Seif & Amr series

Presents Hints
On
Language-notes ,
Translation
Grammar &
Confusables

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 01018775070
( Binder no. …. )
Foundation English Course
AM - IS – ARE
1. She ………in the house. 2. The dog and the cat ……… in the
garden. 3. The woman ………. behind a tree. 4. I
………..Kevin.
5. Carol and I ………friends. 6. It ………black.
7. My name …………Bob. 8. They ………nice girls.

Fill in the correct prepositions

1 I’m angry ………. him for telling lies about me.
2 Are you afraid ……… him? 3 It’s very nice ………. you to lend me
your car.
4 He is married …his cousin.5 It’s very nice ………you to lend
me your car.
6 Why are you always so rude ……… your parents?
7 It wasn’t very polite ………..him to leave without saying
thank you.
8 I can’t understand people who are cruel …………animals.
9 I have to stop to talk to you. I’m a bit short ……..time.
10 Are you interested ………football?
11 You shoes are similar ……mine but they are not exactly
the same.
12 We’ve got enough to eat. The fridge is full ……..food.
13 I felt sorry ………the children because it rained every
day.
14 He said he was sorry …….. the situation but there was nothing he
could do.

ASKING QUESTIONS

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Who - asking for a person and animal: subject: no do, does, did

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Jane opened the door.
Who opened the door?
Tom helped in the garden. Who helped in the garden?
Who - asking for a person and animal: object: do, does, did

They greet their teacher. Who do they greet?

He asked Mary about the burglary. Who did they ask about the
burglary?
What - asking for a thing: subject: no do, does, did

His ankle hurts. What hurts?

The flower pot fell on the floor. What fell on the floor?

What - asking for a thing: object: do, does, did

She usually wears jeans. What does she usually wear?

They built a castle in the sand. What did they build in the sand?

Whose - asking for the 2nd

case

This is Peter’s pencil. Whose pencil is this?

Carol’s father was a drummer. Whose father was a drummer?

When - asking for the time

I saw her yesterday. When did you see her?

When did they come home?
They came home at midnight.

Where - asking for the place

He flew to Manchester. Where did he fly?

Where does he live?
He lives in a big house.

Why - asking for a reason

He stayed at home because he was ill. Why did he stay at home?

Why do they like him?
They like him because he is always
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friendly.

How - asking for the manner (Art und Weise)

He drove fast. How did he drive?

How were your holidays?
My holidays were great.

How long - asking for a period of time

They stayed there for a week. How long did they stay there?
How long did he live in London?
He lived in London for a year.

How many - asking for an exact amount

In this factory work 500 How many people work in this

people. factory?
How many kids were at his party?
50 kids were at his party.

How much - asking for not exact amount

He gets 10 pounds pocket money a How much pocket money does he get a
month. month?
How much wine did she buy?
She bought three bottles of wine.

How often - asking for frequency

They play tennis twice a week. How often do they play tennis?
How often does she meet him?
She meets him every Friday.

Ask for the underlined word.

1. They hear a terrifying
noise……………………………………………….?
2. The dog goes over to the
children…………………………………………?
[Link] wrote down the address…………………………………………?
[Link] look at our flowers and
vegetables……………………………….?
5. Andy did his homework very

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quickly……………………………………?
6. My mum pays for the ticket………………………………………….?
7. He kicked the ball high into the
air……………………………………?
8. They had cameras………………………………………………….?
9. Andy saw a fine sports car……………………………………..?
10. He ate an apple……………………………………………………..?
11. This flower smells
great…………………………………………………..?
12. He repaired everything
carefully…………………………………………?
13. Tom lived in Chicago…………………………………………………?
14. He drank some lemonade…………………………………………….?
15. They stayed for two days……………………………………………?

THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Monosyllabic adjectives are compared with -er, -est.

Positive Comparative Superlative

Strong Stronger Strongest

Small Smaller Smallest

Late Later Latest

Nice Nicer Nicest

Big Bigger Biggest

Thin Thinner Thinnest

Fat Fatter Fattest

London is bigger than Vienna.

Adjectives ending with y, er, ow, le are compared with -er, -est.

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Positive Comparative Superlative

Easy Easier Easiest

Happy Happier Happiest

Clever Cleverer Cleverest

Narrow Narrower Narrowest

What is the easiest exercise?

All the other adjectives are compared with more, most.

Positive comparative Superlative

Careful more careful most careful

Expensive more expensive most expensive

Difficult more difficult most difficult

Tired more tired most tired

Terrible more terrible most terrible

Which dress is more Which dress is the most

expensive? expensive?

Irregular forms

Positive comparative Superlative

Good/well Better Best

Bad/badly Worse Worst

Much More Most

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Many More Most

Little/far Less/fa(u)rther Least/

fa(u)rthest

(not) as ... as – Ann is as tall as Mary.

I think tomorrow it will be as hot as today.

This test was not as difficult as the last one.

COMPARISON

1 Sue’s car isn’t very big. She wants a bigger .car.

2 This house isn’t very modern. I like ………….houses.
3 You’re not very tall. Your brother is…………..
4 Bill doesn’t work very hard. I work…………...
5 My chair isn’t very comfortable. Your chair is…………...
6 Jill’s idea wasn’t very good. My idea was…………...
7 These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue one are ………….
8 My case isn’t very heavy. Your case is …………….
9 I’m not very interested in sports. I’m ……….in reading.
10 It isn’t very warm today. Yesterday it was …………...
11 These tomatoes aren’t very good. The other ones taste
……….
12 Britain isn’t very big. France is …………….
13 Liverpool isn’t very beautiful. London is ………………...
14 This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a ……………
one?
15 People today aren’t very polite. In the past they were
…………

CONDITIONAL
CLAUSES
General statements and facts
If there is a problem I can always talk to Carol.
PRESENT TENSE PRESENT TENSE
It's possible that . . . (talking about the future) -
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Conditional I
Colin is an intelligent boy. It is April 15th. The exam is on April
23rd. He has enough time to learn for the exam - he can pass it.
he will pass the exam on April
If he studies
23rd.
PRESENT TENSE WILL FUTURE

It's possible but not very probable . . . (talking about a

future situation) - Conditional II
Colin didn't learn. He played football. It' April 22 nd. Tomorrow is
the exam. It is possible but not very probable that he will pass
the exam.
If he studied he would pass the exam.

PAST TENSE CONDITIONAL PRESENT ( ‘d

+inf)y
It didn't happen and it is impossible now (talking about a
past situation) - Conditional III
It's April 23rd. Colin didn't pass the exam.
he would have passed the
If he had learned
exam.
CONDITIONAL PERFECT (‘d have
PAST PERFECT
pp)

Conditional clauses express

General statements, facts If I have a problem she always

helps me.

It's possible If he comes I will be happy.

It's not probable If he came I would be happy.

