Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

5
CHAPTER

STATICS

Distributed Forces:
Centroids and Centers
E

of Gravity

.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Contents
Introduction Theorems of Pappus-Guldinus
Center of Gravity of a 2D Body Sample Problem 5.7
Centroids and First Moments of Areas Distributed Loads on Beams
and Lines Sample Problem 5.9
Centroids of Common Shapes of Areas Center of Gravity of a 3D Body:
Centroids of Common Shapes of Lines Centroid of a Volume
E

Composite Plates and Areas Centroids of Common 3D Shapes

Sample Problem 5.1 Composite 3D Bodies

Determination of Centroids by Sample Problem 5.12

Integration
Sample Problem 5.4

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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Introduction
• The earth exerts a gravitational force on each of the particles
forming a body. These forces can be replace by a single
equivalent force equal to the weight of the body and applied
at the center of gravity for the body.

• The centroid of an area is analogous to the center of

gravity of a body. The concept of the first moment of an
E

area is used to locate the centroid.

• Determination of the area of a surface of revolution and

the volume of a body of revolution are accomplished
with the Theorems of Pappus-Guldinus.

5-3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Center of Gravity of a 2D Body

• Center of gravity of a plate • Center of gravity of a wire

 M y x W   xW
  x dW
 M y yW   yW
  y dW

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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Centroids and First Moments of Areas and Lines
• Centroid of an area • Centroid of a line

x W   x dW x W   x dW
x At    x t dA x  La    x  a dL
x A   x dA  Q y x L   x dL
 first moment wit h respect to y yL   y dL
yA   y dA  Qx
 first moment wit h respect to x

5-5
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
First Moments of Areas and Lines
• An area is symmetric with respect to an axis BB’
if for every point P there exists a point P’ such
that PP’ is perpendicular to BB’ and is divided
into two equal parts by BB’.
• The first moment of an area with respect to a
line of symmetry is zero.
• If an area possesses a line of symmetry, its
E

centroid lies on that axis.

• If an area possesses two lines of symmetry, its
centroid lies at their intersection.
• An area is symmetric with respect to a center O
if for every element dA at (x,y) there exists an
area dA’ of equal area at (-x,-y).
• The centroid of the area coincides with the
center of symmetry.
5-6
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Centroids of Common Shapes of Areas

5-7
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Centroids of Common Shapes of Lines

5-8
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Composite Plates and Areas
• Composite plates
X W   x W
Y W   y W

• Composite area
X A   xA
Y  A   yA

5-9
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 5.1
SOLUTION:
• Divide the area into a triangle, rectangle,
and semicircle with a circular cutout.
• Calculate the first moments of each area
with respect to the axes.
E • Find the total area and first moments of
the triangle, rectangle, and semicircle.
Subtract the area and first moment of the
For the plane area shown, determine circular cutout.
the first moments with respect to the • Compute the coordinates of the area
x and y axes and the location of the centroid by dividing the first moments by
centroid. the total area.

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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 5.1

• Find the total area and first moments of the Qx  506.2  103 mm 3
triangle, rectangle, and semicircle. Subtract the
Q y  757.7  103 mm 3
area and first moment of the circular cutout.
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Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 5.1
• Compute the coordinates of the area
centroid by dividing the first moments by
the total area.

X  x A  757.7 103 mm 3

 A 13.828 103 mm 2
E

X  54.8 mm

Y   y A  506.2 103 mm 3

 A 13.828 103 mm 2
Y  36.6 mm
5 - 12