JEZELLE (SLIDE 1-13)

(SLIDE 1) Hello and welcome to this video lecture on related rates. My name is Jezelle and I
will be one of the presenters for today. In this lecture, we will be discussing related rates and
how to solve word problems involving the pythagorean theorem, volume, and surface area of
spheres, conical tanks, shadows, etc.

(SLIDE 2) So what are related rates?

(SLIDE 3) Related rates problems involve analysing how the rates of two different quantities
are related to each other. These types of problems require determining the rate at which one
quantity is changing by using information about the rate of change of another quantity that
may be easier to measure or understand. To solve these problems, an equation is needed
that expresses the relationship between the two quantities, and then both sides of the
equation are differentiated with respect to time using the Chain Rule.

(SLIDE 4) When solving a problem that involves related rates, there are several steps to
follow. First, assign symbols to all the quantities given in the problem as well as the
quantities that need to be determined. If possible, sketch a diagram and label these
quantities. Next, create an equation that relates the variables involved and their rates of
change, whether they are given or need to be determined. Using the Chain Rule,
differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to time. Then, substitute any known
values for the variables and their rates of change into the resulting equation. Finally, solve
for the rate of change that is needed.

(SLIDE 5) For our next segment, let us solve this problem involving the pythagorean
theorem together. A plane is flying directly away from you at 500 mph at an altitude of 3
miles. How fast is the plane's distance from you increasing at the moment when the plane is
flying over a point on the ground 4 miles from you?

(SLIDE 6) Let us begin by picturing out the problem first.

(SLIDE 7) Let x be the distance from you to the point where the plane is flying above, y the
distance from plane to the point directly below the plane, and z the distance from you to the
plane or the hypotenuse.

(SLIDE 8) We can then make a list of the given quantities and label them. X is equal to 4
miles and Y is 3 miles. dx/dt is 500 mph and dz/dt, which refers to the rate at which the
plane’s distance from you is increasing which when x is 4 miles, is currently unknown.

(SLIDE 9) In this problem, we make use of the Pythagorean Theorem where z is the
hypotenuse.

(SLIDE 10) We can then proceed to differentiate the formula to be used with respect to t.

(SLIDE 11) Which gives us 𝒙 𝒅𝒙/𝒅𝒕 + 𝒚 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒕 = 𝒛 𝒅𝒛/𝒅t

(SLIDE 12) From this point, we can now substitute the variables with their respectives
quantities. We must first find the value of “z” and to do that, use the original formula and
substitute. So instead of x^2 + y^2 = z^2, it is now 4^2 + 3^2 = z^2. From this, we can
arrive at the conclusion that y is equal to 5.

Now that we’ve found the value of y, we can now substitute the variables in the differentiated
formula. Our new equation is now (4)(500) + (3)(0) = (5) dz/dt. Now you may be wondering
as to why dy/dt is equal to 0. This is because the person is not changing heights or altitude
and thus, the rate remains to be zero. Going back to the equation, as you can see, dz/dt is
equal to 400.

(SLIDE 13) Therefore, the final answer to this problem is that the plane is moving at 400
mph when it is flying over a point on the ground 4 miles away from me.

KENDRA (SLIDE 14-30)

(SLIDE 14) Here is another problem involving the pythagorean theorem that we can practise
on. A 10 ft ladder is falling down a wall. At one instant the base of the ladder is 8 ft from the
wall, and continues to slide outwards at a rate of 4 ft/s. At what rate is the height, which in
this case refers to the distance from the top of the ladder on the wall to the ground,
decreasing?

(SLIDE 15) First is to make a list of the given quantities and label them. X is equal to 8 ft.
and Z is 3 ft. As you may have noticed, the value unknown is now y instead of z. Regardless,
we use the same formulas as basis.

(SLIDE 16) We then manipulate the equations to find what we are asked for before we

differentiated formula, we use 𝒚 𝒅𝒚/𝒅𝒕 = 𝒛 𝒅𝒛/𝒅𝒕 − 𝒙 𝒅𝒙/𝒅t since we are aiming to find
substitute the variables with their respective values. Instead of using the previous

the value of dy/dt.

(SLIDE 17) After the process of substitution and solving, we arrive at the conclusion that the
height of the ladder is decreasing at a rate of -16/3 ft. per second.

(SLIDE 18) Now that we’ve covered the basics of solving for related rates and how to solve
word problems involving pythagorean theorems, we're ready to take our understanding of
this topic to the next level by introducing word problems involving the volumes and surface
area of spheres, tanks, and shadows.

(SLIDE 19) The first problem we will be tackling will involve a sphere.

(SLIDE 20) To get a sense of what we'll be covering, let's take a look at an example. A
spherical balloon is being filled with air at the constant rate of 2cm^3/sec. How fast is the
radius increasing when the radius is 3 centimetres? In order to solve this problem, we'll
need to use the techniques we previously learned. The first step is to assign labels to the
given quantities in the problem. We have 2cm^3/sec as the dV/dt and 3 cm as our radius.

(SLIDE 21) Next, we must determine what is asked. In this case, it is the rate on how fast the
radius is increasing which we can label as dr/dt.

