UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2023/2024
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN FASHION
DESIGN AND TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
SPC 2308 COMPUTER GRAPHICS YEAR IV SEMESTER I
Date: FRIDAY 8TH DECEMBER 2023 Time: 8.30 am -10.30 am
(4 marks)
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(3 marks)
(4 marks)
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(3 marks)
Derive the equations for window to viewpoint transformation
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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2023/2024
YEAR I SEMESTER II EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
spc 2310: computer graphics
Date: Wednesday, 17th April 2024 Time: 8.30am – 10.30am
Instructions
Answer Question ONE (compulsory) and Any Other Two.
Question 1 (30 marks)
a) Discuss how computer graphics may be applied in each of the following
application areas (6 marks)
i. Office Automation
ii. Simulators
iii. User interfaces
b) Distinguish between pinhole and thin lens camera models stating their relevance
in projective transformations (4 marks)
c) Describe any four tasks of a graphics processor that relate to computer graphics
(4 marks)
d) State and briefly explain any 3 advantages of vector graphics over raster graphics
(6 marks)
e) Using examples, discuss 3 ways in which one may create a 3D illusion in
computer graphics (6 marks)
f) Explain why rendering in hardware is better than in software. (4 marks)
Question 2 (20 marks)
a) Distinguish between vector and raster graphics (4 marks)
b) Explain the difference between vertex shaders and fragment shaders in modern
graphics programming. Provide examples illustrating their roles in the rendering
pipeline. (6 marks)
c) Compute the values of pi and hence generate the coordinates for a line starting at
pixel (2,3) and ending at pixel (12,8) using the Bresenham algorithm (10 marks)
Page 1 of 2
Question 3 (20 marks)
a) Explain the meaning of the following terms in computer graphics (6 marks)
i. Resolution
ii. color depth
iii. palette
b) Compare and contrast the Bresenham line drawing algorithm with the Digital
Differential Analyzer (DDA) algorithm. Provide examples illustrating their
differences. (4 marks)
c) Discuss the key properties of projective transformations (3 marks)
d) Derive the matrix for projective transformation (7 marks)
Question Four (20 Marks)
a) State any 5 advantages of the OLED display technology (5 marks)
b) Explain the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm and the Liang-Barsky line
clipping algorithm. Compare their advantages and disadvantages. (4 marks)
c) Suppose we have a window defined by minimum coordinates (xmin = 0, ymin =
0) and maximum coordinates (xmax = 100, ymax = 100). We want to map this
window to a viewport with dimensions (Vxmin = 50, Vymin = 50) and (Vxmax =
250, Vymax = 250). Calculate the end coordinate for a point (5,5) in the window
(5 marks)
d) Given the three matrices A: translation along the vector v = (4, 0, 2), B: rotation 90
degrees around the z-axis and C: a non-uniform scaling with 2 in x, 3 in y and 4
in z. a). Give the (4 × 4) matrix form of each of A, B and C (6 marks)
Question Five (20 Marks)
a) Explain the following terms as used in color representation? (6 marks)
i. Hue
ii. Lightness
iii. Saturation
b) Distinguish between modeling and rendering in computer graphics
(4 marks)
c) Suppose we have a line segment AB defined by endpoints A(20, 30) and B(60,
80), and a rectangular clipping window with boundaries: xmin = 40, xmax = 80,
ymin = 20, ymax = 60. Explain the process of clipping the line using the Cohen
Sutherland Line Clipping algorithm (4 marks)
d) Let's consider a line with vertices defined as follows A(1, 1, 1), B(-1, -1, -1). We
want to scale this line along the x-axis by a factor of 2, along the y-axis by a factor
of 1.5, and along the z-axis by a factor of 0.5. State the 3X3 homogeneous scaling
matrix and compute the final coordinates of the line (6 marks)
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KIRINYAGA UNIVERSITY
ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE / INORMATION TECHNOLOGY / B. ED. SCIENCE
SPC 2310 Computer Graphics THIRD YEAR SECOND SEMESTER
Date: APRIL 2024 Time: 2 Hours
Instructions: Answer Questions 1 and any other Two
Question 1 (30 marks)
a) Briefly discuss how computer graphics may be applied in each of the following
application areas (6 marks)
i. Office Automation
ii. Simulators
iii. User interfaces
b) Distinguish between pinhole and thin lens camera models stating their relevance
in projective transformations (4 marks)
c) Describe any four tasks of a graphics processor that relate to computer graphics
(8 marks)
d) State and briefly explain any 3 advantages of vector graphics over raster graphics
(6 marks)
