10/29/25, 10:22 PM Chapter 3: Rotation and Revolution | Solutions for Goyal Brothers Prakashan Geography by Veena Bhargava Class

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CONTENTS
Search by lesson title Chapter 3
Rotation and Revolution
Answer the following questions
Chapter 1 Define the following
Earth as a Planet
Class 9 - Veena Bhargava Geography Solutions Distinguish between the
following pairs
Chapter 2
Latitudes and Longitudes Give reasons for the following

Diagrams
Self Practice
Self Practice Questions
Answer the following questions Choose the correct answer

Questions on Critical thinking

Chapter 3
Rotation and Revolution Analytical questions

Chapter 4
Earth's Structure
Question 1
Chapter 5
Landforms of the Earth
What is meant by the inclination of the
Chapter 6
Rocks and Rock Cycle
Earth's Axis?
Chapter 7
Volcanoes

Chapter 8
Answer
Earthquakes

Chapter 9
Weathering and Denudation The axis on which earth rotates makes an
Chapter 10
Tides and Ocean Currents
angle of 66 1⁄2° with the plane of ecliptic and
Chapter 11
Composition and Structure of the
is tilted 23 1⁄2° from a line perpendicular to
Atmosphere
that plane. This tilt of earth is called
Chapter 12
Insolation
inclination of the Earth's Axis.
Chapter 13
Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

Chapter 14
Humidity
Question 2
Chapter 15
Pollution — Types and Sources
Name an effect of the Earth's rotation.
Chapter 16
Effects of Pollution

Chapter 17
Answer
Pollution — Preventive Measures

Chapter 18
Natural Regions of the World Occurrence of day and night is an effect of
Annexure VII
Specimen Paper
the Earth's rotation.

Question 3

State two effects of West to East rotation of

the Earth.

Answer

Two effects of West to East rotation of the

Earth are:
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1. It determines the direction in which the

Sun, Moon and stars appear to rise and
set.
2. Ocean currents and winds are deflected
towards right in the Northern
Hemisphere and towards the left in the
Southern Hemisphere. This is called
Coriolis Effect.

Question 4

What causes slight flattening of the Earth at

two Poles?

Answer

The earth rotates about its axis and

experiences a centrifugal force which cause
a bulge at equator. To balance this bulge
there is slight flattening of the Earth at two
Poles.

Question 5

What is meant by the Revolution of the

Earth? What are its effects?

Answer

The motion of the earth along its elliptical

orbit around the Sun in approximately 365
1/4 days (365.25 days) is termed as
Revolution.

The effects of revolution are as follows:

1. Occurrence of different seasons.

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2. It causes Spring and Autumn

Equinoxes.
3. It causes Summer and Winter Solstice.
4. Changing altitude of the mid-day sun at
different times of the year.

Question 6

Explain the meaning of the terms 'Solstice'

and 'Equinox'.

Answer

The term 'Solstice' means an event

occurring when the Sun appears to reach its
most northerly or southerly excursion relative
to the celestial equator on the celestial
sphere. It occurs on June 21 (Summer
Solstice) and December 22 (Winter
Solstice).

The time when the Sun crosses the plane of

the Earth's Equator making length of the day
equal to length of night all over the earth, is
known as 'Equinox'. It occurs on March 21
and September 23.

Question 7

What causes the formation of day and night?

Explain with the help of a neat diagram.

Answer

The formation of the day and night is due to

rotation of earth. While rotating, the part of

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earth facing the Sun has day and the other

part has night. The Circle of Illumination is
the imaginary line which shows clear
demarcation between the phenomena of day
and night on the Earth.

Question 8

When do Summer Solstice and Winter

Solstice occur? How do they occur?

Answer

The Summer Solstice occurs on June 21. It

occurs when the Sun appears directly
overhead Tropic of Cancer in the Northern
Hemisphere.

The Winter Solstice occurs on December

22. It occurs when the Sun appears directly
overhead Tropic of Capricorn in the
Southern Hemisphere. The Solstice occurs
due to combined effect of revolution and
inclination of Earth.

Question 9

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Which is the longest day in the Southern

Hemisphere?

Answer

The Winter Solstice (December 22) is the

longest day in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 10

Which is the longest day in the Northern

Hemisphere?