It's impossible If he had come I would have been

happy.

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

1 If Mr Brown (sell) his car last year, he would have got more
money for it.

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2 If Susan takes her driving lessons regularly, she (pass) her driving
test.
3 If Mr Jones (watch) the news every evening he would know more about
politics.
4 If Charlie (not stop) eating these green apples he’ll soon feel sick.
5 If you had told me the truth I (help) you.
6 If old Mrs White heard a strange noise she (call) the police.
7 If I (have) good luck I would have won the first prize.
8 If I (be) you I would throw away all this old junk.
9 If I got the earlier bus I (can) come home at 5 o’clock.
10 If mother (make) apple pie I’ll give you a piece.
11 If Peter (not leave) earlier he would miss the bus.
12 If we missed the train we (take) a taxi.
13 If he (win) a lot of money he will fly to Paris.
14 If she is ill she (not come) to our party.
15 We (play) tennis if it stopped raining.

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

1. If I was offered the job, I think I (take) it.

2. If she (be) hungry, she would eat something.
3. If he studied, he (pass) the exam.
4. I (send) you a postcard, if I had your address.
5. What (happen), if you didn´t go to work tomorrow?
6. If she has enough money, she (buy) a new car.
7. What will John do, if he (not get) the job?
8. She would be terribly upset, if I (lose) her ring.
9. Many people would be out of work, if the factory (close) down.
10. What would you do, if you (be) the president of your country?
11. If he hurried, he (catch) the train.
12. If he (have) time, he will come.

ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
nice / kind / good / stupid / silly / intelligent / clever /
sensible / (im)polite / rude / unreasonable OF someone (to
do something):
Thank you it was very nice / kind of you to help me.
It's stupid of her to go out without a coat.
nice / kind / good / (im)polite / rude / (un)pleasant /
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(un)friendly / cruel TO someone:
She has always been very nice / kind to me.
Why are you so rude / unfriendly to Ann?
angry / furious ABOUT something // WITH someone FOR
something:
Why are you so angry about it?
They were furious with me for not inviting them to my party.
pleased / disappointed / satisfied WITH something:
I was pleased with the present you gave me.
Were you disappointed with your examination results?
bored / fed up (9) WITH something:
You get bored / fed up with doing the same thing every day.
surprised / shocked / amazed / astonished AT / BY
something:
Everyone was surprised by /at the news.
exited / worried / upset ABOUT something:
Are you exited about going on holiday next week?
afraid / scared / frightened / terrified OF someone /
something
Are you afraid of dogs?
proud / ashamed OF someone / something: I'm not ashamed of
what I did
good / bad / excellent / brilliant / hopeless AT (doing)
something:
I'm not very good at repairing things.
married TO someone Linda is married to an Ali / with 3 kids .
sorry ABOUT something: I'm sorry about the noise last night.
sorry FOR doing something . I'm sorry for shouting at you
yesterday.
be / feel sorry FOR someone . I feel sorry for George.
famous FOR something: Florence is famous for its art
treasures.
responsible FOR something:
Who was responsible for this noise last night?
interested IN something: Are you interested in art?
Mary is fond of animals. fond OF something / someone:
full OF something: The letter was full of mistakes.
short OF something: I'm a bit short of money.
keen ON something: We stayed at home because Mary wasn't
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very keen on going out in the rain.
similar TO something: Your writing is similar to mine.
crowded WITH (people,...) The city was crowded with
tourists.

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB

1 He is a ……boy.(clever) 2 He is tired because he has worked

……(hard)
3 He isn’t tired because he has ……worked.(hard) 4 She is a ……
girl(quiet)
5 She went to bed ……(quiet) 6 He is not a good student but he writes ……
(good)
7 You should speak more ………(soft) 8 The children behaved
……... (bad)
11 She looks ……….. (pretty) 12 That milk tastes ………….
(sour)

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB
1 She always works ……… (careful) 2 Ann often behaves ………….in
school. (bad)
3 He is often very ……. (nervous) 4 He works very ……… (good)
5 This steak tastes……... (great) 6 She looked at me……..
(angry)
7 She looks ………..(pretty) 8 They skate ………. (good)
9 He was very ………that he won the race. (happy) 10 That sounds ……….
(great)
13 I like roses. They smell ……(good)15 The cat's fur felt ……..and ……..
(soft / warm)

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB THE DIFFERENCE

An adjective tells us more about a noun. an expensive car, a

clever girl

An adverb tells us more about a verb. : He talked nervously.

ADVERB HOW TO FORM Adjective + ly

Sad Sadly quiet quietly

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 Nervous Nervously soft softly

Adjectives ending in -y » ily

happy happily angry angrily

Adjectives ending in le » ly

terrible terribly capable capably

Adjectives ending in ly

Friendl
in a friendly way / manner daily daily
y
Lively in a lively way / manner early Early
monthl
Lonely in a lonely way / manner Monthly
y
lovely in a lovely way / manner weekly Weekly
silly in a silly way / manner yearly Yearly

HOW TO USE THE ADVERB

Verb + adverb The adverb describes a verb

He Drove carefully.

Verb adverb

She Sold her hous Quickly

e

Verb Adverb

Adjective + adverb The adverb describes an adjective

Her necklace wa horribly expensive.

s

adverb Adjective

She wa terribly sorry.

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 s

adverb Adjective

Adverb + adverb The adverb describes an adverb

The Playe Terribly badly.

y d

Adverb adverb
He did his
homewor absolute correctl
k ly y.

Adverb adverb
Irregular forms

Good Well low Low

Fast Fast straight Straight

Hard Hard extra Extra

Long Long doubtle Doubtless

ss

Double forms

hard Hard hardly

near Near nearly

late Late lately

No adverb with the following verbs

forms am, is, are, was, were,

of to will be, have been, had
be: been

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 seem get Turn grow soun
d

look
feel tast beco smel
e me l
FOR( length of time a day , hours , ages,the last …) OR
SINCE ( beginning of time , yesterday , 1999 , …… ago ,
last ….. ,)
1 I haven't been to Italy ……10 years. 2 She has lived in Paris …
January
3 Jim has studied ………three hours. Now he is tired.
4 My friend has been ill……a long time.5 It has been raining……more than
four days
6 I haven't seen him ……Easter .7 He hasn't had a holiday …last
summer
8 He hasn't done any work ………a month.
9 We have had this car ………1998.10 We have been here ……
two hours.
11 She hasn't written …….Christmas 12 Carol hasn't eaten meat
……ages.
13 We worked in his office ………three years. 14 ………how
long have they lived here? 15 I haven't spoken to her
………our quarrel.

FUTURE TENSE

The will - future is used:

1 to talk about future actions we can't influence or control.

.
2 to foretell future actions or to express hopes, expectations,
. fears, offers, promises, refusals,... .

