INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• Start Date- May 13
• Today is May 18
• Total learning time- 5 days
WHO IS STILL AFRAID OF COMPUTERS?
IT IS JUST LIKE A SMART PHONE
• Start
• Shut Down
• Restart
• Store data - Phone numbers, pictures, screenshots, songs
• Apps- Application Software like-
▪ Camera, WhatsApp, Telegram
▪ Video Calling App - Google Meet
▪ Clock, Games
COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPUTER MEMORY - VERY IMPORTANT PART
STORAGE OF INFORMATION IN COMPUTER MEMORY
How computer store information in Memory?
In the sequence of 0s and 1s.
• Text and Images both.
• Images are known as digital images.
• Computer memory (RAM and ROM) store the information in the form of zeroes and ones (0 and 1).
• One 0 or 1 is known as a bit.
• Bit denotes fundamental unit of information for a computer.
• Complex information is simplified before storing into computer memory.
DIGITAL IMAGES
• Images on computer are known as digital images.
• Unit of digital image is known as pixel.
• Larger number of pixels yields better picture quality.
• Number of pixels of digital image is denoted by Resolution.
BINARY AND DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
FLOW OF DATA IN COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
• Two types of software- System Software and Application Software
• System software controls the computer's internal functions, while
application software performs specific tasks for users.
1. System Software:
• Operating System (OS): Windows, MacOS, and Android.
• Language Processors: Compilers, interpreters
• Device Drivers: Printer Drivers etc
2. Application Software:
• General-Purpose Software: Word processors, Excel (spreadsheets), web browsers.
• Utility Software: Provides services like antivirus software, disk cleanup, etc.
• Programming Software: Tools for writing, debugging, and testing computer programs (IDEs,
debuggers).
HOW TO PREPARE SOFTWARE?
•Using Programming Languages
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
MEANING OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
• A programming language is how we write code, what keywords we use, to tell
the computer what to do.
• Programming language allows us to communicate with the computer.
• There are various different programming languages. Some famous ones are
C++, JavaScript, Python etc.
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHARTS
• The word Algorithm means "A set of finite rules or instructions to be followed
in calculations or other problem-solving operations“
• An algorithm can be visually represented in the form of a Flowchart.
• A flowchart is a diagram that uses set of shapes and arrows to depict the
individual steps of an algorithm. Different shapes are used for different kinds
of actions.
Various Shapes Used In Flowcharts
NO
YES
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
• Boolean Algebra is a branch of algebra that deals with Boolean values—true
and false.
• It is fundamental to digital logic design and computer science, providing a
mathematical framework for describing logical operations and expressions.
• Various operations are used in Boolean algebra but the basic operations that
form the base of Boolean Algebra are AND, OR, NOT.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA OPERATIONS
AND OR NOT
AND operation returns true if both OR operation returns true if any Using the NOT operation reverses
the value of the individual variables value of the individual variables is the value of the Boolean variable
are true and if any of the value is true, it only gives a negative result if from True to False or vice-versa.
false then this operation gives the both the values are false.
negative result.
TRUTH TABLE
• A Truth Table is a table that lists all the possible combinations of inputs and
their corresponding outputs.
• It shows how the different operations of Boolean Algebra return different
outputs based on input values (true or false).
Basic Operations of Boolean Algebra depicted in the form of
Truth Tables (0 represents false and 1 represents true)
ASCII
• ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
• It is a standard code used to represent various types of characters.
• Alphabets (A-Z, a-z), Numerals (0-9), and Special Characters (!, #, *, etc) are
assigned different values ranging from 1 to 127.
• All ASCII encoded characters require 1 byte (8 bits) of memory.
• A newer version, UNICODE, allows for larger number of characters to be
encoded and stored into memory.
First Program in C++
Program in C++ for finding greater of two numbers: (Use of conditions)
Flowchart of if-else conditional statement
Program to print numbers from 1 to 10: (Use of For Loop)
Code: Output:
Program to print numbers from 1 to 50: (Use of While Loop)
Flowchart for While Loop
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU