Scribd
Upload
10 views38 pages

Cancer

The document provides an overview of cancer, including its epidemiology, risk factors, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of early detection, management, and the role of screening in cancer prevention. Additionally, it addresses cultural perceptions of cancer and the need for comprehensive support for patients and their families.

Uploaded by

Denny Hong
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views38 pages

Cancer

The document provides an overview of cancer, including its epidemiology, risk factors, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and treatment options. It emphasizes the importance of early detection, management, and the role of screening in cancer prevention. Additionally, it addresses cultural perceptions of cancer and the need for comprehensive support for patients and their families.

Uploaded by

Denny Hong
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Cancer

Learning Objectives
• Review the epidemiology and statistics of cancer
• Identify risk factors and causes for common cancers
• Recognize the signs and symptoms of cancer
• Review the various methods to diagnose and stage cancer
• Learning about the management and treatment options of
early vs late cancer, and potential complications
• Understanding the role of screening and primary
prevention for cancer
Cancer. What is it?
Cancer. What is it?
Risk Factors for Cancer: Infection
Risk Factors for Cancer: Infection
Hepatitis B/C: Hepatocellular carcinoma
HPV: Cervical cancer, anal/penile cancer, oropharyngeal cancer
EBV: Burkitt Lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin’s Disease
HHV8: Kaposi Sarcoma
HTLV1: Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
H pylori: Gastric adenocarcinoma
Salmonella typhi: Gallbladder carcinoma
Schistosoma: Bladder carcinoma
Risk Factors for Cancer: Environmental
Risk Factors for Cancer: Environmental
Risk Factors for Cancer: Diet/Lifestyle
Risk Factors for Cancer: Genetics
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis
Staging
• Staging describes how much cancer is in the body and how far it has
spread. It helps us understand how serious the cancer is and decide
the best treatment plan.
Management and Treatment Options
Complications
Inpatient Management
• Thorough workup and investigation
for appropriate diagnosis
• Assess staging and prognostication
• Multiple goals of care and family
meetings
• Symptomatic management and
palliative care
Cultural Differences and Expectations
• Cancer as a curse, punishment, or result of witchcraft
• Cancer as a death sentence and nearly always fatal
• Fear of costs and financial burden, so avoidance of screening
• Fear of biopsy or surgery, which will spread the cancer
• Involvement of the whole family unit or spouse (Muslims)
• Sheltering the patient from the prognosis and disease
• Unrealistic hope
• Fatalism and Futility: God’s will
• Limiting disclosure, and not removing hope from the patient
Summary Points
• Cancer is preventable, and treatable if diagnosed early
• Imaging and labs assist with diagnosis, but they are NOT diagnostic
• Be diligent in your workup and investigations for proper staging
• Avoidance of risk factors is key for the population
• Screening is an important component and should be recommended,
specifically for cervical, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer
• Support the patient through their cancer journey with palliative care
• Involve the family (when appropriate), and provide spiritual, mental,
physical and emotional counseling

You might also like