Key words: I’m sure, I believe, I expect, I hope, I suppose, I

think, I'm afraid, I wonder, I fear, I worry, I promise, I guess or
perhaps, possibly, surely, probably, maybe
3 with I / we for spontaneous reactions or making promises
.
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 I shall is sometimes used instead of I will.

The going to - future is used:

1 to talk about future things you intend to do, plan, Or decided

. to do

Did you know that Sarah is in hospital?

No, I didn’t. I’ll visit her this afternoon. (spontaneous reaction will -
future)

Yes, I’m going to visit her next month. (planned action » going to -
future)

2 to for telling future actions for which we have proofs that

. they are going to happen.

The present progressive is used:

to talk about future things that are fixed, planned or definitely
decided

The speaker must refer to the future and not to the present.

I am visiting my grandparents tomorrow. What are you doing next Friday?

The present simple is used:

to talk about times of arrivals and departures of traffic and times of events.

The train leaves at [Link] bus goes at 8.30. When does the
concert begin?

Fill in GOING TO(planned ,arranged , sure , near

future ,evidence or WILL( not sure , sudden , facts ,with
connectives ,…) future.

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1. I think Susan ………in love with Mike. (fall)
2. John ………to his new CD all evening. (listen)
3. It's late. I hope we ………the bus. (not miss)
4. I think the police ……………the burglars. (arrest)
5. ………the new words this time, Peter? (you learn)
6. Jane and Sue ………a present for mum's birthday. (buy)
7. I hope you …………me with the dishes, Julie. (help)
8. Next summer we ………at a campsite near a lake. (probably
stay)
9. We ………to Scotland this summer. (go) 10. I promise, I
………you up tomorrow. (ring) 11. Maybe he ………any time next
weekend. (not have)
12. She …………a baby next April. (have) 13. I hope the
train …………delayed. (not be) 14. They …………the exam.
(probably pass)
HOW MUCH - HOW MANY
1 …….lemonade have we got? Not much. 2 ……bottles are there?
Three.
3 ………meat is there? We have got two steaks.
4 ………bananas have we got? We haven’t got any.
5 ……sugar have we got? Enough. 6 ……bread have we got?
Some.
7 …pens are in your bag? Six. 8 ……money have we got? We haven’t
got a lot.
9 ……bikes are there in the garden? Two.

PASSIVE - How the passive is formed:

FORM OF TO BE +
SUBJECT ADVERB, ...
3rd FORM

The room is cleaned every day.

They are sold as pets.

A lot of guests are invited to a party.

Put an active sentence into a passive one:

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 Subje
Verb Object
ct

Active: Bats Eat insects.

Passiv Insect are

By bats.
e: s eaten

Subje Age
Verb By
ct nt

Subject Verb Object

Active: Tom Saw the burglers

Passive: The were By Tom

burglers seen

Age
Subject Verb By
nt

Subject of the active sentence → Agent of the passive sentence

Object of the active sentence → Subject of the passive

sentence

Tenses:

Tense Active Passive (form of to be + 3rd form)

Present tense invite / see am / is / are invited / seen’

Past tense invited / saw was / were invited / seen

Future tense will invite / see will be invited / seen

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 Present have / has have / has been invited / seen
perfect tense invited / seen

Past perfect had invited / had been invited / seen

tense seen
Be or get (am-is-are _ present / was-were _past / be _models / being
_ing-form / been _perfect-form ) + pp
1 He ………(offer) a new job last week. 2 The bridge …… (blow off)
yesterday.
3 This novel ………(write) by Hemingway. 4 Flies ………… (catch) by
spiders.
5 All the trees …………(cut) down yesterday. 6 We …………(tell) to go
home now.
7 Their purse ……………(steal) yesterday night in the disco.
8 Rain …………(hold) up by fog. 9 He …………(throw) out of the bar a
week ago.
11 The old theatre …………(reopen) last Friday.
13 Rotten eggs …………(throw) at him last month in Bristol.
14 Mice …………(catch) by cats. 15 I …………(often / ask) for her
address.

PAST SIMPLE OR PROGRESSIVE

1 When I …………to school I …………John. (walk/see)

3 While she ………… the soup the children ……… . (cook/play)
4 While they ………… cards the baby ……… . (play/sleep)
5 When I ……… in the garden my uncle ………… . (work/call)
6 Carol …………TV while Bob and Peter …………football.
(watch/play)
8 A strong wind …………when the plane …………. (blow/land)
9 When she ……………tennis it ………….to rain. (play/began)
10 When I …………TV the lights …………out. (watch/go)
11 While he …………the piano she ……………to him. (play/listen)
12 While she …………up her room he …………his car. (tidy/wash)
15 We ………computer games while she ………a book. (play/read)

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 HAD P.P , After (after= until , when , as soon as, if
3, ) and before ( before = by the time ) PAST
PERFECT

If you tell a story it's sometimes necessary to tell about

actions that had happened before the past tense. To express the
time when these actions happened you have to use the past
perfect.

How to form: had (not) + 3rd form Key words: after,

before

She needed help because someone had stolen her car.

He passed the test because he had studied a lot.

After she had done her homework she visited me.

When I came home they had already eaten.

They had sold everything before they moved to Glasgow.

Fill in past tense or past perfect tense.

1 After they …………(open) the window it ……….(become)
colder.
2 After …………..(see) the film we …………..(go) to bed.
4 As soon as it …………(start) to rain she …………(take) her
umbrella.
5 He ………….(play) cards after ……………(do) his homework.
6 Before she ……………(thank) me she …………(take) my
present.
7 We ………….(see) the robbers after they …………(leave) the
bank.
8 He …………(comb) his hair after he …………(brush) his teeth.
9 Before ……………(go) out we ……………(put) on our new shoes.
10 They ……….(go) swimming after it ……….(stop) raining.
11 When we ……….(arrive) there the ceremony …………(start).
12 Father ………(start) to wash the car after mother ……….(go)
out.
13 After she ………(got) her new dress she ……….(show) it her
parents.

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 PAST SIMPLE OR PROGRESSIVE PAST PROGRESSIVE

How to I, he, she, it was (not) + ing-form was (not)

use: working

you, we, were (not) + ing- were (not)

they form working
1. shows that an action in the past lasted a long time.
2. If an action happened while another action took place. We use the past
simple for the short action and the past progressive for the long action.
3. Two past actions happen at the same time.

