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Work Function

The document outlines an experiment to determine the work function of a tungsten filament using a Guard Ring Diode (GRD-7) tube. It includes theoretical concepts such as types of electron emission, the Richardson-Dushman equation, and methods for calculating temperature from resistance. The procedure involves taking multiple readings, plotting a graph, and calculating the work function based on the slope of the graph.

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4 views3 pages

Work Function

The document outlines an experiment to determine the work function of a tungsten filament using a Guard Ring Diode (GRD-7) tube. It includes theoretical concepts such as types of electron emission, the Richardson-Dushman equation, and methods for calculating temperature from resistance. The procedure involves taking multiple readings, plotting a graph, and calculating the work function based on the slope of the graph.

Uploaded by

allahmuhammad7872
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

fall semester 2024

Dr. Farah Aziz PHY-2101P Lab III

Experiment: Find the Work Function of a Tungsten


filament using a Guard Ring Diode (GRD-7)
tube.
Theory
 Work function
o Definition
 Types of electron emission
o Photo electric emission
 Definition
o Field emission
 Definition
o Secondary emission GRD-7 Tube
 Definition
o Thermionic emission
 Definition
 Detailed description
 Richardson-Dushman equation
𝐼𝐴 = Anode Current
2 −
o = (original form of the law)
𝑇 = Temperature of the filament in Kelvins
We modify it to the following form
k = Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10−23 J/K
1
ln 2 = ln 𝜑 = work function in electron Volts
k
𝑒 = Charge on an electron = 1.602 × 10−19 C

y-axis
x-axis
slope

 Types of Cathodes
o Directly Heated Cathode
o Indirectly Heated Cathode 𝑅𝑓
= Resistance of the filament at temperature 𝑇(℃)
 Finding Temperature from Resistance
𝑅0 = Resistance of the filament at zero ℃
o = 0 (1 ) = 0.28 𝛺

𝛼 = Temperature coefficient of resistance


= 0.0045℃−1

𝑇 = Temperature of the filament in ℃


Dr. Farah Aziz PHY-2101P Lab III

−
So that temperature in ℃ is given as: = (℃)
Temperature in Kelvin = ( in ℃) 273
 Guard Ring Diode (GRD-7) Tube
 Procedure
Remember to write the reference/source after each
article!!
filament

Anode

Guard Rings
RingsRings

Observations and Calculations


=
0
273 1⁄
= 0 ln ( 2
)

Filament Filament Filament Filament Anode


voltage current resistance temperature Current
(V) (A) (Ω) (K) (µA) K −1

Here, = 0.0045 C−1 and 0 = 0.28 Ω.

 Take more than 10 readings.


Dr. Farah Aziz PHY-2101P Lab III

 Plot a graph between


ln ( ) (-y axis) and 1⁄ (+x axis). The graph should be a Straight line, with a negative
slope
−
 Find the slope of the Straight line using the formula i.e. = .
−
 The experimental value of the work function in eV is proportional to the slope.
 Use the formula
×
= = eV
 The expected value of the work function is around 2 eV

1⁄ (K −1 )
𝑇  Remember your graph must have
+x axis
SALT!!
ln ( 2 )
𝐼𝑎𝑛

SALT
𝑇

Scale Title
Axes Label
-y axis

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