Answer

The Summer Solstice (June 21) is the

longest day in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 11

Name the path along which the Earth travels

when moving round the Sun. How long does
this movement take place?

Answer

The path along which the Earth travels when

moving round the Sun is called the orbit of
earth. One complete revolution of the Earth
takes approximately 365 1/4 days.

Question 12

On what date does the Arctic Circle

experience 'Midnight Sun'?

Answer

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The Arctic Circle experience 'Midnight Sun'

on June 21.

Question 13

What is a Leap Year?

Answer

One complete revolution of earth takes 365

1/4 days. Every four years, the extra 1/4 day
makes a complete day and the next year has
366 days. The year with 366 days instead of
365 days is called leap year and it comes
after every four years.

Question 14

Give the dates when days and nights are of

equal duration on the Equator.

Answer

The dates when days and nights are of equal

duration on the Equator are March 21 and
September 23.

Question 15

Explain with the help of a diagram, the part

played by the inclination of Earth's axis in
causing day and night of varying duration,
except at the Equator.

Answer

The effect of the inclined axis on the

duration of day and night is that their duration

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differs as shown in the diagram below:

1. At the Equator, place C would be at

position C' after 12 hours.
Distance CO = Distance OC'
∴ Length of day = Length of night.
2. On the Tropic of Cancer place B will be
at B' after 12 hours.
But distance BX is greater than B'X.
∴ Days are longer than nights.
3. On the Arctic Circle place A will be at
position A' after 12 hours. AA' remains
in continuous light in summer for six
months.
∴ Day of 24 hours near the North Pole in
summer.
4. Place D on the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere will be at
position D' after 12 hours.
Distance DY (in light) is less than the
distance D'Y (in darkness)
∴ Days are shorter than nights.

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5. Place E on the Antarctic Circle remains

in continuous darkness in winter.
∴ Night for 24 hours near the South Pole
in winter for six months.

Question 16

What do you mean by the Sidereal Day?

Answer

The period of Rotation of the earth is 23 hr,

56 minutes, 4.09 sec. This period is termed
as the Sidereal Day.

Question 17

What is Perihelion? Mention the date of this

phenomenon.

Answer

The Earth is said to be in perihelion when the

distance between the Sun and the Earth is
least or about 147 million km. The date of
this phenomenon is 3rd January.

Question 18

Why does the speed of Earth’s revolution

vary?

Answer

The speed of Earth’s revolution varies

according to the change in its distance from
the Sun. The velocity is greatest at
Perihelion and least at Aphelion. This

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variation in speed is due to effect of

gravitational pull of the Sun.

Question 19

State the effect of speed of Earth's rotation.

Answer

Following are the effects of speed of Earth's

rotation:

1. All moving bodies on the Earth's

surface, i.e. ocean currents and winds
are deflected towards the right in the
Northern Hemisphere and left in
Southern Hemisphere.
2. Cyclones and anti-cyclones are
deflected causing atmospheric
changes.
3. It affects the pressure belts and
movement of air on the surface of earth.
4. The bulging of the air at the Equator and
flattening at the poles is also due to
rotation.

Question 20

State any two special features of Summer

Solstice.

Answer

Two special features of Summer Solstice

are:

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1. Daylight lasts for the entire 24 hours

beyond the Arctic Circle towards the
North Pole.
2. The length of day increases with
increasing latitude North of the equator.

Question 21

What are two motions of the Earth?

Answer

The two motions of the Earth are rotation

and revolution.

Question 22

What is an orbit?

Answer

A definite path or a curved trajectory in which

a planet revolves around the Sun is called its
orbit.

Question 23

What is meant by the 'inclination of the

Earth'?

Answer

The axis on which the Earth rotates is tilted

and makes an angle of 23 1⁄2° with the orbital
plane. This is known as 'inclination of the
Earth'.

Question 24

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State two effects of West to East rotation of

the Earth.

Answer

Two effects of West to East rotation of the

Earth are:

1. The rotation of earth from West to East

determines the direction in which the
Sun, Moon and stars appear to rise and
set.
2. Ocean currents and winds are deflected
towards right in the Northern
Hemisphere and towards the left in the
Southern Hemisphere. This is called
Coriolis Effect.

