SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND TARGETS
SDG 1: No Poverty (7 Targets)
Goal: End poverty in all its forms everywhere
1.1 Eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, measured as living on less than $2.15
per day (PPP, 2017 prices).
1.2 Reduce by at least 50% the proportion of people living in multidimensional poverty
according to national definitions.
1.3 Achieve universal coverage of social protection systems, including: Pensions, Health
insurance, Child benefits, Unemployment protection
1.4 Ensure 100% equal legal rights to: Land ownership, Inheritance, Financial services,
Microcredit, Natural resources
1.5 Reduce vulnerability of the poor to: Climate disasters, Economic shocks, Health crises
(Measured through disaster-related mortality and economic loss indicators).
1.a Increase Official Development Assistance (ODA) and domestic resources for poverty
eradication.
1.b Adopt poverty-sensitive fiscal, social, and economic policies.
SDG 2: Zero Hunger (8 Targets)
Goal: End hunger and malnutrition
2.1 End hunger and ensure access to sufficient food for all, measured by: Prevalence of
undernourishment → 0%, Food Insecurity Experience Scal
2.2 End malnutrition, including: Stunting → <10%, Wasting → <5%, Underweight → WHO
standards
2.3 Double productivity and incomes of small farmers (≈ 100% increase).
2.4 Ensure sustainable agriculture: Soil health, Water efficiency, Climate resilience
2.5 Preserve 100% genetic diversity of major crops and livestock.
2.a Increase public and private agricultural investment.
2.b Eliminate export subsidies and market distortions.
2.c Limit food price volatility (FAO Food Price Index stability).
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being (13 Targets)
Goal: Ensure healthy lives
3.2 Reduce maternal mortality to <70 per 100,000 births.
3.2 Reduce: Neonatal mortality → <12/1,000, Under-five mortality → <25/1,000
3.3 End: AIDS (HIV incidence → <0.1%), TB, Malaria, Hepatitis
3.4 Reduce premature NCD deaths by 33%.
3.5 Reduce substance abuse prevalence.
3.6 Reduce road deaths by 50%.
3.8 Universal reproductive health access → 100% coverage.
3.8 Achieve UHC: Coverage index ≥ 80, Financial protection ≥ 90%
3.9 Eliminate deaths from: Air pollution, Chemicals, Water contamination
3.a Reduce tobacco use to <10% prevalence.
3.b Universal vaccine access (WHO list).
3.c Health workers ≥ 4.45 per 1,000 population.
3.d Early warning systems for pandemics.
SDG 4: Quality Education (10 Targets)
4.1 100% completion of primary and secondary education.
4.2 Universal pre-primary education.
4.3 Equal tertiary access.
4.4 ≥90% youth with digital and vocational skills.
4.5 Zero gender disparity.
4.6 100% literacy and numeracy.
4.7 Education for sustainable development.
4.a Safe schools with ICT access.
4.b Scholarships expansion.
4.c ≥90% trained teachers.
SDG 5: Gender Equality (9 Targets)
5.1 Zero legal discrimination.
5.2 Zero violence prevalence.
5.3 Child marriage → <5%
5.4 Equal unpaid care burden.
5.5 ≥40% women in leadership.
5.6 100% reproductive rights.
5.a Equal property rights.
5.b Universal ICT access.
5.c Gender budgeting.
SDG 6: Water and Sanitation (8 Targets)
6.1 100% safe drinking water.
6.2 100% sanitation.
6.3 ≥75% wastewater treatment.
6.4 Water stress → <25%.
6.5 Integrated water management.
6.6 Protect wetlands.
6.a Water aid expansion.
6.b Community participation.
SDG 7: Energy (5 Targets)
7.1 100% electricity and clean cooking.
7.2 ≥30% renewable share.
7.3 Double efficiency (2% yearly).
7.a Clean energy finance.
7.b Energy infrastructure.
SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth (12 Targets)
Goal: Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth
8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth, with ≥7% annual GDP growth for least developed
countries.
8.2 Increase productivity through diversification and innovation (measured by labor
productivity growth).
