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Hospital Management System: Code &
Logic Documentation
1. Project Overview
Title: Hospital Management System
Technologies: Python (Frontend/Logic), MySQL (Backend/Database)
Objective: To automate hospital operations such as staff administration (doctors, nurses) and
patient management (admissions, discharges).
2. Database & Program Interaction
This section explains how the Python script interacts with the MySQL database during
runtime.
What happens to the Database?
1. Persistent Storage: The database acts as the hard drive for your application. When you
turn off the Python program, the data (patient records, staff details) remains saved in
MySQL.
2. Initialization: Upon the first run, the code checks if the database my hospitals exists. If
not, it creates it along with the necessary tables (patient details, doctor details, nurse
details, etc.).
3. Real-time Updates:
○ INSERT: When a new patient is admitted, a new row is immediately added to the
patient details table.
○ SELECT: When you view records, the program fetches live data from the hard drive.
○ DELETE: When a patient is discharged, their row is permanently removed from the
active table.
What happens to the Program?
1. The Loop: The program runs inside a while True loop, meaning it acts as a continuous
application that only stops when the user explicitly selects "Exit".
2. Session Management: It maintains a simple session. First, you must authenticate (Sign
In). Once authenticated, the program grants access to the inner "Main Menu"
(Administration/Patient).
3. Logic Flow: The program waits for numeric input (1, 2, 3...) to decide which block of code
to execute next (e.g., if you press 1, it jumps to the Administration logic).
3. Line-by-Line Code Explanation
Part A: Importing Libraries & Connection
Python
import [Link]
mysql = [Link](host="localhost", user="root", password="jagadeesh@2002",
database="my hospitals")
mycursor = [Link]()
● import [Link]: Imports the external library that allows Python to "speak" to
MySQL.
● mysql = ...: Establishes the tunnel (connection) between your Python code and the
database server. It uses the credentials (User: root, Password: jagadeesh@2002).
● mycursor: Creates a control object (cursor). Think of this as the "mouse" that clicks and
executes SQL commands inside the database.
Part B: Database Initialization
Python
[Link]("create database if not exists my hospitals")
[Link]("use my hospitals")
[Link]("create table if not exists patient details(puid int(30), name varchar(30), age
int(30), address varchar(30), doctor_recommended varchar(30))")
● [Link](...): This command sends the SQL string inside the brackets to the
database engine.
● if not exists: A safety check. It ensures the program doesn't crash if the database or
tables were already created in a previous run.
● create table...: Defines the structure of the data. For example, patient details will hold
columns for ID, name, age, address, and doctor.
Part C: The Authentication Loop (Sign In / Sign Up)
Python
while(True):
print("1. SIGN IN")
print("2. SIGN UP")
r = int(input("Enter your choice:"))
● while(True):: Starts an infinite loop so the program keeps running.
● r = int(input(...)): Asks the user for a number (1 or 2) and converts the text input into an
integer.
If Registering (Sign Up):
Python
if r == 2:
u = input("ENTER USERNAME:")
p = input("ENTER PASSWORD:")
[Link]("insert into user_data values('"+u+"','"+p+"')")
[Link]()
● input(...): Collects the new username and password.
● insert into...: Adds these credentials to the user_data table.
● [Link](): CRITICAL STEP. This saves the changes to the hard drive. Without this,
the new user would disappear once the program closes.
If Logging In (Sign In):
Python
elif r == 1:
un = input("ENTER USERNAME:")
ps = input("ENTER PASSWORD:")
[Link]("select password from user_data where username='"+un+"'")
row = [Link]()
● select password...: Searches the database for the password belonging to the username
un.
● fetchall(): Retrieves the result of the search.
Part D: The Main Menu (After Login)
Once logged in, the user enters a second while loop (The Dashboard).
1. Administration Module (Staff Management)
Python
if a == 1: # User selected Administration
# (Sub-menu asking to View, Add, or Delete staff)
# Example: Adding a Doctor
if b == 2:
name = input("Enter Name:")
# ... (inputs for age, department, salary) ...
[Link]("insert into doctor details values(...)")
[Link]()
● Logic: This block handles CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) for staff
members. It collects standard inputs (strings and integers) and pushes them to the
doctor details or nurse details tables.
2. Patient Module (Admissions & Discharge)
Python
elif a == 2: # User selected Patient
print("1. SHOW PATIENT DETAILS")
print("2. ADD NEW PATIENT")
print("3. DISCHARGE PATIENT")
● View Patients:
Python
[Link]("select * from patient details")
row = [Link]()
for i in row:
print(i)
○ Fetches all rows from the patient table and prints them one by one.
● Discharge (Delete) Patient:
Python
name = input("ENTER THE PATIENT NAME:")
# ... (Code displays patient details first) ...
pay = input("HAS HE/SHE PAID ALL THE BILLS? (y/n):")
if pay == "y":
[Link]("delete from patient details where name='"+name+"'")
[Link]()
○ Logic: The system uses the patient's name to find them.
○ Verification: It enforces a business rule—the patient cannot be deleted (discharged)
until the user confirms bills are paid.
○ delete from...: Permanently removes the patient's row from the database.
Part E: Exit
Python
elif a == 3:
break
● break: Terminates the inner loop, logging the user out or closing the program depending
on the structure.