ACTIVITY

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
ACTIVITY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Direction:
Draw a simple illustration showing how geothermal energy
comes from beneath the Earth’s surface. Label the
important parts such as the heat source, hot water or
steam, pipes, and the power plant. Use clear drawings and
neat labels to show how geothermal energy is used to
produce electricity.
 guide questions
1. How did watching the video change your understanding of how volcanoes
can provide energy?
2. What surprised you the most about geothermal energy and how it is
harnessed?
3. How do you think geothermal energy can impact the environment and
communities near volcanoes?
4. What challenges do you think exist in using geothermal energy in volcanic
areas?
5. How can learning about geothermal energy influence the way you think
about renewable energy sources in the future?
Understanding

Climate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the climate and
the factors that affect it.
Relate altitude and land
topography with climate.
RECALL
WEATHER
WHAT IS WEATHER?
Weather is the condition of the
atmosphere at a particular place and time.
It describes what is happening outside right
now or over a short period, such as hours
or days.
 Factors That
Affect weather
temperature Air pressure
humidity wind
precipitation
Factors affecting the WEATHER?
Temperature
Temperature tells how hot or cold the air is. It
affects cloud formation, wind, and precipitation.
Warm air rises, while cold air sinks, which helps
create different weather conditions like rain or
clear skies.
Factors affecting the WEATHER?
Air Pressure
Air pressure is the weight of air pressing down on
Earth. Low air pressure usually brings cloudy or
rainy weather, while high air pressure often results
in clear and fair weather. Differences in air
pressure cause wind.
Factors affecting the WEATHER?

Humidity
Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the
air. High humidity makes the air feel warmer
and can lead to cloud formation and rain. Low
humidity results in dry and clearer weather.
Factors affecting the WEATHER?
Wind
Wind is the movement of air from areas of
high pressure to low pressure. It helps
distribute heat and moisture around the
Earth, affecting temperature and rainfall
patterns.
Factors affecting the WEATHER?
Precipitation
Precipitation includes rain, snow, and sleet.
It occurs when water droplets in clouds
become heavy enough to fall to the ground.
Precipitation is important for water supply
and climate.
CLIMATE
WHAT IS CLIMATE?
Climate refers to the long-term pattern of
weather in a particular area. Unlike daily weather,
which changes frequently, climate is observed over
many years and includes factors like temperature,
rainfall, humidity, and wind.
 climate
two major seasons:
rainy season dry season
june - november december - may

cool hot
dry season dry season
december - february march - may
 Factors That
Affect climate
Latitude Topography
Altitude Ocean Current
Distance from Oceans
or Water Bodies
 Latitude

Areas near the equator receive

more direct sunlight, making
them warmer, while regions
near the poles are cooler.
 Why are temperate countries cooler:

Temperate countries are cooler because of their location

(latitude).
Temperate countries are found farther from the Equator, so
they receive less direct sunlight. The Sun’s rays hit these places
at a slanted angle, spreading the heat over a wider area, which
makes temperatures cooler. They also experience seasonal
changes, so temperatures are not hot all year.
 How latitude affects weather:
Low latitude (near the Equator)
Receives more direct sunlight
Warmer temperatures all year
🌞
Example: Philippines
Middle latitude
Receives moderate sunlight
Has seasons (summer, winter, etc.)
High latitude (near the poles)
Receives less direct sunlight
Colder temperatures ❄️
east antarctica plateau
 Why Antarctica is extremely cold:
[Link] latitude
Antarctica is far from the Equator, so the Sun’s rays hit the surface at a
slanted angle, giving less heat.
[Link] little sunlight
Some parts of Antarctica experience months of darkness (polar night),
which greatly lowers temperatures.
[Link] and snow cover
Ice and snow reflect most of the Sun’s energy back into the atmosphere,
preventing the land from warming.
[Link] surrounding oceans and winds
The cold ocean currents and strong winds help keep the temperature very
low.
 how latitude affects
climate of an area/region

Latitude affects climate because it determines

how much sunlight an area receives. Places near the
equator are warmer, while areas near the poles
are colder.
 Altitude
Altitude refers to the height of a
place above sea level and is an
important factor that affects the
local climate of an area.
 why is it during summer many
people visit baguio city?

