaded by

olusegun.oluwaseyitan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views11 pages

Module 1.2 - Class 3

The document presents a mathematical problem involving Ram's salary, which increases over time, and provides solutions using three methods: Inverse Matrix, Gaussian Elimination, and Cramer’s Rule. Each method leads to the conclusion that Ram's beginning monthly payment is $150 with an annual increase of $150. Additionally, the document includes modules on matrix inverses and tensor algebra.

Uploaded by

olusegun.oluwaseyitan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Matrix Solution Using Inverse Method,

Gaussian Elimination, and Cramer’s Rule

Engr Kazeem M. OLAGUNJU


Ram is hired for a job with a
monthly payment of a specific
amount and an annual
increase of a predetermined
amount. Find the beginning
Question payment and yearly increase
if his salary was $300 per
month after one year of
service and $600 per month
after three years of service.
Mathematical Formulation
Let x = beginning monthly payment
Let y = annual increase in monthly payment
Equations
x + y = 300 (After 1 year)
x + 3y = 600 (After 3 years)
Matrix form
Solution to this Problem

Using Inverse Matrix method

Gaussian Elimination Method

Cramer’s rule
Solution by Inverse Matrix Method
Let

If 𝐴 is invertible, 𝐱 = 𝐴−1 𝐛

|A| = (1*3 - 1*1) = 2

𝑎 𝑏 1 𝑑 −𝑏
Inverse of a 2 × 2matrix is
𝑐 𝑑 𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐 −𝑐 𝑎

A⁻¹ = x = A⁻¹ b =

x = 150, y = 150
Solution using Gaussian Elimination
Augmented matrix [A∣b]:
eliminate the 1 in the second row, first column
Replace Row2 by Row2 − Row1
Row2: 1 3 600 − 1 1 300 = 0 2 300
R2 = R2 - R1 → [0 2 | 300]
Augmented matrix becomes:
solve for 𝑦 from Row2:
2y = 300 → y = 150
substitute 𝑦 = 150 into Row1 to get 𝑥
x + y = 300 → x = 150
x = 150, y = 150
Solution using Cramer’s Rule
system of equations
express this as a matrix equation: Ax=b

Determine the determinant of matrix 𝐴


|A| = 2
∣𝐴𝑥 ∣ ∣𝐴𝑦 ∣
Cramer’s Rule states that: 𝑥 = ,𝑦 =
∣𝐴∣ ∣𝐴∣
Form 𝑨𝒙 and 𝑨𝒚
For matrix 𝐴𝑥 replace the 1st column of 𝐴 with 𝐛
Solution using Cramer’s Rule
∣𝐴𝑥 ∣=(300)(3)−(1)(600) = 900−600 = 300
For matrix 𝐴𝑦 replace the 2nd column of 𝐴with 𝐛

∣Aᵧ∣ = (1)(600)−(1)(300) = 600−300 = 300


∣𝐴𝑥 ∣
𝑥= = 300 / 2 = 150
∣𝐴∣
∣𝐴𝑦 ∣
y=𝑦 = = 300 / 2 = 150
∣𝐴∣
Therefore, x = 150, y = 150
Beginning monthly payment (x) = $150, Annual
increase (y) = $150. Therefore, Ram’s salary increases
linearly by $150 every year.
Today’s Class
❖Module 1.2: Inverses of Matrices
❖Module 1.3: Tensor Algebra and Analysis
❖Module 1.4: Basis Representation of Tensors.
❖Module 1.5: Euclidean Point Space and Vector Spaces
Module 1.2: Inverses of Matrices
Working rule to find inverse of a matrix using adjoint:
1. Calculate |𝐴|
i. If |𝐴|=0, inverse does not exist
ii. if |𝐴|≠0 , go to step 2
2. Find 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴) and compute the inverse using the
formula

Find inverse of the matrix A=

|𝐴|=1(16−9)−3(4−3)+3(3−4)=1(7)−3(1)+3(−1)=1
Module 1.2: Inverses of Matrices

Example of Inverse

You might also like