8.3 Promote formalization of enterprises and MSMEs’ access to credit.
8.4 Improve global resource efficiency and decouple growth from environmental degradation.
8.5 Achieve full employment and equal pay (gender wage gap → 0%).
8.6 Reduce youth NEET rate (Not in Education, Employment, Training) to <10%.
8.7 Eliminate forced labor, child labor, and human trafficking (0% prevalence).
8.8 Protect labor rights and reduce workplace accidents to near zero.
8.9 Promote sustainable tourism (share of GDP and employment).
8.10 Expand financial inclusion to ≥80% adults banked.
8.a Increase Aid for Trade.
8.b Implement global youth employment strategies.
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (8 Targets)
Goal: Build resilient infrastructure and foster innovation
9.1 Develop universal access to transport and ICT infrastructure.
9.2 Increase manufacturing share to ≥20% of GDP.
9.3 Expand MSMEs’ access to finance and markets.
9.4 Upgrade industries for low-carbon production.
9.5 Increase R&D to ≥1.5–2% of GDP.
9.a Support infrastructure in developing countries.
9.b Promote domestic technological capacity.
9.c Achieve ≥90% broadband coverage.
SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities (10 Targets)
Goal: Reduce inequality within and among countries
10.1 Income growth of bottom 40% > national average.
10.2 Promote social, economic, and political inclusion.
10.3 Eliminate discriminatory laws (0% discriminatory policies).
10.4 Adopt redistributive fiscal policies.
10.5 Regulate financial markets.
10.6 Improve developing countries’ global representation.
10.7 Safe and regular migration.
10.a Special trade treatment for developing states.
10.b Increase development assistance.
10.c Reduce remittance costs to <3%.
SDG 11: Sustainable Cities (10 Targets)
Goal: Make cities inclusive and resilient
11.1 Eliminate slums (0% slum population).
11.2 ≥80% public transport access.
11.3 Participatory urban planning.
11.4 Protect cultural heritage.
11.5 Reduce disaster mortality to near zero.
11.6 PM2.5 ≤ 10 μg/m³ (WHO standard).
11.7 ≥15% urban green space.
11.a Urban-rural linkages.
11.b Urban disaster risk strategies.
11.c Sustainable buildings.
SDG 12: Responsible Consumption (11 Targets)
Goal: Ensure sustainable production
12.1 Implement SCP frameworks.
12.2 Efficient resource use.
12.3 Reduce food waste by 50%.
12.4 Zero hazardous waste dumping.
12.5 ≥70% recycling rate.
12.6 ≥80% firms reporting sustainability.
12.7 Sustainable public procurement.
12.8 Public awareness.
12.a Support developing states.
12.b Monitor tourism.
12.c Remove fossil fuel subsidies.
SDG 13: Climate Action (5 Targets)
Goal: Combat climate change
13.1 Reduce climate-related mortality.
13.2 Integrate climate policy.
13.3 Universal climate education.
13.a Mobilize $100 billion/year climate finance.
13.b Support vulnerable states.
SDG 14: Life Below Water (10 Targets)
Goal: Conserve oceans
14.1 Zero marine pollution.
14.2 Restore coastal ecosystems.
14.3 Reduce acidification.
14.4 End overfishing.
14.5 Protect ≥30% marine areas.
14.6 Ban harmful fishing subsidies.
14.7 Increase small-scale fisheries income.
14.a Marine research.
14.b Access for artisanal fishers.
14.c Implement UNCLOS.
SDG 15: Life on Land (12 Targets)
Goal: Protect terrestrial ecosystems
15.1 Protect forests and wetlands.
15.2 Zero net deforestation.
15.3 Restore 15% degraded land.
15.4 Protect mountain ecosystems.
15.5 Prevent species extinction.
15.6 Fair genetic resource sharing.
15.7 End wildlife trafficking.
15.8 Control invasive species.
15.9 Integrate biodiversity.
15.a Increase conservation finance.
15.b Forest management finance.
15.c Anti-poaching support.
SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Institutions (12 Targets)
Goal: Promote strong institutions
16.1 Reduce violent deaths to <2/100,000.
16.2 End child abuse.
16.3 Rule of law (case disposal ≥90%).
16.4 Reduce illicit financial flows.
16.5 Corruption Index ≥70.
16.6 Transparent institutions.
16.7 Inclusive governance.
16.8 Developing country voice.
16.9 100% legal identity.
16.10 Press freedom.
16.a Institution-building.
16.b Non-discriminatory laws.
SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals (19 Targets)
Goal: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for
Sustainable Development
SDG 17 is divided into five pillars:
Finance, Technology, Capacity-Building, Trade, and Data & Monitoring.
A. Finance (Targets 17.1–17.5)
17.1 — Domestic Resource Mobilization Strengthen domestic tax and revenue systems
to increase government revenue.
Benchmark: Tax-to-GDP ratio → ≥20% of GDP (international best practice).
17.2 — Official Development Assistance (ODA) Developed countries to implement
ODA commitments. Benchmark: 0.7% of GNI as total ODA, 0.15–0.20% of GNI to Least
Developed Countries (LDCs).
17.3 — Mobilization of Financial Resources Mobilize additional financial resources from
multiple sources. Includes: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Remittances, South–South
cooperation, Blended finance Benchmark: Sustained annual increase in development finance
flows.
17.4 — Debt Sustainability Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt
sustainability. Indicators: Debt service ≤ 20–25% of exports, Debt-to-GDP within
sustainable thresholds (≈ <60%)
17.5 — Investment Promotion Adopt investment promotion regimes for least developed
countries. Benchmark: Establishment of national investment facilitation frameworks.
B. Technology (Targets 17.6–17.8)
17.6 — Science, Technology, and Innovation Cooperation Enhance international
cooperation on STI. Benchmarks: R&D spending → ≥1.5–2% of GDP, Joint research
programs, Technology-sharing platforms
17.7 — Technology Transfer Promote access to environmentally sound
technologies. Mechanism: Preferential licensing, Concessional technology transfer,
Climate and clean-energy technologies
17.8 — Technology Bank for LDCs Operationalize Technology Bank and STI mechanism.
Benchmark: Functional Technology Bank serving all LDCs.
C. Capacity-Building (Target 17.9)
17.9 — Technical Assistance Enhance capacity-building in developing countries.
Focus Areas: Public administration, Tax systems, Planning institutions, Statistical agencies
Benchmark: Sustained increase in technical cooperation funding.
D. Trade (Targets 17.10–17.12)
17.10 — Multilateral Trading System Promote rules-based trading under WTO.
Benchmark: Full implementation of WTO agreements, Reduction in protectionism
17.11 — Increase Developing Countries’ Exports significantly increase exports of
developing countries. Benchmark: Double LDC share of global exports (from ≈1% to ≈2%).
17.12 — Duty-Free and Quota-Free Access Provide preferential market access to LDCs.
Benchmark: 100% duty-free, quota-free access, Simplified rules of origin
E. Systemic Issues: Policy and Institutional Coherence (Targets 17.13–17.19)
17.13 — Global Macroeconomic Stability Enhance policy coordination. Benchmark:
Coordinated fiscal and monetary policies, IMF–World Bank surveillance mechanisms
17.14 — Policy Coherence Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development.
Benchmark: SDGs integrated into national development plans and budgets.
17.15 — National Policy Space Respect national ownership of development strategies.
Benchmark: Alignment of donor programs with national priorities.
17.16 — Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships Enhance global partnerships. Actors:
Governments, Private sector, Civil society, UN agencies. Benchmark: Functioning public–
private partnerships.
17.17 — Effective Partnerships Encourage public, public-private, and civil society
partnerships. Benchmark: Measurable development outcomes from PPPs.
17.18 — Statistical Capacity Enhance data availability and quality. Benchmarks:
Statistical Performance Index → ≥90, Disaggregated data by: Income, Gender, Age, Disability,
Location
17.19 — Measurement Beyond GDP Develop alternative measures of progress.
Benchmarks: Use of: SDG indicators, Human Development Index, Environmental accounts,
Well-being indicators