e) Using examples, discuss 3 ways in which one may create a 3D illusion in
computer graphics (6 marks)
Question 2 (20 marks)
a) Distinguish between vector and raster graphics (4 marks)
b) Explain the difference between vertex shaders and fragment shaders in modern
graphics programming. Provide examples illustrating their roles in the rendering
pipeline. (6 marks)
c) Compute the values of pi and hence generate the coordinates for a line starting at
pixel (2,3) and ending at pixel (12,8) using the Bresenham algorithm (10 marks)
Question 3 (20 marks)
a) Explain the meaning of the following terms in computer graphics (6 marks)
i. Resolution
ii. color depth
iii. palette
b) Compare and contrast the Bresenham line drawing algorithm with the Digital
Differential Analyzer (DDA) algorithm. Provide examples illustrating their
differences. (4 marks)
c) Discuss the key properties of projective transformations (3 marks)
d) Derive the matrix for projective transformation (7 marks)
Question Four (20 Marks)
a) State any 5 advantages of the OLED display technology (5 marks)
b) Explain the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm and the Liang-Barsky line
clipping algorithm. Compare their advantages and disadvantages. (4 marks)
c) Suppose we have a window defined by minimum coordinates (xmin = 0, ymin =
0) and maximum coordinates (xmax = 100, ymax = 100). We want to map this
window to a viewport with dimensions (Vxmin = 50, Vymin = 50) and (Vxmax =
250, Vymax = 250). Calculate the end coordinate for a point (5,5) in the window
(5 marks)
d) Given the three matrices A: translation along the vector v = (4, 0, 2), B: rotation 90
degrees around the z-axis and C: a non-uniform scaling with 2 in x, 3 in y and 4
in z. a). Give the (4 × 4) matrix form of each of A, B and C (6 marks)
Question Five (20 Marks)
a) Explain the following terms as used in color representation? (6 marks)
i. Hue
ii. Lightness
iii. Saturation
b) Distinguish between modeling and rendering in computer graphics
(4 marks)
c) Suppose we have a line segment AB defined by endpoints A(20, 30) and B(60,
80), and a rectangular clipping window with boundaries: xmin = 40, xmax = 80,
ymin = 20, ymax = 60. Explain the process of clipping the line using the Cohen
Sutherland Line Clipping algorithm (4 marks)
d) Let's consider a line with vertices defined as follows A(1, 1, 1), B(-1, -1, -1). We
want to scale this line along the x-axis by a factor of 2, along the y-axis by a factor
of 1.5, and along the z-axis by a factor of 0.5. State he 3X3 homogeneous scaling
matrix and compute the final coordinates of the line (6 marks)
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2019/2020
YEAR III/IV SEMESTER I EXAMINATION FOR DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE/ FASHION DESIGN AND
TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
ICS 2311/SCS 2308- Computer Graphics Year III, IV Semester I 2019
Date: Wednesday, 11th December 2019 Time: 1.30pm – 3.30pm
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any Other Two questions
Question One (30 marks)
a) Briefly discuss how computer graphics may be applied in each of the following
application areas (6 marks)
i. Office Automation
ii. Simulators
iii. User interfaces
b) Distinguish between pinhole and thin lens camera models stating their relevance
in projective transformations (4 marks)
c) Describe any four tasks of a graphics processor that relate to computer graphics (8 marks)
d) State and briefly explain any 3 advantages of vector graphics over raster graphics (6 marks)
e) Using examples, discuss 3 ways in which one may create a 3D illusion in computer
graphics (6 marks)
Question Two (20 marks)
a) Distinguish between vector and raster graphics (4 marks)
b) Explain why perspective transformations are more preferable to parallel
transformations. (6 marks)
c) Compute the values of pi and hence generate the coordinates for a line starting at
pixel (2,3) and ending at pixel (12,8) using the Bresenham algorithm (10 marks)
Question Three (20 marks)
a) Explain the meaning of the following terms in computer graphics (6 marks)
Page 1 of 3
i. Resolution
ii. Color depth
iii. Palette
b) Explain any two advantages of Bresenham Line Algorithm over Digital
Differential Analyzer Algorithm (2 marks)
c)Discuss the key properties of projective transformations (3 marks)
d)Describe aliasing as used in computer graphics (2 marks)
e) Write an OpenGL function to draw a "hot dog”. The hot dog must be
constructed from a cylinder and two spheres. The function's parameters
must include a quadric object for generating the cylinder, the length of the
hot dog, the width of the hot dog, the number of slices and the number of
stacks. (7 marks)
Question Four (20 Marks)
a) Explain how focus is obtained in a thin lens camera model (5 marks)
b) Describe the 'Pulfrich Effect' and state its relevance in computer graphics (4 marks)