Question 25

Explain the term 'Equinox'. When does it

occur?

Answer

The time when the Sun crosses the plane of

the Earth's Equator making length of the day
equal to length of night all over the earth, is
known as 'Equinox'. It occurs on March 21
and September 23.
Define the following

Question 1

Earth’s Axis

Answer

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The axis on which the Earth rotates is called

Earth's axis.

Question 2

Plane of Ecliptic

Answer

The orbital plane of Earth around the Sun is

called Plane of Ecliptic.

Question 3

Perihelion

Answer

The Earth is said to be in perihelion when the

distance between the Sun and the Earth is
least or about 147 million km. It occurs on
3rd January.

Question 4

Aphelion

Answer

The Earth is said to be in aphelion when the

distance between the Sun and the Earth is
maximum or about 152 million km. It occurs
on July 4.

Question 5

Ferrell’s Law

Answer

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All the moving bodies on the Earth's surface

like ocean currents and winds are deflected
towards the right in the Northern Hemisphere
and left in the Southern Hemisphere due to
Coriolis Force created because of the
rotation of Earth. This is called Ferrell’s Law.

Question 6

Rotation

Answer

The movement of earth on its own axis is

called Rotation.
Distinguish between the following
pairs

Question 1

Solstice and Equinox

Answer

S.
Solstice Equinox
No.

The days
The days when
when the Sun
the Sun shines
shines directly
directly overhead
1. overhead at
at the Tropics
the Equator
are said to be
are said to be
Solstice.
Equinox.

2. The days are The length of

longest on day and night

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S.
Solstice Equinox
No.

Summer are equal.

Solstice in
Northern
Hemisphere and
on Winter
Solstice in
Southern
Hemisphere.

The Spring
The Summer
Equinox is on
Solstice is on
March 21 and
June 21 and the
3. the Autumn
Winter Solstice
Equinox is on
is on December
September
21.
23.

Question 2

Perihelion and Aphelion

Answer

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S.
Perihelion Aphelion
No.

The Earth is
The Earth is
said to be in
said to be in
aphelion when
perihelion when
the distance
1. the distance
between the
between the
Sun and the
Sun and the
Earth is
Earth is least.
maximum.

Distance Distance
between the between the
2. Sun and the Sun and the
Earth is 147 Earth is 152
million km. million km.

It occurs on It occurs on
3.
January 3. July 4.

Question 3

Rotation and Revolution

Answer

S.
Rotation Revolution
No.

It is the It is the
movement of movement of
1.
the earth on its the earth
own axis. around the sun.

2. The period of The period of

rotation is 23 hr revolution is
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S.
Rotation Revolution
No.

56 min 4.09 365 1/4 days.

sec.

It causes It causes
3. occurrence of occurrence of
day and night. seasons.

It results in
It results in
apparent
variation in
4. movement of
length of day
the celestial
and night.
bodies.

Question 4

Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox

Answer

Sl. Spring Autumn

No. Equinox Equinox

It occurs on
It occurs on September 22
1.
March 21. or 23(in leap
years).

After spring After Autumn

Equinox the Equinox the Sun
2.
Sun appears appears to
to move North. move south.
Give reasons for the following

Question 1
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Altitude of the Sun varies at a place

according to seasons.

Answer

Altitude of the Sun varies at a place

according to seasons because when the
Sun is overhead the Tropic of Cancer, the
northern hemisphere experiences summer
season and the southern hemisphere
experiences winter season. When the Sun is
overhead the Tropic of Capricorn, the
northern hemisphere experiences winter
season while the southern hemisphere
experiences summer season.

Question 2

Seasons are reversed in Northern and

Southern Hemisphere.

Answer

Seasons are reversed in Northern and

Southern Hemisphere because of inclination
the Earth's axis. Because of its tilted position
each hemisphere is inclined alternatively
towards the Sun. The hemisphere that is
near the Sun has summer and the
hemisphere that is away from the Sun has
winter.

Question 3

Days and nights are equal at all places on

the Earth on March 21.

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Answer

Days and nights are equal at all places on

the Earth on March 21 because the Sun is
overhead at noon along the Equator. At this
position, neither of the poles is tilted towards
the sun.

Question 4

Winds get deflected from their normal path.