Key words: while , just as , as , when

What were they doing
yesterday?
While I was repairing my bike she was watering the flowers.
He was watching TV while she was reading a book.
PAST PROGRESSIVE PAST PROGRESSIVE
long action long action
When Tom was cooking he burnt his hand.
PAST PROGRESSIVE PAST SIMPLE
long action short action

1 When I …………to school I ……….John. (walk/see)

2 When I ……………in the kitchen Mary …………. (help/come)
3 While she ………….the soup the children …………….
(cook/play)
4 While they ………….cards the baby ……………. (play/sleep)
5 When I ……………in the garden my uncle …………. (work/call)
6 Carol …………TV while Bob and Peter ……………football.
(watch/play)
7 When she …………her hair the baby …………to cry.
(wash/begin)

IRREGULAR VERBS LIST

Infinitive (1st form) Past simple (2nd form) Past participle (3rd form)

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(to) be (I)was, (you) were Been

am is Was Been

Are Were Been

Beat Beat Beaten

Become Became Become

Begin Began Begun

Blow Blew Blown

Break Broke Broken

Bring Brought Brought

Build Built Built

Burn burned/burnt burned/burnt

Buy Bought Bought

Catch Caught Caught

Choose Chose chosen

Come Came come

Cost Cost cost

Cut Cut cut

Dig Dug dug

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 Do Did done

Draw Drew drawn

Dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed

Drink Drank drunk

Drive Drove driven

Eat Ate eaten

Fall Fell Fallen

Feed Fed Fed

Feel Felt Felt

Fight Fought Fought

Find Found Found

Fly Flew Flown

Forget Forgot Forgotten

Forgive Forgave Forgiven

Freeze Froze Frozen

Get Got Got

Give Gave Given

Go Went Gone

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Grow Grew Grown

Hang Hung-hanged Hung-hanged

Have Had Had

Hear Heard Heard

Hide Hid Hidden

Hit Hit Hit

Hold Held Held

Hurt Hurt Hurt

Keep Kept Kept

Know Knew Known

Lead Led Led

Learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned)

Leave Left Left

Lend Lent Lent

Let Let Let

Lie Lay Lain

Lose Lost Lost

Make Made Made

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 Mean Meant Meant

Meet Met Met

Misunderstand misunderstood Misunderstood

Overtake Overtook Overtaken

Pay Paid Paid

Put Put Put

Quit Quit Quit

Read Read Read

Ride Rode Ridden

Ring Rang Rung

Rise Rose Risen

Run Ran Run

Say Said Said

See Saw Seen

Sell Sold Sold

Send Sent Sent

Set Set Set

Shake Shook Shaken

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Shine Shone Shone

Shoot Shot Shot

Show Showed Shown

Shut Shut Shut

Sing Sang Sung

Sink Sank Sunk

Sit Sat Sat

Sleep Slept Slept

Smell Smelt Smelt

Speak Spoke Spoken

Spell Spelt Spelt

Spend Spent Spent

Split Split Split

Spoil Spoilt Spoilt

Spread Spread Spread

Stand Stood Stood

Steal Stole Stolen

Swim Swam Swum

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take (away) Took Taken

Teach Taught Taught

Tell Told Told

Think Thought Thought

Throw Threw Thrown

Understand understood Understood

Upset Upset Upset

wake up woke up woken up

Wear Wore Worn

Win Won Won

Write Wrote Written

arise ‫ يحصل‬/ ‫ينشأ‬ Arose Arisen
Rise ‫ ينهض‬/ ‫يشرق‬ Rose Risen
Raise ‫يرفع‬ Raised Raised
Rouse ‫يوقظ‬ Roused Roused
Saw ‫ينشر‬ Sawed Swan
See ‫يري‬ Saw Seen
Sew ‫يخيط‬ sewed Sewn / sewed
Sow ‫يبذر البذور‬ Sowed Sown / sowed
Ring ‫يدور‬ Rang Rung
Ring ‫يرسم دائرة‬ Ringed Ringed
‫حول‬
Spring ‫ يحدث‬/ ‫يقفز‬ Sprang Sprung
‫فجأة‬
Lay ‫يبيض‬ Laid Laid
Lie ‫ يضجع‬/ ‫يستلقي‬ Lay Lain
Lie ‫يكذب‬ Lied Lied
( Note ) present participle ( lying)
Wind ‫يقطع النفس‬ Winded Winded

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Wind ‫ يدير‬/ ‫يلف‬ Wound Wound
Wound ‫يجرح‬ Wounded Wounded
Sink ‫يغرق‬ Sank Sunk
Hang ‫يعلق‬ Hung Hung
Hang ‫يشنق‬ Hanged Hanged
Fall ‫يسقط‬ Fell Fallen
Feel ‫يشعر‬ Felt Felt
Fly ‫يطير‬ Flew Flown
Find ‫يجد‬ Found Found
Flow ‫ يجري‬/ ‫يسيل‬ Flowed Flowed
Fell ) ‫يقطع ( شجرة‬ Felled Felled
Fill ‫يمْال‬ Filled Filled
Found ‫يؤسس‬ Founded Founded

1. Choose the correct answer from a. b. c or d

1- Many problems……..from illiteracy .a) raise b) arise e) rise d)
arouse
[Link]................high, we can't afford to get our daily needs.
a) raised b) rose c) arose d) aroused
[Link] silence........my curiosity and interest.
a) raised b) rose c) arose d) aroused
[Link].............on the east coast of Africa.
a) lies b) lays c) lying d) lied
[Link] hen.............seven eggs this week.
a) lies b) lay c) laid d) lied
[Link] women are often ……. to their husbands.
a) lie b) laying c) lying d) lied
[Link] murderer was arrested and…………..
a) hang b) hanged c) hung d) hanging
S. This company was………. in 1 995.
a) find b) found c) founded d) finding
[Link] farmer.........the old trees and sold their wood.
a) fall b) fell c) felled d) fallen
[Link] people work hard in order to their standard of living.
a) rise b) raise c) arouse d) rouse
11. Most people complain that the price of the meat hassharply.
a) arisen b) rise c) raise d) rouse
12The thief s strange behavior……… the police's suspicions.
a) arose b) aroused c) roused d) raised
[Link] say that problems will …… among countries over water in
the next few decades a) arise b) arouse c) rise d) rouse
[Link] the farmer the seeds?
a) Sawn b) sewn c) sewed d) sown
15.A lot of wood has been by carpenters.
a) sawn b) sewn c) sown d) sawed
[Link] are clever at clothes.
a) sawing b) sowing c) seeing d) sewing
[Link] the mistakes in my essay have been…………..
a) rung b) ringed c) rang d) ranged
[Link] is honest. He has never to anybody.
a) lain b) laid c) lied d) lay
Their hen.............. ten eggs last week.
a) lay b) laid c) lied d) lain
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 Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
After listening to their discussions, he said, "Excuse me, I want to……something"
a) notice b) regard...........................................c) observe d) say
To let everyone know the time and place of the meeting, pin this…..on the board,
a) notice b) sign c) card d) signal
When Mr. Mo'men proposed to her, she nodded. This means she…
a) disagreed b) agreed c) accepted d) refused
My hobby is to have a………………with my internet friends.
a) chat b) speech c) speak d) listen
Both of them got angry and the argument became...............
a) heated b) heat c) hot d) heating
I love him very much. We always have the same opinions. We are ………….
a) agreeing b) disagreeing c) in agreement d) agreeable

PAST TENSE Tell the story – in simple past

On Friday, the children ………(talk) about a day out
together in the country. The next morning, they ………
(go) to the country and ……(play) with Dave. Ben and
Dave ………(have) kites. At lunch time, the two dogs ………
(be) not there. Then, Bill ………(come) and ………(look)
back to the stream. They ………(go) with Bill and ………
(look) for Charlie. Charlie ………(be) in a hole behind a
wall. Then Nick ……(go) and ……(fetch) the basket with
some meat sandwiches. They ………(need) the string of
Ben’s kite for the basket. Jenny ………(lower) the basket
down into the hole. Soon they ………(pull) Charlie up in
the basket.

