Introduction to
Image Processing
and Image
Classification
SHALINI S
Image Processing
Image processing is a way to work with pictures using a
computer to make them better or to get useful
information from them.
The input can be a photo, video frame, or any image,
and the output can be a new improved image or details
about the image.
Computers change or analyze the image using different
methods.
It is used in many areas like hospitals (for medical
scans), satellites (to study Earth), security cameras,
factories (to check products), and more.
Image Classification
Image classification is the process of training a
computer to recognize and categorize images into
predefined classes or labels.
For example:
1. An AI model can look at an image and classify it as
“cat”, “dog”, or “bird.
2. ”In medical imaging, it might classify X-ray images as
“normal” or “pneumonia.”
Step by Step Process Of Image Classification
Pre-processing:
This is the first step where we improve the
quality of images. We remove unwanted
defects like noise or blurriness and highlight
important parts of the image. This makes it
easier for the AI to understand and work with
the image.
Object Detection:
Data Cleaning:
Here, the AI finds where objects are in an
Sometimes images may have errors,
image. For example, in a photo of a room, it
missing information, or irrelevant details.
can locate chairs, tables, or lamps. This
Cleaning the data means fixing these
involves segmenting the image and marking
problems so that the AI model learns
the location of each object.
correctly. If the data is wrong, the model’s
predictions will also be wrong.
Step by Step Process Of Image Classification
Object Recognition and Training:
After detecting objects, we label them. Deep
learning algorithms then study these labeled
images to recognize patterns and features
unique to each object. The AI learns from this
training data and improves over time.
Connecting to an AI Workflow:
Object Classification:
Finally, the trained AI model is connected to
Once trained, the model can now classify
a workflow. This tells the system where new
images automatically. For example, it can
images come from (input) and what to do
identify different types of clothes, fruits, or
with them (output). For example, new
animals based on what it learned during
product images could automatically be
training.
classified and added to a Google Sheet.
Types Of Image Classification
Binary Classification
In this type, the image is divided into only
two groups or classes.
The AI model decides if the image belongs
to Class 1 or Class 2.
Example: checking if an image is of a cat or
dog, or if a leaf is healthy or diseased..
Multi-label Classification
Multi-class Classification
In this type, one image can have more than one
Here, the image can belong to only one
label at the same time.
class, but there are many possible classes.
The AI model checks for all possible objects in the
The AI model looks at the image and picks
picture, not just one. It is useful when images
the single best label from several options.
contain multiple objects together.
Example: classifying an image as cat, dog, or
Example: an image showing both a cat and a
bird.
dog should be labeled as cat and dog.
Advantages
Improves image quality by removing noise
and enhancing details.
Helps computers understand and recognize
images automatically.
Saves time and reduces manual work.
Provides fast and accurate results once
trained.
Useful in health, security, agriculture, and
many other fields.
Disadvantages
Requires large datasets for training.
Needs powerful computers and more storage.
Accuracy drops if images are blurry or
unclear.
Similar-looking objects can confuse the
system.
Applications
Medical: X-rays, MRI, disease detection.
Agriculture: Crop disease detection, plant
identification.
Security: Face recognition, CCTV monitoring.
Self-driving cars: Detect people, roads, and
traffic signs.
Social media: Automatic tagging and
organizing images.
Industry: Product checking and quality
control.
Thank You!!