Socialization
Dr Minni Harikumar
01 What is Socialization
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
02 Principal concepts & Characteristics
03
Theories of Socialisation
04
Process of Socialization
05 Factors in Socialization
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
06 Types of Socialization
07
Agents of Socialization
What is Socialization? The process of moulding and shaping the
personality of the human infant is called
socialisation
● Human child comes in to the world as
biological organism with animal needs
● The child internalizes the culture of its
society
● The child learns the social ways of acting
and feeling
● Man’s behaviour is learnt behaviour
“
Socialization is transmission of culture, the process
whereby the man learns the rules and practices of social
groups
“— Peter Worsley
01.
What is
Socialization
INTRODUCTION
every man tries to adjust himsef to the conditions
of his social environment. Individuals tries to
conform to the norms of the group, thus
maintaining a social order
EXPLAINING PRINCIPAL CONCEPTS & Characteristics
Continuous process Timing
Socialization starts at birth and ends Socialisation and maturation proceeds
with death. At every stage of life man hand in hand. Physical maturity by itself
learns new rules and new patterns of cannot produce a perfect human
behaviour
EXPLAINING PRINCIPAL CONCEPTS & caharacteristics
Development of ‘Self’ Internalisation of Social Norms
‘Self’ is a person’s conception of himself
In the process of socialisation, the
as a totality. The child has no
individual learns culturally approved
consciousness of itself or of others at
habits , ideas and attitudes. His natural
birth. A child constructs its ‘self’ by their
drives are guided into approved
perception of how others view them
channels of expression.
Theories of Socialization
Charles. H. Cooley Sigmund Freud
‘Looking Glass Self’
Imagination of our appearance to
another person ID –animal impulse, instinct, do
Imagination of his judgment not think of consequences
Feeling of pride or mortification
Ego- considers social realities and
George. H. Mead devices a realistic strategy without
‘Role playing’ causing harm
The child takes on the role of
another person Super Ego- incorporates values
This enables the child to see morals, conscience
himself objectively through the
eyes of others
Process of Socialization Development of individuality
Internalisation of norms
due to indoctrination
Internalises norm of a
group
Internalises the norm
of self-control
Internalizes the
norm of daily life
Factors in Socialization
Language
Suggestion • Relate and
• Behaviour
pattern connect to
different • Powerful
• Social • Communication objects and medium
activities transferred aspects • Helps in
• Language & • Rational • Senses meaningful
pronunciation persuasion become interaction
• Propaganda trained to • Means of
Advertisement identify cultural
Imitation transmission
Identification
Socialization
● Culture Based
development of
Individuality and
identity
● Socialization of infant in the earliest years of
his life
Primary Socialization ● Learns language and cognitive skills
● Internalises norms and values
● Establishment of emotional ties
● Recognition of different roles
● Socialization outside the immediate family
● Learns social conduct outside the family
Secondary Socialization environment
● Receives social training in formal or
institutional setting
● Internalises the norms and values of
various organisations and institutions
Types of Socialization
• Primary Socialisation
• Secondary Socialization
• Anticapatory Socialization
• Developmental Socialization
• Re-socialization
● A process by which man learns the culture of
a group with the anticipation of joining that
Anticipatory Socialization group.
● Learns the beliefs, values and norms of a
status or group to which he aspires to join
● learns how to act in his new role.
● Socialises to take on new duties & roles
● Builds on already acquired skills and
Developmental Socialization knowledge as the adult progresses
through life
● Brings changes in the views of the
individual
● It refers to the process of discarding former
behaviour patterns and accepting new ones
Re-Socialization as part of a transition in one’s life.
● Stripping away of learned patterns and
substitution of new ones
● Happens when radical changes happens in
life and role
Agents of Socialization
primary caregiver,impacts childs personality,
Family
capacities & abilities
Develops ideas, attitudes, builds socially defined personalities,
School/Teachers develops interpersonal relationship, develops productivity and
Agents of socialization efficiency
Informal aspects of culture, modes of gratification,
Peer group
relationship based on mutual understanding
Moulds beliefs and ways of life, builds values, acts as
Religion
informal social control
Gives Exposure to fashion, opinions, informations on
Mass Media
various aspects,
Authoritarian laws,, lays down formal modes of conduct,
state
sanctions or punishments