Regular verbs How to form: Infinitive (=1st form) + ed = 2nd form

walk + ed Walked

laugh + ed Laughed

Note: cry cried y→i

carry carried y→i

love loved no e

hope hoped e

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 stop stopped if you speak a short vowel →
doubling

Key words :yesterday, last week (month, Monday,

October,..),1984, ago

Negation: didn't (= did not) + 1st form

He didn't go to her last party. They didn't like his

story.

BUT: was not (wasn't), were not (weren't), could not

(couldn't)

Question: did + 1st form Did he go to her last party?

BUT: Was he angry? Were they late? Could they swim?

Irregular verbs

1st form 2nd form 1st form 2nd form

am, is was See Saw

Are Were Do Did

Get Got Take Took

Go Went Have Had

Write questions with Who / What / How ...
1 I met somebody. Who …………………………………………?
2 Harry arrived. What time ………………………………?
3 I saw Bob yesterday. Who ………………………………?
4 They wanted something. What …………………………………?
5 The meeting finished. What time
……………………………………..?
6 Pat went home early. Why ……………………………..home early?
7 We had fish for dinner. What ……………………………………….for
dinner?

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8 It cost a lot of money. How much ……………………………………?
PAST TENSE Fill in the correct simple past forms.
The pupils of class 8HM ……(do) projects last week. First the pupils ……
(choose) what they wanted to do. Then they……(get) information from
books and brochures and they………(talk) to a lot of people .They……(find)
some interesting photos in the library. Their teacher ……(help) them when
they ……(ask) her. Then they ……(make) a poster or a video and ……(tell)
the other groups about their project.
arrange • bring • choose • decide • find • get • go • say •
start
Last month Jenny, Nick and Ben ………to do a project
together. They ………Cornwall. First Jenny ………to a travel agent
and ……some brochures. Nick and Ben …………some interesting
books in the library. Then they ………work. A week later they
………all their material to school and …….it on a poster. ‘That
presentation is interesting,’ …….Miss Hunt.

PLURAL
Singular + s
parrot – parrots apple – apples girl – girls

Words ending with y if a consonant is written before. -----> ies

strawberry –
lolly – lollies story – stories
strawberies
But: boy – boys toy – toys bay - bays
Words ending with ch, x, s, sh, o -----> es
class – classes brush – brushes box – boxes

Some words ending with f, fe, lf -----> ves

knife – knives wolf – wolves life – lives
But: chiefs, safes, cliffs, handkerchiefs

Irregular forms
man – men woman – women tooth - teeth
goose - geese ox – oxen louse - lice
foot – feet mouse – mice child - children

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1 story ……… 2 box ……… 3 monkey ……… 4 dress
…………
5 toothbrush ……… 6 man ……… 7 mouse ……… 8 orange
………
9 sandwich ……… 10 camera ……11 strawberry ………12 class
………
13 inch ……… 14 foot ……… 15 goose …………

1. a fly - six ………… 2. a child - three ……… 3. a wolf - eight

…………
4. a camera - eleven ……… 5. an hour - six …… 6. a lady - seven
………
7. a life - two ……… 8. a tooth - ten ……… 9. a key - four
………
10. a fox - two ……… 11. a baby - three ………
12. a goose - ten ………14. a box - twelve ………15. a match -
five ………

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
PERSONAL PRONOUNS PERSONAL
PRONOUNS
SUBJECT OBJECT

I
me

You
you

He
him

She
her

It it

We us
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 You
you

They
them

Fill in me, you, him, her, us, you, them.

1. My friend Tom lives in London. This is a parcel from ………..
2. I'm sorry, I can't tell ………what happened.
3. The children are hungry. Give ……an apple.
4. We are thirsty. Can you give ………some juice?
5. Jack is in the garden. Bring ………his football.
6. Ann and Paul can't do their homework. Can you help ………?
7. I can't help ……….tomorrow. I must visit my aunt.
8. These clothes are for poor children. Can you bring …..to the
Red Cross?
9. This cake is for Carol and me. Please give ……to …….
10. The roses are for mother. Please give ……to ……….

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE 1 ) AT - IN – ON

AT ON
We use at for a point: We use on for a surface:
at the window - at the on the wall - on the ceiling - on the
entrance - at the door floor - on a page
at the end of the street - at
on a cover
the station - at the top
Bill is waiting for you at the Have you seen the notice on the
bus stop. notice board?

IN We use in for an
enclosed space:
in the garden - in the house -
in London - in the water
in her bag - in a row - in a
town
There is nobody in the room.
She lives in a small village.
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Special Information:

AT

1. We say that someone is at 2. We say at with buildings when we

an event: say where the event (film,
concert,...) takes place:
at a party - at a pop concert -
Where were you yesterday? At the
at a conference - at a
cinema.
meeting
The meeting took place at the
Tom is at a party.
headquarters.

3. We say at someone's 4. We say at for a place which is a

house: part of our journey:
We were at Bill's house last We stopped at a very nice village.
Thursday. Does the train stop at Nashville?
ON
1. We use on with small 2. We say that a place is on the
islands: coast / on a river / on a road:
She spent her holiday on a
small London is on the river Thames.
Portsmouth is on the south coast of
England.
IN
1. We say in when we talk 2. We usually say in with towns and
about a building itself. villages:
The rooms of Tom's house
His parents live in York.
are small.
Note these expressions:
AT
at home - at work - at school - at university - at college - at the
station - at an airport - at the seaside - at sea (on a voyage) - at
reception - at the corner of a street - at the back / front of a
building / cinema / group of people, etc. - arrive at with other
places or events
IN
in the newspaper - in bed - in hospital - in prison - in the street - in
the sky - in an armchair (sit) - in a photograph - in a picture - in a
mirror - in the corner of a room - in the back / front of a car - arrive in a

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country or town
ON
on a farm - on the left - on the right - on the ground floor - on the
first, second,... floor - on the way - on the chair (sit) - on the radio
- on television - on a horse - on the corner of a street - on the back
/ front of a letter / piece of paper etc.