what can you say about their food,

types of plants and trees found on
those places?
 how altitude affects climate
of an area/region
The higher the altitude (height above sea level) the
colder the air gets.
This is because the air molecules are farther apart
making the air less dense.
Less dense air cannot absorb much heat making the
air temperature lower
 how altitude affects climate
of an area/region
As the altitude increases, the air temperature decreases, the
colder the climate.
As the altitude decreases, the air temperature increases, the
warmer the climate.
Those places that are located in high elevation has a low
temperature and cold climate, while those places that can be
found in lower elevation has a high temperature and warm
climate
How Altitude
Affects Climate:
As altitude increases, the air becomes
cooler and thinner. This is why mountainous
regions are often cooler than nearby
lowlands, even if they are in tropical areas.
ACTIVITY
Altitude and Its Effect
Direction:
↑
Write an (arrow up) if the factor increases and
↓
an (arrow down) if it decreases.
 ACTIVITY
CLIMATE Acronym
Instructions:
[Link] the word CLIMATE vertically on your bond paper, leaving
space next to each letter.
[Link] of a word or phrase for each letter that relates to climate or
factors that affect it.
[Link] and share:
Write neatly and color your answers if you like.
Be ready to share your acronym with the class and explain why
you chose each word.
ACTIVITY CLIMATE Acronym
rubrics
 Topography
It is the physical or natural features of an area.
It affect the amount of precipitation in certain
region.
The area in wihich the wind blows is called the
windward side. (facing the sea)
The area at the back of the mountain is called
leeward side.
 windward side

It is the side of the mountain

faces the wind.
 leeward side
It is the side of the mountain that is
downwind
There is less wind on this side because it is
blocked by the mountain on the other side
The leeward side of a mountain is usually
dry compared to the windward side.
The mountainous areas tend to have
extreme weather beacuse it acts as
a barrier to air movements and
moisture.
 Activity: Describe Windward and Leeward Sides
Instructions:
Complete the table by choosing the correct description from the
options in the box.
 Activity: Describe Windward and Leeward Sides
Instructions:
Complete the table by choosing the correct description from the
options in the box.

FACING THE WIND WET / HUMId RAINY

OPPOSITE THE WIND DRy/ ARID RAIN SHADOW
How Land Topography
Affects Climate:
Mountains: Can create a “rain shadow” effect, with
one side receiving heavy rainfall and the other
remaining dry.
Valleys: May trap heat, making them warmer than
surrounding areas.
Plains: Typically have more uniform temperatures
and rainfall patterns.
 Distance from Oceans
or Water Bodies:

This refers to how far a place is from

oceans, seas, or large bodies of water and
how this affects its climate.
Distance from Oceans
or Water Bodies:
Areas near the ocean (coastal areas):
The climate is milder, with less extreme
temperatures.
Water stores heat and releases it slowly, helping to
regulate temperature.
For example, coastal areas are not as hot in
summer and not as cold in winter.
Distance from Oceans
or Water Bodies:

Areas far from the ocean (inland areas):

Experience more extreme temperatures.
Hotter in summer and colder in winter because
there is no large body of water to moderate
the temperature.
Distance from
Oceans or Water
Bodies:
 Distance from Oceans
or Water Bodies:
Coastal areas tend to have milder
climates, while inland areas
experience more extreme
temperatures.
 Ocean Current

Ocean current is the continuous movement

of seawater in the oceans that affects
the climate of different places.
 Ocean Current
How do ocean currents affect climate?
Warm ocean currents
→ warm the air above them
→ cause warmer and more humid climates in nearby coastal
areas
Cold ocean currents
→ cool the air above them
→ cause cooler and drier climates in nearby coastal areas
Ocean Current
Ocean currents that bring along
Cold water inland make the climate
cold
Ocean currents that take along
warm water inland make the climate
warm
quiz
time !!!
1. Which side of a mountain receives
more rain because it faces the wind?
A. Leeward
B. Windward
C. High altitude
D. Low altitude
2. What do you call any form of water
that falls from the sky such as rain,
snow, or hail?
A. Ocean current
B. Latitude
C. Precipitation
D. Altitude
3. What is an ocean current?
A. Movement of air in the atmosphere
B. Movement of water in the ocean
C. Height of land above sea level
D. Distance from the equator
4. Which ocean current usually causes
a warmer and wetter climate?
A. Cold ocean current
B. Dry current
C. Warm ocean current
D. Polar current
5. What usually happens to temperature
as altitude increases?
A. Temperature increases
B. Temperature stays the same
C. Temperature decreases
D. Temperature becomes hot
 [Link] side of a mountain is usually
dry and receives less rainfall?
A. Windward
B. Ocean side
C. Leeward
D. Low altitude
7. Which place is generally warmer?
A. High altitude area
B. Mountain top
C. Low altitude area
D. Hilltop
8. Places near the equator usually have
what kind of climate?
A. Cold
B. Dry
C. Warm
D. Snowy
9. How does distance from the ocean
affect climate?
A. Places near the ocean are usually
more humid
B. Places far from the ocean have more
rain
C. Distance from the ocean has no effect
D. Places near the ocean are always
cold
10. Which line divides the Earth into
the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres?
A. Prime Meridian
B. Tropic of Cancer
C. Equator
D. Arctic Circle
 ANSWER KEY:
1. B 6. C
2. C 7. C
3. B 8. C
4. C 9. A
5. C 10. C
climate
change
RECALL
activity
Jumbled Letter

Instructions:
Unscramble the letters to form the correct word
related to climate and its factors using the clues
provided.
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The long-term pattern of weather in a
place.

