Scribd
Upload
12 views5 pages

Excretion Notes

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of Bowman’s capsule and a series of tubules that filter blood and reabsorb useful substances. Urine formation involves filtering waste from blood, reabsorbing essential nutrients, and draining the remaining liquid waste into the collecting duct. In contrast, plants excrete waste through various methods, including gas exchange via stomata, transpiration, and storage in vacuoles or dead tissues.

Uploaded by

shubhrawal089
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views5 pages

Excretion Notes

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of Bowman’s capsule and a series of tubules that filter blood and reabsorb useful substances. Urine formation involves filtering waste from blood, reabsorbing essential nutrients, and draining the remaining liquid waste into the collecting duct. In contrast, plants excrete waste through various methods, including gas exchange via stomata, transpiration, and storage in vacuoles or dead tissues.

Uploaded by

shubhrawal089
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Structure of Nephron

 Each
kidn
ey is
mad
e up
of a
larg
e
num
ber
of
excr
etor
y
filtra
tion
units
calle
d
nep
hron
s or Structure of a nephron
urini
fero
us
tubu
les.
 Thes
e
are
cons
ider
ed
as
func
tion
al
unit
of
kidn
ey.
 Each
nep
hron
has
a
cup
shap
ed
upp
er
end,
calle
d
Bow
man
’sca
psul
e
cont
ainin
ga
bun
dle
of
capil
larie
s
calle
d
glo
mer
ulus.
Thes
e
bloo
d
capil
larie
s
arise
from
the
arter
y,
whic
h
brin
gs
wast
e
and
exce
ss
wate
r
from
bod
y to
kidn
ey.
Bow
man
’s
caps
ule
lead
s
into
tubu
lar
stru
ctur
es.
The
tubu
lar
part
s of
man
y
nep
hron
s
drai
n
into
a
com
mon
colle
ctin
g
duct
.
 The
func
tion
of
glo
mer
ulus
is to
filter
the
bloo
d
pass
ing
thro
ugh
it.
· The function of tubular part of nephron is to allow the selective reabsorption
of useful substances into the blood capillaries.
Blood having Metabolic Waste → Afferent Arteriole → Glomerulus →
Bowman’s Capsule → PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) → Loop of Henle
→ DCT (Distal Convoluted Tubule) → Collecting Duct → Ureter → Urinary
bladder → Urethra → Urine excreted out
Formation of urine: The purpose of excretion is to filter out waste products
from the blood.
1. The waste material is brought to kidneys by the renal arteries.
2. Blood is filtered, from the blood capillaries into Bowman’s capsule.
3. As this filtrate passes through the tubular parts of nephron, some useful
products, such as glucose, amino acids, salts and major amount of water are
selectively reabsorbed by blood capillaries surrounding the nephron.
4. The nephrons drain the remaining liquid waste (urine) into the collecting
duct which eventually enters a long tube, the ureter. Human urine contains
water and nitrogenous substances, most of which is urea.
From the ureter, urine passes into the urinary bladder. Urine is stored in the
urinary bladder until the pressure of the expanded bladder leads to the urge to
pass it out through the urethra. The bladder is muscular, so it is under nervous
control. As a result, we can usually control the urge to urinate.
EXCRETION IN PLANTS
Plants use completely different strategies for excretion than those of animals.
Some of the important plant wastes and the methods by which they are
removed are as follows :
1. The gaseous waste products are CO and O produced as a result of
2 2

respiration and photosynthesis respectively. These gaseous wastes are


removed through stomata in leaves and lenticels in stem and released in
air.
2. Plants get rid of excess water by the process of transpiration .
For other solid and liquid waste, plants use the fact that many of their tissues
consist of dead cells and that they can even lose some parts such as leaves.
3. Many plants waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles .
4. Some waste products are removed along with falling leaves and other plant
parts.
5. Other waste products are stored as resins and gums in old Xylem
tissue .
6. Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.

You might also like