2) TO - INTO – BY
TO INTO
We say go / come / travel /
fly / walk / return / drive / We say go into / come into etc. =
have been etc. to a place enter a room / building etc.:
or event:
Last year we flew to London. He opened the door and went into
We went to work at seven. the room.
BY
We say by to say how we
travel:
We went to Paris by plane. I
usually go to work by bike / by
car / by underground / by bus
BUT:
we say on foot
we cannot use by if you say
my car / the train / a taxi
Then use in for taxis and
cars.
Then use on for bike / public
transport.

Fill in at, on, in, to , at or by

1. We decided not to go ……car. 2. She studied ……
two weeks.
3. The exhibition ……the art gallery finished last Sund
4. I saw Ken ……Dave's wedding. 5. Linda is a student …C
University.
6. After some years he arrived back ………Scotland.
7. The train arrives ……platform 3. 8. What time did you
the hotel?
9. Turn left ……the traffic lights. 10. When are you

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 Greece?
1. The headquarters of the United Nations is ……New
2. In most countries people drive ………the right.
3. I usually buy a newspaper ………my way to work.
4. Last year we had a lovely skiing holiday ………the S
5. San Francisco is ………the west coast of the United
6. She spends most of the day sitting ……the window.
7. The report about the accident was …the front page
newspaper.
8. In the theatre we had seats ……the front row.
9. Write the name and address ………the front page o
envelope.
10. It's dangerous to play football ………the streets.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

AT ON
We use on with dates and
We use at with times:
days:
at 5 o’clock - at 11.45 - at on 12 March - on Friday(s) - on
midnight - at lunchtime Friday morning(s)
Tom usually gets up at 7 on Sunday afternoon(s) - on
o’clock. Saturday night(s)
on Christmas Day (but at
Christmas)
We use at in these
expressions:

at night - at Christmas - at the

moment / at present - at the
same time - at weekends - at
the age of...

IN DURING
We use in for longer periods of We use during + noun to say
time: when something happens:
in April - in 1986 - in winter - in the during the film - during our
19th century - in the 1970s - in the holiday - during the night
morning(s) / in the afternoon(s) / in
the evening(s)
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In + period of time = a time in
I fell asleep during the film.
the future:
Jack will be back in a week. The We met a lot of interesting
train will leave in a few minutes. people during our holiday.
In + how long it takes to do
something:
I learned to drive in four weeks.

FOR SINCE
We use since + a period of
We use for + a period of time:
time:
for six years - for two hours - for since April - since 1992 - since
a week 8 o’ clock
It has been raining since one o’
I’ve lived in this house for six clock. They’ve known each
years. They have been watching other since they were at
TV for two hours. school.
UNTIL FROM - TO
We use until/till to say how We use from - to + beginning
long a situation continues: and end of a period:
Let’s wait until it stops raining. I Last evening we watched TV
stayed in bed until half past from 5 to 8 o’ clock.
nine.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

1 I like walking around the town ……night.

2 Are you going to the cinema …Friday night?
3 I’ve been waiting ……an hour. 7 We have to leave …five
minutes.
4 Ann works hard ……the week, so she likes to relax ……week-
ends.
5 I’ve been invited to a wedding ……14 February.
6 ……the age of twelve he wrote his first play.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

How to I, you, we, they have (not) + 3rd form

form:
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 he, she, it has (not) + 3rd form

is used, if an action happened in the past and there is a

connection to the present. There's no exact time expressed when
the action happened.

Key words: already ,just (,yet ,ever ,never ,for ,since,), so

far, up to now, not yet, lately

PAST PRESENT
Nick has gone on
Result He is not in the office.
holiday.
Do you know Italy?
Have you ever been connection with the
No, I have never
to Italy? present
been there.
He has already met connection with the
He likes her.
Sue. present

He has just eaten connection with the

He feels bad now.
something bad. present
He has been in Spain connection with the
He is still there.
for ten days. present
He has been in Spain connection with the
He is still there.
since Friday. present

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE OR PROGRESSIVE

1. Jane …………(write) a letter to a magazine. She ……(not finish)

it yet.
2. Ben …………(look) for his pen-knife, but he ………(not find) it
yet.
3. Jenny ……(wait) for the bus for half an hour, but it ……(not
arrive) yet.
4. Nick ………(play) a computer game for two hours and he is still
playing.
5. Mike……(not finished) painting his car [Link] ……(work) on it for
two weeks.
6. Amanda ……(not come) home yet. She ……(shop) in town since 10
o'clock.
8. Ben ………(draw) cartoons for two hours. He ………(not finish)

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yet.
9. Greg ………(wait) for Jenny in town. Jenny ………(not arrive)
yet.
9. Mr Blake ……(make) tests all evening but he ……(not find) a
perfect one yet.

PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST TENSE

1. I ……a great film yesterday. (see) 2. ……a new car? (you

ever buy)
3. Sue ……the flu last winter. (have)
4. A few days ago we ………to his uncle. (drive)
5. They ………bingo Wednesday afternoon. (play)
6. He …………the bus to get there. (already take)
7. Last week my rabbit ……away. (run) 8. We ……a lot last
Sunday. (do)
9. …….to India? (she ever be) 10. I ……him last Monday.
(meet)

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE am , is , are + [Link]

He goes to the park. Look, he is going to the park.

1 He goes to school. Look, he …………to school! 2 He drinks
a coffee. Look, he ………a coffee! 3 I swim every day.
Look, I ………! 4 She washes her hair. Look, she
……….her hair!
5 The cat always drinks its milk. Look, it ………its milk!
8 You write a letter. Now, you ………a letter.
9 Mother cooks in the kitchen. Right now, mother ………in the
kitchen.
11 In the afternoon we watch TV. We …………at the moment.
16 Ali writes his homework. He can’t come, he ………his
homework.
17 We can’t play tennis. It ……………(rain) now.
19 No, I …………(not listen) to my cassettes, I ……………(have) a
bath.
20 Today it ………… (not rain), the sun …………(shine).

PRESENT SIMPLE OR PROGRESSIVE

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 How to
I am + verb + ing I am playing.
form:
he, she, it is + verb + ing The bird is singing.
you, we,
are + verb + ing We are dancing.
they

Shows an action which is happening when you are talking.

Key words: look, listen, now, at the moment, still, at

present

Note: take taking no e

make making e

Run running When a short vowel is spoken →

doubling of the consonant

Sit sitting

Lie lying ie → y
Examples Look, Ann is running down the street.
:
Listen, I'm talking to you!

PRESENT TENSE

That's the way to express habits, facts, thoughts and

feelings. It is used with general statements and actions that
happen sometimes, always, usually,...

Key words: often ,always ,never ,every day, month,...

usually ,sometimes ,generally ,normally ,rarely ,seldom ,whenever on
Mondays, Tuesdays,...