TMAEILC
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The long-term pattern of weather in a
place.

climate
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The height of a place above sea level that
affects temperature.

TIDLUATE
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The height of a place above sea level that
affects temperature.

altitude
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The condition of the atmosphere at a
particular time or day.

HEWATER
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The condition of the atmosphere at a
particular time or day.

weather
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The side of a mountain opposite the incoming
wind, usually dry.

ELeWrAD
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The side of a mountain opposite the incoming
wind, usually dry.

leeward
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The distance of a place from the equator,
affecting how much sunlight it receives.

TALITUED
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The distance of a place from the equator,
affecting how much sunlight it receives.

latitude
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The side of a mountain facing the wind,
usually wet with rainfall.

WNDIWADr
activity
Jumbled Letter
Clue: The side of a mountain facing the wind,
usually wet with rainfall.

windward
what is climate change?
Climate Change is a long-term change in the average
weather patterns. It is incorporated with the two
phenomena, the global warming and large – scale change in
weather patterns. Changes in Earth’s climate since the
start of the twentieth century are mainly caused by human
activities, such as burning of fossil fuels for energy and
transportation, agricultural and industrial activities,
deforestation and others.
does human activities
contributes to climate
change?
 global warming
Global warming is the gradual increase in Earth’s average
temperature caused mainly by human activities.
It happens because of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide
(CO₂), methane, and nitrous oxide that trap heat in the
[Link] gases come from:
Burning fossil fuels (cars, factories, power plants)
Cutting down trees (deforestation)
Farming and waste activities
 greenhouse
effect
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that
keeps Earth warm enough for living things to
survive.
It happens when greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere trap heat from the sun instead of
letting it escape back into space.
 greenhouse gases
Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that
trap heat from the sun, contributing to the
greenhouse effect.
 types of greenhouse gases
Major greenhouse gases:
[Link] dioxide (CO₂) – from burning fossil fuels, deforestation,
factories, and vehicles.
[Link] (CH₄) – from livestock, rice fields, landfills, and natural gas.
[Link] oxide (N₂O) – from fertilizers, agriculture, and industrial
activities.
[Link] (CFCs) - CFCs are man-made chemicals used in
air conditioners, refrigerators, aerosol sprays, and some foam
products.
Causes of Global
Warming / Enhanced
Greenhouse Effect
 Burning of Fossil Fuels
It is the burning of coal, oil, or natural gas
to produce energy, such as in cars,
factories, and power plants.
 Burning of Fossil Fuels
Effects:
→
[Link] carbon dioxide (CO₂) contributes to global
warming.
→
[Link] pollution causes smog, lung problems, and other
health issues.
→
[Link] change leads to stronger storms, droughts, and
floods.
→
[Link] rain smoke can become acidic and damage plants
and water sources.
 Waste Disposal
Waste disposal is the process of throwing
away or managing garbage, trash, and
other waste materials from homes,
factories, and other places.
 Waste Disposal
Effects:
→
[Link] methane gas contributes to global warming
because methane traps heat in the atmosphere.
→
[Link] soil and water harmful chemicals from waste
can contaminate the environment.
→
[Link] problems attracts pests and spreads diseases.
→
[Link] odor and air pollution affects the quality of life in
nearby areas.
 Deforestation
Deforestation is the cutting down or
clearing of trees and forests for farming,
buildings, or other human activities.
 Deforestation
Effects:
→
[Link] carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere contributes to
global warming because there are fewer trees to absorb CO₂.
→
[Link] of habitat plants and animals lose their homes, leading
to extinction of species.
→
[Link] erosion without trees, soil washes away easily, causing
floods and landslides.
→
[Link] in rainfall patterns can lead to droughts or less
rainfall in certain areas.
Activity: “Small Actions, Big Impact”
Instructions:
[Link] about your daily activities at home, school, or in your
community.
[Link] down at least 5 actions that can help reduce greenhouse
gas emissions or protect the environment.
3. For each action, explain how it helps reduce climate change in 1–2
sentences.
 effects of climate change
Temperatures will continue to rise
Earth’s average temperature will keep
increasing over time due to greenhouse
gases trapping heat in the atmosphere,
leading to global warming and changes
in the climate.
effects of climate change
Frost-free seasons (and Growing seasons) will
lengthen
the period of the year without frost will become
longer because of warmer temperatures. This allows
plants and crops to grow for a longer time each
year, giving farmers more time to plant, grow, and
harvest their crops.
effects of climate change
Extreme Weather
refers to very strong and unusual weather conditions that
are more intense than normal.
Examples include:
Heat waves
Strong storms and heavy rainfall
Long periods of drought
Sudden flooding
effects of climate change
Rising sea level
The gradual increase in the level of the world’s oceans
over time due to climate change. This happens mainly
because glaciers and polar ice caps are melting as global
temperatures rise, adding more water to the oceans.
At the same time, ocean water expands when it warms,
which also contributes to higher sea levels.
effects of climate change
Warmer, more acidic oceans
the ocean’s temperature is increasing and the
water is becoming more acidic because of climate
change. This can harm coral reefs, fish, and other
marine life, affecting ocean ecosystems and food
sources.
effects of climate change
El Niño and La Niña
El Niño and La Niña are natural climate patterns that
occur in the Pacific Ocean and strongly influence
weather around the world. They are part of a larger
system called the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
(ENSO).
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate
phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean
and affects weather worldwide.
It has two main phases:
El Niño and La Niña
 El Niño
El Niño is a climate pattern that happens when the
Pacific Ocean becomes warmer than normal.