(SLIDE 22) Then, we execute the second step which is to write an equation involving the

make use of the formula V= 4/3 𝜋𝑟^3 as the problem involves the volume of a sphere. We
variables whose rates of change are either given or are to be determined. In this case, we

can then proceed to differentiate the formula which gives us 𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡=4𝜋𝑟^2(𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝑡).

the same to “r” using chain rule. Finally, we keep 4/3 and 𝜋 as they are constants.
(SLIDE 23) To differentiate the formula, we first differentiate V with respect to t. Then, we do

equal to 1/18𝜋.
(SLIDE 24) We may now plug our given values to arrive at our final answer which is dr/dt is

𝟏/𝟏𝟖𝝅 cm^2/s.
(SLIDE 25) To answer the question of our problem, the radius is increasing at a rate of

(SLIDE 26) Alright, let's move on to our next word problem about spheres. This one's a little
bit trickier, so make sure you're paying attention. Instead of solving for the volume, we are
asked to solve for the surface area when the volume of the sphere increases at the rate of
10 cm^3/min and the given radius is 9cm.

(SLIDE 27) The necessary formulas needed for this problem would be the differentiated

𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡=4𝜋𝑟^2(𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝑡) and 𝑑𝑆𝐴/𝑑𝑡= 8𝜋𝑟𝑑𝑟/𝑑t.

formulas for both the volume and surface area of a sphere which would be

(SLIDE 28) Before solving for the surface area of the sphere, we must first solve for dr/dt

we arrive at the conclusion that dr/dt’s value is 1/162𝜋.

using the differentiated formula for the volume of a sphere as shown in the slide. From this,

differentiated surface area formula. We will end up with an equation of 𝑑𝑆𝐴/𝑑𝑡 =

(SLIDE 29) At this point, we can now proceed to plugging in all the values into our

8𝜋(9)1/162𝜋.

(SLIDE 30) Which brings us to our final answer, the surface area is increasing at a rate of
4/9cm^2/s.

CLENT (SLIDE 31-46, 54)

(SLIDE 31) To improve our mastery on solving related rates about spheres, let’s tackle a
final word problem together. If the radius of a sphere is increasing at a rate of 4 cm per
second, how fast is the volume increasing when the diameter is 80 cm? Let’s start by writing
down the given values as well as the formula for the volume of a sphere. We, then,
differentiate the formula to be able to solve for what is asked.
us to the answer of 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑡 = 25,600𝜋.
(SLIDE 32) Finally, we plug in our given values into our differentiated formula which brings

25,600𝜋 cm^3/s.
(SLIDE 33) We arrive at the conclusion of the volume of the sphere increasing at a rate of

(SLIDE 34) Now that we have grasped the concept of solving word problems involving
spheres, we are now ready to take our next challenge. In this segment, we will be discussing
solving word problems on related rates involving conical tanks.

(SLIDE 35) A water tank is in the shape of a cone with a height of 10 feet and a radius of 5
feet. The water is being drained from the tank at a rate of 2 cubic feet per minute. How fast is
the water level dropping when the water is 6 feet deep?

First, let us list down all the given values in the problem. Let h be the height of the tank
which is 10ft., r with the given radius of 5 ft., and dv/dt = 2ft^3/sec. In this problem, we are
asked how fast the water level is dropping when the water is 6 ft. deep. Therefore, dh/dt is
unknown.

(SLIDE 36) To help us grasp a better understanding of the problem let us picture it out first.
Then, using the equation of similar triangles, we can use the ratio shown here (the slide) to
find the radius of the tank when the water is 6 feet deep.

(SLIDE 37) The next step is to come up with the formula to utilize in this problem, which is
the volume of a cone, and differentiate it. But why are we not looking for dr/dt? Well, since
we are only tasked to look for dh/dt, doing so is unnecessary.

the differentiated formula which gives us an answer of 2/3𝜋.

(SLIDE 38) After having done the previous steps, we can now plug in our given values with

(SLIDE 39) To finalise, the radius is decreasing at a rate of -2/3𝜋 ft^2/s. Now, you may be
wondering “why negative?”, this is because the water level is dropping, thus, the negative
sign.

(SLIDE 40) We have finished learning how to solve related rates on conical tanks so now,
we can move on to the next part. For the last topic, we will tackle word problems and
processes on how to solve for the related rates of shadows.

(SLIDE 41) A 1.8-meter tall man walks away from a 6.0-meter lamp post at the rate of 1.5
m/s. The light at the top of the post casts a shadow in front of the man. In this problem, two
things are being asked for: a) How fast is the tip of his shadow moving along the ground,
and b) how fast is the length of his shadow moving?

(SLIDE 42) First, let us visualise the problem and assign labels to all given variables as well
as the one we need to solve for.
(SLIDE 43) We, then, list down the values of all given variables. As seen in the slide dl/dt
and dy/dt is unknown since we are still in the process of solving their values.

(SLIDE 44) To further understand the problem, let us take a look at the graphic
representation presented in the slide.

(SLIDE 45) This problem utilizes a series of formulas and equations so be sure to pay
attention. Firstly, we use h/L=m/y which

Kani nalang guys whshaha pano 2 iword pls

(SLIDE 46) To answer the first question of our problem, the tip of his shadow is moving
along the ground at a rate of 2.143 m/s. As for the length of his shadow, it is moving at a rate
of .643 m/s.

SLIDE (54) That concludes our presentation on solving word problems involving related
rates. Thank you for joining us today and for watching this video lecture. We hope that you
found it engaging and have learned something from our discussion. Once again, thank you
for watching and I look forward to seeing you in the next video.6