NEGATION NEGATION: TO BE,

(VERNEINUNG) CAN, MUST
I, YOU + PLURAL DON’T + VERB VERB + NOT

They don’t go to They are not

They go to school.
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 school. (aren't) at home.
I don’t like We are not (isn't) at
I like oranges. oranges. school.
We don’t hate I am not (I'm not)
We hate peppermint. peppermint. hungry.
You don’t have a We can not (cannot)
You have a cold. cold. swim.

Monkeys (= They) eat Monkeys don’t eat I must not go out.

bananas. snakes.

Bob and I (= We) go Bob and I don’t go

shopping. shopping.

Jim and Carol (=They) Jim and Carol don’t

sing a song. sing a song.

HE, SHE, IT + S DOESN’T + VERB VERB + NOT

He wants an ice- He doesn’t want She is not (isn't) at

cream. an ice cream. school.

She likes hot dogs. She doesn’t like It is not (isn't)

hot dogs. hungry.

It drinks milk. It doesn’t drink He can not (can't)

milk. sing.

The dog (= It) hates The dog doesn’t

cats. hate cats.

Ann (= She) hates Ann doesn’t hate

chewing gums. chewing gum.

Bob (= He) speaks Bob doesn’t speak

English. German.
NOTE
- es after - s / - ch / -
sh
Examples: passes - watches - finishes
- ies after – y
Examples: study - studies / carry - carries
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also: do - does / go - goes / have - has

PRESENT TENSE - QUESTIONS

Form the questions. Yes, I am hungry. - Are you hungry?

1. They can dance…………………….? 2. I like good
books………………….?
3. We live in a big city……………….? 4. I can play the
guitar……………..?
5. They are cool……………………….? 6. We are pen
friends……………….?
7. The parrot eats apples………….? 8. They are
Austrian…………………?
9. Brad listens to the radio………..? 10. Elephants eat
grass…………….?

QUESTION WORDS

Fill in who, what, how, how much, how many, when,

where.

1. ………..are you? I'm okay. 2. ……….are the socks? 1 pound

50.
3. …………are my shoes? Under the bed. 4. …………stickers has
Michael got? I don't know. 5. ………is your mother? She's in
the garden. 6.………is your name? Sarah. 7. ……is you best
friend? It's Nelly. 8. ……… does George feel? Very good. 9.
…………is the time? It's ten o'clock. 10. ……….does the film
start? At 8.

QUESTION WORDS

Fill in the correct question word.

1 ……….sits next to Frank? Clara. 2 ………does the boy come
from? Maadi.
3 …….old are her children? Seven and ten. 4 …….is Peter's
birthday? In April, I think. 5 …….much is the shirt? It's twenty
pounds.

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6 ………is best at playing tennis? Bob. 7 ………are you going? To
my friends.
8 ………is an orange juice? It's fifty pence. 9 ………does the
restaurant open? At six o' clock. 10 ……….can I get some ice
cream? At the snack bar.

QUESTIONS WORDS

WHAT What is your name?

WHEN When does he come?

WHERE Where do you live?

WHY Why are you late?

WHO Who is that girl?

WHOSE Whose pen is it?

WHICH Which book do you like best?

HOW How are you?

HOW MUCH How much is the dress?

HOW MANY How many computer games

have you got?

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

who( people), whose( possessive, his our ..) or

which(things).
1 The man ……….spoke is my father.
2 The car ………..he bought last Thursday was very cheap.

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3 Tom ……….is my brother won the match.
4 The waiter ………we gave the tip was very pleased.
5 That's the man ………….house was destroyed by a tornado.
6 The man over there ………..face is dirty saved the child.
7 The chair on ……………I was sitting broke down.
8 The pupils …………he was speaking to were very noisy.
9 ……………are you speaking to?
10 The crowd ………..was very angry began to shout.

REPORTED (= INDIRECT) SPEECH

Is the reporting verb in the past form (said, told,..)you
have to change the tense.

Direct speech Indirect speech Direct Indirect

Speech speech

Present simple Past simple go went

Present Past progressive am/is/are was/were

progressive going going

Past simple Past perfect went had gone

Past Past perfect was/were had been

progressive progressive going going

Present perfect Past perfect has/have gone had gone

simple

Present perfect Past perfect has/have been had been

progressive progressive going going

Future Conditional I will go would go

Peter said: "Carol is a nice girl."

Peter said (that) Carol was a nice girl.

2. When you form the reported speech you have to pay

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attention that the pronouns refer to the correct person.

Example
Susan said: "My parents are clever scientists."
s:
Susan said (that) her parents were clever scientists.
Tom said: "I like PE best."

Tom said (that) he liked PE best.

They said: "We went swimming with our friends."
They said (that) they had gone swimming with their
friend.
Betty said: "Sam told me the truth."
Betty said (that) Sam had told her the truth.

Direct speech Indirect speech

she - her - her
She said I - my - me
He said I - my - me he - his - him
we - our - us
They said they - their -
them

You and your:

They told her / him / me / them / us: "George loves you."

They told her / him / me / them / us (that) George loved her /
him / me / them / us.
They told her / him / me / them / us: "George loves your
sister."
They told her / him / me / them / us (that) George loved her /
his / my / their / our sister.
They told her / him / me / them / us: "You are clever."
They told her / him / me / them / us (that) she / he / I / they /
we was / were clever.

3. Expressions of time and place must also be changed

Direct speech Indirect speech

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Time Now then

Today that day

Yesterday the day before

Tomorrow the next / following day

last week, month,... the previous week, month,...

next week, month,... the following week, month,...

Place Here there

This that

These those

She said: "I have already seen Carol today."

She said (that) she had already seen Carol that day.

6 "I´m going to answer the phone." Bill said (that)

…………………………….
7 "I' m not doing my homework now."The girl said (that)
………………….
8 "I always sell all my flowers." The gardener said (that)
……………………..
9 "You can help me with the dishes."Mother said (that)
…………………….
10 "I meet him every Friday." He said (that)
………………………………...
1. He said:"I'm looking forward to my holidays."He said (that)
………………
2. She said:"We had a day away at the beach."She said (that)
………………
3. He said:"My mum took us to an alligator farm."He said (that)
…………….
4. She said:"There is a big pool with lots of alligators."She said

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(that) …….
5. She said:"I don't like alligator meat."She said (that)
………………………….
6. He said:"We have never seen such a beautiful view."He said
(that) ……
7. She said:"My dad works in town."She said (that)
……………………………...
8. They told us:"We spend our holidays on a farm every year."They told us
(that) …
9. She said:"We went for a picnic."She said (that) ………………
[Link] said:"My brother came home late."He said (that) ……………
1. He told me: "We have been dancing all the time."He told me
(that) ……
2. Mum asked me: "Have you seen my daughter?"Mum asked me
…………
3. He asked me: "Who has cleaned the pool?"He asked me
…………………
4. Marilyn said: "I always eat cornflakes in the morning."Marilyn
said(that)
5. He told her: "Give up smoking!"He told her
……………………………
6. Father said: "Mum is tired now."Father said (that)
………………………
7. Phil asked me: "Were you at the party, too?"Phil asked me
……………
8. He said: "I have been waiting for you for an hour."He said
(that) ………
9. Ann asked Kate: "Did you really write this story?"Ann asked
Kate ………
[Link] asked: "Who has taken my ruler?"Tim asked ……………

SOME (positive ) OR ANY(negative & question)

SOME (somebody, something) - ANY (anybody,

anything)
We use some und any with uncountable things.