El Niño happens when the surface water in the central

and eastern Pacific Ocean becomes warmer than
normal. This warming changes wind patterns and ocean
currents, which affects weather in many regions.
 El Niño
During El Niño, some areas experience hotter
temperatures and drought, while others may have
heavy rainfall and flooding.

It recurs every 2-7 years, typically lasting 9-12

months, and its opposite is La Niña (cool phase).
El Niño
El Niño
 La Niña
La Niña is the opposite of El Niño. It occurs when the
Pacific Ocean surface water becomes cooler than
normal. This cooling also changes wind patterns and
causes different weather effects.
 La Niña
During La Niña, some areas experience heavier
rainfall, flooding, and stronger storms, while others
may have cooler and drier conditions.

Duration: Usually lasts 9-12 months, but can be

shorter or extend up to 2-3 years.
La Niña
La Niña
activity: Match the Cause and Effect
Directions:
Match the Cause in Column A with the correct Effect in Column B.
Write your answers on your paper.
activity: Match the Cause and Effect
Directions:
Match the Cause in Column A with the correct Effect in Column B.
Write your answers on your paper.
activity: Match the Cause and Effect
Directions:
Match the Cause in Column A with the correct Effect in Column B.
Write your answers on your paper.
activity: Match the Cause and Effect
Directions:
Match the Cause in Column A with the correct Effect in Column B.
Write your answers on your paper.
activity: Match the Cause and Effect
Directions:
Match the Cause in Column A with the correct Effect in Column B.
Write your answers on your paper.
activity: Match the Cause and Effect
Directions:
Match the Cause in Column A with the correct Effect in Column B.
Write your answers on your paper.
quiz
time !!!
1. Which of the following is the main
cause of global climate change?
A. Natural fluctuations in the Earth’s
orbit
B. Human activities such as burning
fossil fuels and deforestation
C. Changes in the moon’s gravity
D. Volcanic eruptions only
2. What is the long-term alteration of
Earth’s temperature, precipitation, and
weather patterns caused mainly by
human activities?
A. Global warming
B. Ozone depletion
C. Climate change
D. Air pollution
3. What is the process by which certain
gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap
heat, keeping the planet warm enough
to support life?
A. Global warming
B. Climate change
C. Greenhouse effect
D. Ozone depletion
4. Which greenhouse gas is produced by
burning fossil fuels and deforestation,
and traps heat in the atmosphere?
A. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
B. Methane (CH₄)
C. Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
D. Ozone (O₃)
5. Which human activity involves cutting
down large areas of forests, leading to
loss of biodiversity and contributing to
climate change?
A. Urbanization
B. Mining
C. Agriculture
D. Deforestation
6. What is the gradual increase in
Earth’s average surface temperature
due to the buildup of greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere?
A. Global warming
B. Climate change
C. Greenhouse effect
D. Ozone depletion
7. Which climate phenomenon occurs when
the surface water in the central and
eastern Pacific Ocean becomes warmer
than usual, affecting weather worldwide?
A. La Niña
B. Global warming
C. El Niño
D. Monsoon
8. Which human activity releases large
amounts of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere, contributing to global
warming?
A. Planting trees
B. Burning fossil fuels
C. Using wind energy
D. Recycling plastics
9. Which climate phenomenon occurs when
the surface water in the Pacific Ocean
becomes cooler than normal, often
causing heavier rainfall and stronger
storms in some regions?
A. La Niña
B. El Niño
C. Global warming
D. Greenhouse effect
10. Which of the following is a type of
greenhouse gas that traps heat in the
Earth’s atmosphere?
A. Oxygen (O₂)
B. Nitrogen (N₂)
C. Hydrogen (H₂)
D. Methane (CH₄)
 ANSWER KEY:
1. B 6. a
2. C 7. C
3. c 8. b
4. A 9. A
5. d 10. D
thank you