Answer

Winds get deflected from their normal path

because of the rotational movement of the
Earth (Coriolis Effect). In Southern
hemisphere the deflection is to the left while
in Northern hemisphere the deflection is
towards right.

Question 5

The region beyond Arctic Circle is known as

the 'Land of Midnight Sun'.

Answer

At the Arctic Circle (66 1⁄2°) during summer

on June 21 the Sun never sets in mid-
summer and there is daylight for 24 hours as
North Pole is inclined towards the Sun.
Therefore this region is known as the 'Land
of Midnight Sun'.

Question 6

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The speed of rotation at Singapore is much

faster than that at Tokyo or Russia.

Answer

Singapore is situated near the Equator and

Tokyo and Russia are situated on higher
latitudes. The speed of rotation at Singapore
is much faster than that at Tokyo or Russia
because as the latitude increases the speed
of rotation decreases.

Question 7

Mid-day Sun can be seen overhead in

Chennai twice a year, but not even once in
Delhi. Why?

Answer

Mid-day Sun can be seen overhead in

Chennai twice a year, but not even once in
Delhi because Delhi lies to the north of
Tropic of Cancer which is the northern most
limit of overhead Sun. Sun rays are never
vertical beyond the tropics.

On the other hand, Chennai has overhead

Sun when the Sun moves northwards from
the equator and when the Sun moves
southwards towards the equator, as it lies
within the tropical region.

Question 8

The Poles experience six-month day and

six-month night.
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Answer

The Poles experience six-month day and

six-month night due to the inclination of the
earth's axis. Because of its tilted position,
each pole is inclined alternatively towards
the Sun for six months resulting in
continuous day and night, which last for 6
months.

Question 9

Noon is hotter than morning.

Answer

Noon is hotter than morning because

slanting rays of the sun are received in the
morning. At noon, direct rays of the sun are
received. Since slanting rays of the sun
need to cover more distance than direct
rays, they lose more heat.

Question 10

The variation in the lengths of day and night

goes on increasing towards Poles.

Answer

The variation in the lengths of day and night

goes on increasing towards Poles because
of the tilted axis of the Earth. As the latitude
increases the variation in the lengths of night
and days increases and finally at poles,
there is continuous day or night for 6
months.
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Question 11

The Sun is never overhead beyond the

Tropics.

Answer

The Tropic of Cancer in the Northern

Hemisphere and Tropic of Capricorn in the
Southern Hemisphere mark the limit of
overhead sun. Beyond the Tropics, the Earth
only receives slanting rays of the Sun
because of the inclination of the Earth.
Therefore the Sun is never overhead beyond
the Tropics.

Question 12

The regions, near North Pole and South

Pole, have six months of continuous day-
light and darkness.

Answer

The Poles experience six-month day and

six-month night due to the inclination of the
earth's axis. Because of its tilted position
each pole is inclined alternatively towards
the Sun for six months resulting in
continuous day and night.
Diagrams

Question 1

Draw a labelled, self-explanatory diagram of

the Summer Solstice in the Northern
Hemisphere.
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Answer

Below diagram shows Summer Solstice in

the Northern Hemisphere:

Question 2

Draw a diagram of the position of the Earth

on December 22. Draw and name the
Equator, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.

Answer

Below diagram shows the position of the

Earth on December 22 with Equator, Arctic
Circle, and Antarctic Circle labelled:

Question 3
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Draw a neat sketch to show the phenomenon

of day and night.

Answer

Below diagram shows the phenomenon of

day and night:

Question 4

With the help of a diagram show how the tilt

of the Earth's axis and the revolution causes
(i) seasons, (ii) variation in the length of day
and night.

Answer

Below diagram shows the tilt of the Earth's

axis and the revolution causing seasons and
variation in the length of day and night:

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Question 5

Draw self-explanatory diagram of Perihelion

and Aphelion.

Answer

Below diagram shows Perihelion and

Aphelion:

Choose the correct answer

Question 1

The Earth rotates on its axis from

1. East to west
2. West to east
3. North to south

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4. South to north

Answer

West to east

Question 2

Earth revolves around the sun on an

............... path.

1. Oval
2. Circular
3. Elliptical
4. Spherical

Answer

Elliptical

Question 3

One Sidereal Day is equal to ...............