SOME: 1. In sentences you expect a positive answer and

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 demands

I bought some very nice postcards. Give me some

orange juice, please.

2. In polite questions or pleading

Would you like some more coffee? Do we have

some time to go to the cinema?

ANY: 1. In questions Have you got any blue

shoes?

2. In negations No, I haven´t got any.

3. In conditional If I had any, I would wear

clauses them.

1 I’m going to buy ……eggs. 2 They didn’t make …………

mistake.
3 I can’t pay. I haven't got …….money. 4 There aren’t ……
shops in this part of the town. 5 George and Alice haven’t got
………...children.
6 Have you got ………brother or sister? 7 There are
…….beautiful flowers in the garden. 8 Are there
……….letters for me?
9 I haven’t got ………stamps but Ann has got ……
10 Do you know ………good hotels in London?
Fill in some, any, someone, anyone, something, anything,
somewhere or anywhere.
1. She bought …………new skirts. 2. He never does
………..homework.
3. Have you ………to eat? 4. Lets go …………else.
5. I cannot hear ………… 6. I have ……….questions.
7. Do you live ……….near the city centre. 8. There isn't ……
there.

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 9. ……broke the window.10. Have you seen my key? I can't find
it ………

TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

1st form / he, she, it + s // am / is / are + verb + ing // I
they go , he goes am going
with habits and general to express when something is
statements happening at the moment
key words: always, often, key words: look, listen, now, at
usually, every, never, the moment
generally, seldom, rarely,
hardly ever, sometimes,
normally

PAST SIMPLE PAST PROGRESSIVE

2nd form // he went, they was / were + ing form / he was
played going
used to tell or talk about a past used to tell or talk about a long
action action in the past
key words: yesterday, last, key words: while, when
ago, in 1970

WILL FUTURE GOING TO FUTURE

will + 1st form ( N.: won't) // am / is / are + going to + verb

he will be, she will go
He is going to play tennis
tomorrow.
used to talk about the future used to talk about a future action
that is planned
key words: tomorrow, next key words: tomorrow, next

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

have / has + 3rd form // she have / has + been + ing
has gone form // he has been going
used when a past action started is used like the simple form but
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in the past and has just finished only with long actions
or is still happening.
key words: already, just, key words: how long, all day,
ever, never, yet, for, since for, since

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

had + 3rd form // she had had been + ing form // he had
gone been going
key words: after, before key words: how long, before,
after

4) " ……she ever …..(be) to Spain?" 5) "What ……Peter ……(do) now?"

6) Please don't make so much noise. I ……..(study).
7) Water ……..(boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
9) Now Ron ……..(phone) Jill again. It ………(be) the third time he ………
(phone) her this evening.
10) It …….(rain) now, It …….(begin) raining two hours ago. So it …..(rain)
for two hours. 11) …….you ……..(hear) from Tom.
12) " ……..it ……(rain)?" she always ……..(ask) me.
13) " ……..you ……(go) out last night."
14) New York ……….(be) one of the largest cities of the world.
15) This house ……..(cost) 35.000 pounds in 1980.
8 Last night I …….(read) a book when suddenly I ……….(hear) a scream.
9 Carol …………..(already start) her new job.
10 Last week my rabbit ……….(run) away and I ………(not find) it yet.
11 The teacher ………(write) sentences on the board while the children
……(fill) the words in the text. 13 Water ……(boil) at 100 degrees
14 What ……..Peter ………(do) at the moment. He ………..(have) a bath.
15 I ……(go) to the theatre yesterday evening.
Simple present – present progressive – simple past ??? Fill in the
correct tense.
Every summer our class ……..(go) on a short trip. Last year we ………
(go) to a zoo. Our teacher ……….(be) very nervous. Teachers ………
(be) often nervous on a school trip. But why? We ………(not
understand) that. I ………(take) lots of photos of a baby elephant.
"Why ……you ……(not take) photos of other animals, too?" my friend
……..(ask) me. But I ……….(not want) to take photos of other
animals. I ………(want) to take photos of all my friends. They ……….
(have) some bananas and …………show) them to the gorillas. "What
………you ………(do) there? Come here.", our teacher ………(shout).
We ………(find) a nice place for a picnic. But nobody …….(eat) a

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 banana. Can it be that the gorillas ……..(have) a nice lunch that day?
I ………still ……….(try) to find out..

WORD ORDER
Where do we put an adverb in an English sentence?

Yesterday Nick Bought a pair in

of skies Innsbruck
.

In Innsbruck Nick Bought a pair yesterd

of skies ay.

He Bought a pair
of skies

He Practiced hard on a ski yesterd

slope ay.

In the he always Has lessons on a ski

morning slope

After dinner he usually Meets a friend at the

park

Adverb of Subject Adverb of Predicate Object Adverb Adverb of Adverb

place, time indefinite (verb) of place of time
time manner

NOTE: If there are two adverbs of time the preciser one is

first!!

Example: He is going to have a skiing lesson at 10 a.m. on

Monday.

NOTE: A verb is sometimes two or more words! Then the adverb of

indefinite time has to be put between them:

verb 1 Adverb verb 2

I Can Never remember his name.

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 Ann doesn’t Usually smoke

Are you definitely going to the

party?

Your car Has Probably been stolen

He Has Never tried skiing

NOTE: Adverbs of indefinite time go before have to!

Example: We always have to wait a long time for the bus.

NOTE: Adverbs of indefinite time go after am, is, are, was,

were!

Example: You are never on time.

Write down the sentence into correct order.

1. is / at / Park / There / new / a / Road / cinema
2. got / my / problem / I / with / have / homework / a
3. when /a / helps / she / thinks / problem / trouble / Mary / has /
doll / her /a
4. well / think / your / very / I / don't / father / drives
5. to / we / On / a / restaurant / sometimes / Sundays / go
6. circus / went / with / we / ago / the / Two / my / to / parents /
months
7. did / very / The / trick / well / magician / his
8. after / Jim / sister / Mother / look / asked / his / to / younger
9. her / Cindy / you / I / found / Can / tell / that / have / necklace
10. way / on / bike / Mike / on / already / was / his / to / his /
school

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