c) Discuss the process of transforming an object from the world coordinates
(WC) space to the viewing coordinates (VC) space (5 marks)
d) Given the three matrices A: translation along the vector v = (4, 0, 2), B:
rotation 90 degrees around the z-axis and C: a non-uniform scaling with
2 in x, 3 in y and 4 in z. a). Give the (4 x 4) matrix form of each of A, B
and C (6 marks)
Question Five (20 Marks)
a) Explain the following terms as used in color representation (6 marks)
i. Hue
ii. Lightness
iii. Saturation:
b) Distinguish between modeling and rendering in computer graphics (4 marks)
c) Explain the process of clipping the line EF in the diagram below using
the Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping algorithm (4 marks)
Page 2 of 3
d) i. Describe the transform needed to transform the triangle from A to B in the Figure
below with scaling, rotation and translation in that order (3 marks)
ii. Derive the 4 by 4 composite transformation matrix for the operations in (i)
above (3 marks)
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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2020/2021
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY/COMPUTER SCIENCE
SPC 2311 Computer Graphic Year III Semester II
Date: Thursday, 9th September 2021 Time: 8.30am – 10.30am
INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer question ONE (compulsory) and any other two questions
Question One (30 marks)
a) Briefly discuss how computer graphics may be applied in each of the following
application areas (6 marks)
i. Office Automation
ii. Simulators
iii. User interfaces
b) Distinguish between pinhole and thin lens camera models stating their relevance
in projective transformations (4 marks)
c) Describe any four tasks of a graphics processor that relate to computer graphics
(8 marks)
d) State and briefly explain any 3 advantages of vector graphics over raster graphics
(6 marks)
e) Using examples, discuss 3 ways in which one may create a 3D illusion in
computer graphics (6 marks)
Page 1 of 3
Question Two (20 marks)
a) Distinguish between vector and raster graphics (4 marks)
b) Explain why perspective transformations are more preferable to parallel
transformations (6 marks)
c) Compute the values of pi and hence generate the coordinates for a line starting at
pixel (2,3) and ending at pixel (12,8) using the Bresenham algorithm (10 marks)
Question Three (20 marks)
a) Explain the meaning of the following terms in computer graphics (6 marks)
i. Resolution
ii. color depth
iii. palette
b) Explain any two advantages of Bresenham Line Algorithm over Digital
Differential Analyzer Algorithm (2 marks)
c) Discuss the key properties of projective transformations (3 marks)
d) Describe aliasing as used in computer graphics? (2 marks)
e) Write an OpenGL function to draw a "hot dog". The hot dog must be constructed
from a cylinder and two spheres. The function's parameters must include a
quadric object for generating the cylinder, the length of the hot dog, the width of
the hot dog, the number of slices and the number of stacks. (7 marks)
Question Four (20 Marks)
a) Explain how focus is obtained in a thin lens camera model (5 marks)
b) Describe the ‘Pulfrich Effect’ and state its relevance in computer graphics
(4 marks)
c) Discuss the process of transforming an object from the world coordinates (WC)
space to the viewing coordinates (VC) space (5 marks)
d) Given the three matrices A: translation along the vector v = (4, 0, 2), B: rotation 90
degrees around the z-axis and C: a non-uniform scaling with 2 in x, 3 in y and 4
in z. a). Give the (4 × 4) matrix form of each of A, B and C (6 marks)
Page 2 of 3
Question Five (20 Marks)
a) Explain the following terms as used in color representation? (6 marks)
i. Hue
ii. Lightness
iii. Saturation:
b) Distinguish between modeling and rendering in computer graphics
(4 marks)
c) Explain the process of clipping the line EF in the diagram below using the Cohen
Sutherland Line Clipping algorithm (4 marks)
d) i. Describe the transform needed to transform the triang le from A to B in the
Figure below with scaling, rotation and translation in that order (3 marks)
ii. Derive the 4 by 4 composite transformation matrix for the operations in (i)
above (3 marks)
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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2022/2023
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE
SPC 2308 Computer Graphics Year III Semester I
Date: Friday, 9th December, 2022 Time: 8.30 am -10.30 am
Instructions: Answer Questions 1 and any other Two
Question 1 (30 marks)
a) Briefly discuss how computer graphics may be applied in each of the following
application areas (6 marks)
i. Office Automation
ii. Simulators
iii. User interfaces
b) Distinguish between pinhole and thin lens camera models stating their relevance