1. 12 hours
2. 23 hr 56 minutes 4.09 sec
3. 8 hours
4. 14 hours

Answer

23 hr 56 minutes 4.09 sec

Question 4

Which of the following statements related to

the coriolis force is correct?

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1. Coriolis force deflects the winds to their

left in Northern Hemisphere & right in
Southern Hemisphere.
2. Coriolis effect is maximum in the
Equator & least in Poles.
3. Coriolis force is generated due to
earth’s rotation.
4. All of the above.

Answer

Coriolis force is generated due to earth’s

rotation.

Question 5

Which of the following dates is known as

Summer Solstice in Northern Hemisphere?

1. 22nd July
2. 21st June
3. 22nd December
4. 23rd September

Answer

21st June

Question 6

Which of the following dates is known as

Winter Solstice in Northern Hemisphere?

1. 22nd July
2. 21st June
3. 22nd December

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4. 23rd September

Answer

22nd December

Question 7

Which of the following dates is known as

Autumnal Equinox in Northern Hemisphere?

1. 22nd July
2. 21st June
3. 22nd December
4. 23rd September

Answer

23rd September

Question 8

On which of the following dates Sun gives

vertical ray on the Tropic of Capricorn?

1. 22nd July
2. 21st June
3. 22nd December
4. 23rd September

Answer

22nd December

Question 9

On which of the following dates is the day &

night equal?

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1. 22nd July
2. 21st June
3. 22nd December
4. 23rd September

Answer

23rd September

Question 10

Which of the following country is known as

'the land of Midnight Sun'?

1. Sweden
2. Iceland
3. Germany
4. Norway

Answer

Norway

Question 11

When earth is at its farthest point from the

Sun, it is said to be,

1. Perihelion
2. Aphelion
3. Perigee
4. Apogee

Answer

Aphelion

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Question 12

Identify the phenomena in Northern

Hemisphere in this picture.

1. Summer solstice
2. Winter Solstice
3. Autumnal Equinox
4. Vernal Equinox

Answer

Winter Solstice
Questions on Critical thinking

Question 1

Aarya and Alivia are the two cousin sisters.

Aarya stays in India and Alivia stays in
Australia. In her winter vacation Aarya plans
to visit Alivia's home in Australia but Alivia
asked her not to pack any winter garment
with her as it is hot in her place.

As a student of Geography what can be the

reason for such difference in temperature

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between India and Australia at the same time

of the year?

Answer

As Australia lies in the Southern

Hemisphere, the Sun is overhead on the
Tropic of Capricorn during this time. So it is
hot in Australia. But India is in Northern
hemisphere, which is tilted away from the
Sun. Due to the inclination of earth's axis,
opposite seasons occur in the two countries
Australia and India, which lie in different
hemispheres.

Question 2

Sirin and her friends were discussing about

the celebration of their birthday. Sirin told that
she celebrated her birthday once every 4
years and she was sad about that.
Everybody got surprised to hear that.

Why Sirin celebrates her birthday once every

four years?

Answer

Sirin was born on 29th February, a date that

only appears in a leap year, which occurs
every four years. That's why she gets to
celebrate her actual birthday only in leap
years like 2016, 2020, 2024, and 2028.
Analytical questions

Question 1

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Assertion (A): All the moving bodies like

oceans and winds are deflected towards the
right in Northern Hemisphere and towards
left in Southern Hemisphere.

Reason (R): Earth is revolving round the sun

in its elliptical orbit.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true and R is not the
correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

Both A and R are true and R is not the

correct explanation of A.

Explanation — All the moving bodies like

oceans and winds are deflected towards the
right in the Northern Hemisphere and
towards left in the Southern Hemisphere due
to Coriolis Force created because of the
rotation of the Earth. This is called Ferrell's
Law.

Question 2

Assertion (A): 21st June is the longest day

in Northern Hemisphere.

Reason (R): Sun provides vertical ray on

Tropic of Cancer.

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1. Both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true and R is not the
correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.

Explanation — 21st June is the longest day

in Northern Hemisphere as the sun provides
vertical rays on the Tropic of Cancer on this
date. This is termed as the Summer
Solstice.
Prev Next
Self Practice Questions Earth's Structure

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