in projective transformations (4 marks)
c) Describe any four tasks of a graphics processor that relate to computer graphics
(8 marks)
d) State and briefly explain any 3 advantages of vector graphics over raster graphics
(6 marks)
e) Using examples, discuss 3 ways in which one may create a 3D illusion in
computer graphics (6 marks)
Question 2 (20 marks)
a) Distinguish between vector and raster graphics (4 marks)
b) Explain why perspective transformations are more preferable to parallel
transformations. (6 marks)
c) Compute the values of pi and hence generate the coordinates for a line
starting at pixel (2,3) and ending at pixel (12,8) using the Bresenham
algorithm (10 marks)
Question 3 (20 marks)
a) Explain the meaning of the following terms in computer graphics (6 marks)
i. Resolution
ii. Color depth
iii. palette
b) Explain any two advantages of Bresenham Line Algorithm over Digital
Differential Analyzer Algorithm (2 marks)
c) Discuss the key properties of projective transformations (3 marks)
d) Describe aliasing as used in computer graphics? (2 marks)
Page 1 of 2
e) Write an OpenGL function to draw a "hot dog". The hot dog must be constructed
from a cylinder and two spheres. The function's parameters must include a quadric
object for generating the cylinder, the length of the hot dog, the width of the hot dog,
the number of slices and the number of stacks. (7 marks)
Question Four (20 Marks)
a) Explain how focus is obtained in a thin lens camera model (5 marks)
b) Describe the ‘Pulfrich Effect’ and state its relevance in computer graphics
(4 marks)
c) Discuss the process of transforming an object from the world coordinates
(WC) space to the viewing coordinates (VC) space (5 marks)
d) Given the three matrices A: translation along the vector v = (4, 0, 2),
B: rotation 90 degrees around the z-axis and C: a non-uniform scaling
with 2 in x, 3 in y and 4 in z. a). Give the (4 × 4) matrix form of each of
A, B and C (6 marks)
Question Five (20 Marks)
a) Explain the following terms as used in color representation? (6 marks)
i. Hue
ii. Lightness
iii. Saturation:
b) Distinguish between modeling and rendering in computer graphics (4 marks)
c) Explain the process of clipping the line EF in the diagram below using
the Cohen Sutherland Line Clipping algorithm (4 marks)
d) i. Describe the transform needed to transform the triangle from A to B in the
Figure below with scaling, rotation and translation in that order (3 marks)
ii. Derive the 4 by 4 composite transformation matrix for the operations in (i) above
(3 marks)
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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF FASHION
DESIGN TEXTILE AND TECHNOLOGY
SCS 2308 Computer Graphics Year IV Semester I
Date: Friday, 9th December 2022 Time: 8.30am – 10.30am
Instructions
i. This EXAMINATION has TWO sections.
ii. SECTION A is compulsory. Answer ALL questions in this section. iii.
Answer ANY TWO questions in SECTION B.
QUESTION ONE (30 marks)
a) Define the following terms:
i) Interactive graphics (2 marks)
ii) Computer graphics (2 marks)
iii) Passive Graphics (2 marks)
iv) Refreshing of the screen (2 marks)
v) Scan code (2 marks)
b) Differentiate between scientific visualisation and information visualisation (4 marks)
c) Briefly discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of the following graphic
technologies in use
i) LCD (4 marks)
ii) Plasma (4 marks)
d) Briefly differentiate impact and non-impact printers (4 marks)
e) Briefly differentiate reflection and shear (4 marks)
QUESTION TWO (20 marks)
a) Briefly state the advantages of rendering polygons by scan line method (6 marks)
b) There are several algorithms used in computer graphics. Briefly discuss and give steps
for each of the following
i. DDA scan conversion algorithm (7 marks)
Page 1 of 2
ii. Bresenhams line drawing algorithm (7 marks)
QUESTION THREE (20 marks)
a) Elaborate on the term "Flat Panel Display" (2 marks)
b) Various devices are available for data input on graphics workstations. Name at least 6
devices. (3 marks)
c) Explain the following 2D geometric Transformation: (9 marks)
i. Translation
ii. Rotation
iii. Scaling
d) Find the transformed point, P', caused by rotating P= (5, l) about the origin through an
angle of 900 . (6 marks)
QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)
a) Draw a line using the Brenham's line drawing algorithm starting at point (1 ,4) and ends
at point (11, 10) (6marks)
b) Give an account on how computer graphics has improved the Education & Training
sector with appropriate example (3 marks)
c) Differentiate between Image Processing and Computer Graphics giving appropriate in
each case.
d) Joan a student at Kirinyaga University attended an ICT conference and was requested
to explain to the panel application areas of Computer graphics. State and explain
computer graphics applications.
(8 marks)
QUESTION FIVE (20 marks)
a) Define the term CRT, and briefly explain the functions of the following components in a
CRT.
i. Focusing system. (4marks)
ii. Deflection system. (4marks)
iii. Electron gun. (4marks)
b) Illustrate your understanding of the following terms as used in Computer Graphics and give
a brief description of each
i. Vertical Retrace. (4marks)
ii. Horizontal Retrace (4marks)
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KIRINYAGA UNIVERSITY
ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN FASHION
DESIGN & TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
SPS 2308 Computer Graphics FOURTH YEAR FIRST SEMESTER
Date: DECEMBER 2024 Time: 2 Hours
Instructions: Answer Questions 1 and any other Two
Question 1 (30 marks)
a) Briefly discuss how computer graphics may be applied in each of the following
application areas (6 marks)
i. Office Automation
ii. Simulators
iii. User interfaces
b) Distinguish between pinhole and thin lens camera models stating their relevance
in projective transformations (4 marks)
c) Describe he meaning of the following terms as they relate to computer graphics
(8 marks)
i. Graphics
ii. Graphic design
iii. Images
iv. A digital image
d) State and briefly explain any 3 advantages of vector graphics over raster graphics
(6 marks)
e) Using examples, discuss 3 ways in which one may create a 3D illusion in
computer graphics (6 marks)
Question 2 (20 marks)
a) Distinguish between vector and raster graphics (4 marks)
b) Explain why perspective transformations are more preferable to parallel
transformations. (6 marks)
c) Using examples, outline he key elements of a computer graphics system
(5 marks)
d) Distinguish between dedicated and integrated graphics cards (5 marks)
Question 3 (20 marks)
a) Explain the meaning of the following terms in computer graphics (6 marks)
i. Resolution
ii. color depth
iii. color palette
b) Discuss any FOUR properties of transformations (4 marks)
c) Describe aliasing as used in computer graphics? (2 marks)
d) Explain he key features of 1st to 4th generations of GPUs (8 marks)
Question Four (20 Marks)
a) State he advantage and disadvantage of perspective transformations
(4marks)
b) Explain how focus is obtained in a thin lens camera model (4 marks)
c) Describe the ‘Pulfrich Effect’ and state its relevance in computer graphics
(4 marks)
d) Describe the technological differences of the following display technologies
(8 marks)
i. CRT
ii. Plasma
iii. LCD
iv. OLED
Question Five (20 Marks)
a) Explain the following terms as used in color representation? (6 marks)
i. Hue
ii. Lightness
iii. Saturation
b) Distinguish between modeling and rendering in computer graphics
(4 marks)
c) Determine the outcodes for the two endpoints of the line given below
(4 marks)
d) Derive the equations for window to viewport transformation (6 marks)
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2018/2019
YEAR III SEMESTER I EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN FASHION DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY
SCS 2308- Computer Graphics Year Iii Semester I 2018
Date: Monday, 10th December 2018 Time: 8.30am – 10.30am
INSTRUCTIONS
Answer Question One and any other two questions
QUESTION ONE
a) With developments in computing technology interactive computer graphics has
become an effective tool for the presentation of information in diverse fields.
Explain the term Computer graphics (5mks)
b) Discuss Various devices available for data input ranging from general purpose
computer systems with graphic capabilities to sophisticated workstations
designed for graphics applications (5mks)
c) Explain how Illumination and color models, Shading, animations, advanced
rendering, and applications are fundamental in computer graphics. (5mks)
d) Graphic hardware can be divided into three major categories of devices. Explain
the three giving relevant examples (5mks)
e) What are the features of a mouse in computer graphics? (5mks)
f) animations of models using selected graphics tools such as 3D is essential in
computer graphics. Discuss the future of fashion in 3d printing clothes at home (5mks)
QUESTION TWO
a) It is a fact that one picture is worth a thousand words. Therefore, interfaces
empowered with graphics enhances the communication between the computer
and its users. Explain FIVE fields in which computer graphics is applied (10mks)
b) Graphic displays improve understanding of complex systems, and visualization
of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) objects. Distinguish
between 2D and 3 D (10mks)
Page 1 of 2
QUESTION THREE
a) Various devices are available for data input ranging from general purpose
computer systems with graphic capabilities to sophisticated workstations
designed for graphics applications. Explain the various functions of a keyboard
in computer graphics (10mks)
b) Describe briefly how a computer communicates with a laser printer (10mks)
QUESTION FOUR
a) Explain how Using 3D printing is a great way to produce fashion garments that
are unique and personalized. (10mks)
b) Discuss the two broad categories of hardcopy devices (10mks)
QUESTION FIVE
a) Explain how touch panel works in computer graphics (10mks)
b) Discuss major printer technologies available in application of computer graphics.
(10mks)
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